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Diagnostics tools for commissioning the PROFIBUS DP

network
QUESTION:
What options to I have for diagnosing errors in the DP master system during the commissioning phase?
ANSWER:
Errors can occur on the PROFIBUS DP network for the following reasons:
Bad wiring / installation of the bus cable
Incorrect configuration of the DP masters and the DP slave
Incorrect configuration of the associated PROFIBUS DP network
Incorrect addressing of the communication in the program of the CPU
In the following we will present the diagnostics tools available for the various error sources.
Bad Wiring/Installation of the Bus Cable
BT200 BUS TESTER
The BT200 Bus Tester is available for checking the wiring. The following tests can be made with the BT200 Bus
Tester when the PROFIBUS cable is not in use:
Checking the PROFIBUS cable:
Wire breakage
Shield breakage
Short circuits between wires and between wire and shield
Location of breakage/short circuit of data cables
Recognition of reflections that are causing faults
Incorrect wiring
Length of wiring installed
You can also use the BT200 Bus Tester for diagnostics when the network is in use:
Checking the availability of slaves:
List of reachable slaves
Selective addressing of separate slaves
Checking the RS 485 interface of the master and slave:
RS 485 driver
Power supply for line termination
RTS signal
Display of the PROFIBUS DP address

SIGNAL LEVEL MEASURING WITH AN OSCILLOSCOPE

Using an oscilloscope you can display the signal level on the PROFIBUS. This should have a rectangular form. A
specialist should be employed to evaluate the image.
Configuration of the DP Master and the DP Slave
To check the configuration of the DP master and the DP slaves connected to it you can monitor it in the HW
Configuration both offline and online. The configuration can be downloaded from the CPU for offline analysis.
If you analyze the configuration online in the HW Configuration, you can identify failed or defective modules. In the
case of modules that support diagnostics it is also possible to detect imminent channel faults (e.g. wire breakage).

Fig. 1: Online view of the HW Configuration

If modules fail, then the event is logged in the diagnostics buffer.

Fig. 2: Diagnostics
buffer of a CPU with
slave failure
PROFIBUS DP
Network
Some PC interfaces
for PROFIBUS
provide you with
diagnostics. You can
find them via "Set
PG/PC Interface" or
"Set PC Station".
Here you can read
out the actual bus
parameters and you
are presented with
an overview of the
PROFIBUS nodes
available.
Fig. 3: SIMATIC Net
diagnostics
AMPROLYZER
The Amprolyzer software is also available for
analyzing the PROFIBUS network with the
following functions.
Lifelist with all the PROFIBUS nodes on the
bus
Overview diagnostics with the current
operating states of the nodes
Bus statistics with the number of events
such as timeouts and message repetitions
Automatic detection of transfer rate
Message recording with trigger and filter
options with respect to events and
message content including time stamp
Storage and export of message records in
Excel format
Information on the Amprolyzer product is
available in Entry ID: 18818699.
Program of the CPU
A frequent source of error is also the STEP 7
program designated for data communication.
Incorrect I/O access (e.g. I/O access via T AW20) to nonexistent addresses can be easily detected via the
diagnostics buffer of the CPU .

If system functions (e.g. SFC14/15) are used for data communication, then the success of data transfer can be
determined via their return values. You can observe the return values via the variables table or the online view of
the LAD/FBD/STL editor.
When using certain modules, extraordinary programming of accesses might be necessary. When using CP342-5,
for example, it is not possible to access the I/O via load/transfer commands or system functions SFC14/15. Here
you have to use special functions (FC1 "DP_SEND" and FC2 "DP_RECV"). But also in this case you can
determine success of data transfer from the return values of these functions via the variables table or the online
view of the LAD/FBD/STL editor.
Note:
Users of S7-SCL or CFC also have the option of online monitoring of return values.
More information on the procedure for troubleshooting is available in Entry ID: 19379085.