UNITS 2-3 (revision)

Vocabulary - adjectives (antonyms): negative prefix + adjective

fair UNfair, mature IMmature, responsible IRresponsible
Vocabulary - British English vs. American English:
amazing awesome, flat apartment, autumn fall

Vocabulary - health and endurance:

dizzy, exhausted, disabled, blind, deaf, allergic, injured
Vocabulary - reflexive pronouns:
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

(the action affects the same person that does it, someone does an action without any help)

Language - giving examples: like, such as, for example

Writing - a life story
Writing - an article about a disability

UNITS 2-3 (revision)

PAST SIMPLE or PRESENT PERFECT?

Past simple (revision):

o Structure:
AFF:
Subject + V + -ED ending, OR 2nd column of the irregular verbs list
NEG:
Subject + DIDNT + V
INT:
DID + Subject + V?
o Key words to identify it: ___________ ago, last _____________, yesterday

Present perfect (revision):

o Structure:
AFF:
Subject + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE*
NEG:
Subject + HAVENT/HASNT + PAST PARTICIPLE*
INT:
HAVE/HAS + Subject + PAST PARTICIPLE*?
*Be careful with regular/irregular past participles!
o Action starts in the past and continues to the present
o Consequence in the present of a past action
o Key words to identify it: just, already, still, yet,
for + period of time, since + moment in the past

UNITS 2-3 (revision)

Particles used along with the PRESENT PERFECT:
o JUST: the action has happened recently

My film has just got a really good review. (Mi pelcula acaba de recibir una crtica muy buena.)

o ALREADY: anticipation; the action has happened before we expected

My film has already got five good reviews. (Mi pelcula ya ha recibido cinco buenas crticas.)

o STILL / YET: the action hasnt happened and we are waiting for it to happen

I still havent found what Im looking for. (An/todava no he encontrado lo que estoy buscando.)
I havent met you yet. (An no te he conocido; todava no hemos quedado.)
Have the auditions finished yet? (Han acabado ya los castings?)

o FOR + a period of time:

He has played in that band for six years. (Ha tocado en ese grupo desde hace seis aos.)

o SINCE + a moment in the past:

He has played in that band since 2009. (Ha tocado en ese grupo desde 2009.)

Questions with PRESENT PERFECT or PAST SIMPLE:

o Have you ever + past participle + _________?
o How long have you + past participle + _________?

o When did you + base form + __________?

UNITS 2-3 (revision)

Modal verbs: obligation and prohibition

Must for obligation; mustnt for prohibition (law, rules, orders):

You must wear a school uniform; you mustnt eat chewing gum

Have to when we know its important to do something (tengo que):

I have to remember this, the teacher says itll be in the exam
Dont have to when there is no obligation (its not necessary to do it):
You dont have to wear the uniform to the school party

Modal verbs: ability

Can to speak about ability in the present:

Sam can say hello in more than twenty languages.

Could to speak about ability in the past:

I could play chess when I was a child, but I forgot how to do it.

Modal verbs: possibility and certainty

Could/might when were not sure if something will happen

It might rain tomorrow.

Must/cant when we are sure that something is/isnt true:

That must be John, he was about to arrive.
Those girls cant be Jackie and Jill, they are on holiday in France.