BUSINESS MATHEMATICS-1 DKMB

301
(3 credits)
Lecturer: Don Tasman, S.Mia, S.E, S.Si,
M.M.
Books:
1. Barnett, Raymond A, Ziegler,
Michael,
R,
Mathematics
for
Business, Economics, Life Sciences,
and Social Sciences, Prentice Hall,
Sydney, 1996.
2. Dumairy, Matematika Terapan,
UGM.
Assignments : 12.5% (tasks and
quizzes)
Tutorial
: 12.5%
(participation,attendance,homework)
Mid-term test : 30%
Final Exam
: 45%

Quiz can be held at any time without

notice, open book, with calculator. If a
student is absent on that day, then
his/her score is 0 (there will be no
catch-up quiz).
Every
assignment
should
be
submitted on the following face-toface session. Tardiness will cause a
deduction of 5 per day (means 35 per
week).
Scientific Calculator needed (not
just +,-,x,:, but also xy, log, ln, ex,
etc).

 Exam type: essay, 120 minutes.

Closed
book,
with
calculator,
formulas provided
Show full working otherwise marks
will be deducted

 Question
paper
should
be
submitted
together
with
the
answer booklet
Believe in yourself. Academic
dishonesty, such as cheating will
not be tolerated and will incur
severe penalties, including failure
for the course.

FOUNDATION OF MATHEMATICS
Mathematical Terms
4 + 5 = 9 4 plus 5 is equal to 9
12 4 = 8 12 minus 4 is equal to
8
3 * 5 = 153 times 5 is equal to 15

 18 : 3 = 6 18 divided by 3 is
equal to 6
52 = 25 5 squared is equal to 25
63 = 216 6 cubed is equal to 216
54 = 625 5 to the power of 4 is
equal to 625
9 = 3 square root of 9 is equal
to 3

absolute value of -3 is equal

to 3
27 = 3 cube root of 27 is equal to
3
2log 16 = 4 logarithm of 16 with
base 2 is equal to 4.
Ln 2.71828.=1natural logarithm
of 2.71828is equal to 1.
a
b = a over b, a=numerator,
b=denominator.
= a half, or one over two;
1/3 = one over three = one third
= a quarter, or one over four
3 3

 6/7 = 6 over 7 ; 6 by 7.
1 2/3 = one and 2 by 3, or one and
2 over 3 or one and two third
2 7/8 = two and 7 by 8; two and 7
over 8
x > y: x is greater than y
x y: x is greater than or equal to
y
x < y: x is less than y
x y: x is less than or equal to y
x y: x is not equal to y
7 : 2 = 3, remainder = 1.
7=dividend
(yang
dibagi),
2=divisor (pembagi), 3=quotient
(hasil bagi), 1=remainder (sisa).
POLYNOMIALS
P(x) = 2x2 + 5x + 4
Q(x) = 5, R(x) = 2x 7
S(x) = 2x5 15x4 3x3 2x2 7x 1
Note:

x+2x = .; x+2x2= . ; 3x 2x2 =

.; (2x2)3= .
There
are
operations
with
polynomials,
such
as:
addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division,
power.
P(x) = x2 5x +6 , Q(x) = x 2
P(x) + Q(x) =
P(x) Q(x) =
P(x).Q(x)
=
Other examples:
P(x)/Q(x) =
, remainder
(P(x))2 =
A(x) = 2x3 5x + 1
B(x) = x2 + x + 2
Find A(x).B(x) and A(x)/B(x)
Calculate
(2x2 3)2 and (x3-8): (x-2) and (x51):
(x1)

FACTORIZATION OF POLYNOMIALS
1. mx2 + nx = x(m+n)
5x2 + 6x =
7x2 3x =
8x3 5x2 =
5x2y -2xy2 =
2. x2 y2 = (x + y)(x y)
x2 81 = x2 92 = (x+9)(x -9)
9x2 25y2 = (3x)2 (5y)2
=(3x+5y)(3x-5y)
x2 25 =
x2 121 =
x2 225 =
x2 2 =
64x2 169y2 =
49a2 81b2 =
3. ax2 + bx + c =
Find
two
numbers
whose
product is a.c, whose sum=b.
ax2 + bx + c = (ax.....)(ax....)
a
x2 + 7x + 12 =

x2
x2
x2
x2
x2

Product=1(12)=12,
sum=7.
They are 4 and 3 (x + 4)(x +
3)
+ 10x + 25 =
5x + 6 =
x6=
+x6=
5x 6 =

(2 x.....)(2 x....)
2
Product=2(-3)=-6,
sum=-1.
They
are
-3
and
2

(2x. 3)(2x 2) (2x 3)( x 1)

2
(7 x.....)(7 x....)
7x2 12x 4 =
7

2x2 x 3 =

6x2 x 2 =
12x2 40x 7 =
12x2 7x 12 =
SETS OF NUMBERS

Complex numbers, real

imaginary numbers, rational
irrational numbers, integers,
positive integers, zero,
integers, prime numbers.

numbers,
numbers,
fractions,
negative

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Every number is represented as a unit
times 10 to the power of something.
325 = 3.25 102
47 = 4.7 101
165 000 000 = 1.65 108
300 000 000 000 000 000 = 3 1017
0.0356 = 3.56 10-2

0.000 000 000 325 = 3.25 10-10

In calculator, 3.25 10-10 is written as
3.25E-10
3.56 10-2 is written as 3.56E-02. How
about 2.72 108 ?
ABSOLUTE VALUES always give the
positive form of numbers.
-2 = 2
-9.5 = 9.5
3 = 3
0 = 0
-2.9 = 2.9
- -3 = -3
EXPONENTS
102 = 100, 100 = 1, 10 = 10, 101/3
= 10
3

10

-2

1 1 0.01
= 2 100
10

52 = 25, 50 = 1,
1
/216

53 = 1/125 , 6-3 =

-0.5

1 1 1
= 0.5 9
3
9

23.24 ...

2 3

...

212 : 24 ...

4 28
2 ...

SURDS
49 = 7
28 = 4x7 = 27
50 = 25x2 = 52
1000 =
32 + 98 - 18 + 50 =
23 + 32 + 45 = stop, cant be
continued
23 . 32 =
75. 83 =
86 : 23 =
6: 32 = ?
12 : 56 =
LOGARITHM
23 = 8 2log 8 = 3
54 = 625 5log 625 = 4 log of 625
with base 5 is equal to 4.

10-2 = 0.01 10log 0.01 = -2 log

0.01 = -2
1 1
1 3
-3
7 = 3 343 7log
343
7
2
log 256 = x. Find x.
2
log x = 5. Find x.
x
log 128 = 7. Find x.
4
log 32 = .
16
log128 = .
55
log125 = .
Eulers number
Eulers number e = 2.71828182854.
1
1 1 1 1 1
........
1 1.2 1.2.3 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4.5
Find ex with your calculator
e0 = 1
e1 = 2.718..
e2 = 7.38.
e3 = 20.08.
e-1 = 0.36.
e-2 = 0.13..
e-3 = 0.04.

e2 = 7.3890. elog 7.3890 = ln

7.3890= 2
logarithm with base 10 is written as
log.
logarithm with base e is written as ln.
ln 7.3890. = 2
e0 = 1 ln 1 = 0
Properties of logarithm
p
p
1. log (a.b) =
log a + plog b
p
a
p
2. log ( /b) =
log a plog b
p
n
3. log (a)
= n.plog a
Calculator:
Find x in the followings:
2.312 1.233 32.24 log 3.17 ln 0.23 3 7.5
1. x=
2.320.5 e 1 2.13
2. x=1275(1+0.02)8
3. 7035.50=x(1+0.05)6
4. 1148.69=1000*(1+0.02)x.
5. 1503.78=1236*(1+x)5
6.

250(1 0.2 x )
312.496= 1 0.2

7.

2
8327.872 5000(1 x )
1 x

ASSIGNMENT #1
Make in groups of max 5 people. In
written form, submit on the next face
to face session. Tardiness will cause -5
per day (-35 per week).
1.
2.
3.
7)
4.
5.

Factorize 3x2 x 2
Factorize 6x2 7x 3
Expand (2x2 3x + 2)(x2 5x +

Calculate (x5 1): (x 1)

Calculate 2-3 + 3-2 + 2log 32
1
16
log 256

6.
7.
8.

6 6
Rationalize:
3 3 2

Put in scientific notation:

125 700 000 000
0.000 000 000 625
-3 + -2 - -5 =

9.
.
10.
16y4 =
11.
12.

20 + 45 - 180 + 245 =
Factorize completely: 625x4
Use calculator to find x:

8)
3250
(
1

x
3994.2656
1 0.2

Bring
your
own
scientific
calculator in every lecture and
exam.