Design of Portal Frames

R.V.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
BANGALORE-560059
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
DESIGN OF PORTAL FRAMES

REPORT
Submitted by
ADARSH YATNOOR
PRANAV PRABHAKAR
SANTOSH M NAIK
1RV12CV001
1RV12CV043
1RV12CV057
Submitted to
PROF. RADHAKRISHNA
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
R V COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
R.V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE - 560059

(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING.
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Self Study work titled DESIGNN OF PORTAL FRAMESis carried out
byADARSH YATNOOR (1RV12CV001), PRANAV PRABHAKAR (1RV12CV043) &
SANTOSH M NAIK (1RV12CV057), who are a bonafide students of R.V College of
Engineering, Bangalore, in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Civil Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum
during the year 2015-2016. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal
Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The Self
Study report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Self Study
work prescribed by the institution for the said degree.
Marks awarded = (Evaluation) =
10
Signature of staff in charge
1
0
Signature of Head of the Department
SL
NO
TOPIC
Introduction
Procedure for Analysis and design of Portal frames:
Portal frame design with hinge
Portal frame design without hinge
CONTENTS
Design of Portal Frames

Introduction:
A portal frame consists of vertical member called Columns and top member which may be
horizontal, curved or pitched. The vertical and top members built monolithically are considered
as rigidly connected. They are used in the construction of large sheds, bridges and viaducts.
The base of portal frame may be hinged or fixed. The portal frames are spaced at suitable
distance and it supports the slab above the top members. Various forms ofRCC portal frames
used in practice is shown in Fig.
The portal frames have high stability against lateral forces such as wind and earthquake and the
moments in the top beam are also reduced. But at the same time, large moments are induced in
the columns which become more costly. A portal frame is a statically indeterminate structure.
In the case of buildings, the portal frames are generally spaced at intervals of 3 to 4m with a
reinforced concrete slab cast monolithically between the frames. Frames used for ware house
sheds and workshop structures are provided with sloping of purlins and asbestos sheet roofing
between the portal frames. The base of the columns of the portal frames are either fixed or
hinged. Generally the columns having raft or piles are considered as fixed for analysis purpose.
Analysis of frames can be done by any standard methods like
i)
Slope deflection method,
ii)
Moment distribution method
iii)
Strain energy method
iv)
Kanis method.
Columns are designed for axial force and bending moment, whereas beam isdesigned for
bending moment and shear force. These forces are obtained from the analysis carried out on the
frame. Limit state method of design is used for design of members. Tables given in SP16 may be
used for design.
Procedure for Analysis and design of Portal frames:

Step1: Design of slabs
Slabs are supported on beams and are designed as continuous. Generally these slabs are designed
as one way slabs. Maximum bending moments and shear forces arecomputed using the
coefficients given in tables 12 and 13 respectively of IS456-2000.
For the assumed depth the required steel is computed from table 1 to4 or 5 to 44 of
SP16. Area of distribution steel are computed based on the minimum steel requirement ie.,
0.12% of gross area.
Step2: Preliminary design of beams and columns
Depth of the beam is generally decided on the basis of span to depth ratio. For lightly loaded
beams it is taken as 20 and 12 to 15 for heavily loaded beams. The width of the beam depends on
the architectural requirements. Generally the width of the beam kept equal to the width of the
wall or column. The size of the column is decided based on axial load calculated as reaction of
beam or by experience.
Step3: Analysis
The forces on beams and at joints if any are first calculated and then forces in columns and
beams are calculated using any standard methods of analysis like slope deflection method,
moment distribution method etc., or tables given in SP43 can also be used for finding the shear
force and bending moment.
Step4: Design of beams
Using the end moments and superposing simple support bending moment diagram, the design
moments at mid span and at ends are computed. The mid span section of intermediate frame is
designed as T-beam using the tables 57 to 59 of SP16. The sections at ends of the beam are
designed as rectangular beams. For the depth of the beam used at mid span, the steel required is
computed from finding steel percentage using the tables 1 to 4 of SP16. These sections are also
designed for shear using tables 61 to 63 of SP16. The beam is checked for deflection using span
to effective depth ratio.
Step5: Design of Columns
The columns are designed for uniaxial moment using the charts 24 to 85 of SP 16.
The tie reinforcement of the column is designed on the basis of recommendations given in clause
26.5.3.2 of IS456-2000.
Step6: Design of footings
The footings are designed for flexure, single shear and punching shear. The reinforcement is
generally provided on the basis of flexural requirement. If the base of the columns is analyzed as
hinged base, then the hinge is also designed considering the triaxial stresses.
Portal Frame Design with Hinge

PROBLEM 1:
Design Steps:
1. Design of slabs
2. Preliminary design of beams and columnsAnalysis
3. Design of beams
4. Design of Columns
5. Design of footings
Problem:
A portal frame hinged at base has following data:
Spacing of portal frames = 3m
Height of columns = 4m
Distance between column centers = 6m
Live load on roof = 1.5 kN/m2
RCC slab continuous over portal frames. Safe bearing capacity of soil=200 kN/m2
Adopt M-20 grade concrete and Fe-415 steel. Design the slab, portal frame and
foundations and sketch the details of reinforcements.
Solution: Data given:
Spacing of frames = 3m
Span of portal frame = 6m
Concrete: M20 grade
Steel: Fe 415
Step1: Design of slab
Assume over all depth of slab as 110mm and effective depth as 90mm
Self weight of slab = 0.11 x 24
= 2.64 kN/m2
Weight of roof finish
= 0.50 kN/m2 (assumed)
Ceiling finish
Total dead load wd
= 3.39 kN/m2
Live load wL
= 1.50 kN/m2 (Given in the data)
Maximum service load moment at interior support =
Mu=1.5 x 8.5 = 6.75 kN-m/m
Mulim=Qlimbd2 , where (Qlim=2.76)
= 4.55 kN-m
= 2.76 x 1000 x 902 / 1 x 106 =22356 kN-m > 6.75 kN-m

(Mu/bd2)= 0.83
From table 2 of SP16 pt=0.2248; Ast=(0.248 x 1000 x 110)/100= 272.8 mm2
Spacing of 10 mm dia bars = (78.54 x 1000)/384= 280 mm c/c
Provide 10 @ 280 c/c
Area of distribution steel Adist=0.12 x 1000 x 110 / 100 = 132 mm2
Provide #8 @ 380 c/c. Main and dist. reinforcement in the slab is shown in Fig
Beam:
Effective span = 6m
Effective depth based on deflection criteria = 6000/12 = 500mm
Assume over all depth as 550 mm with effective depth = 500mm,

breadth b = 400mm and column section equal to 400 mm x 500 mm.
Step3: Analysis
Load on frame
i) Load from slab = (3.39+1.5) x 3 = 14.67 kN/m
ii) Self weight of rib of beam = 0.4x0.55x24= 5.280 kN/m
Total 19.95 kN/m
Height of beam above hinge = 4+0.1-(0.55/2 )=3.825 m
The portal frame subjected to the udl considered for analysis is shown in Fig. 6.10
The moments in the portal frame hinged at the base and loaded as shown in Fig. is
analised by moment distribution
IAB = 400 x 5003/12 = 41.6 x 108 mm4,

IBC= 400 x 5003/12 = 41.6 x 108 mm4
Stiffness Factor:
KBA= IAB / LAB = 10.4 x 105

KBC= IBC / LBC = 13.8 x 105
Distribution Factors:
DBA = (KBA/ (KBA+KBC)) = 0.43

DBC = (KBC/ (KBA+KBC)) = 0.57
Fixed End Moments:
MFAB= MFBA= MFCD= MFDC =0
MFBC= -=-59.8 kN-m and MFCB= =59.8 kN-m
Joint
Members
DF
FEM
BALANC
E
CO
BALANC
E
CO
BALANC
E
CO
A
AB
0
-
BA
0.43
0
25.714
BC
0.57
-59.8
34.08
CB
0.57
59.8
-34.08
7.32
-17.04
9.71
17.04
-9.71
2.08
-4.85
2.76
4.85
-2.76
-1.38
1.38
D
CD
0.43
0
-25.714
DC
0
-
-7.32
-2.08
BALANC
E
TOTAL
0.59
0.78
-0.78
-0.59
35.7
-35.7
35.7
-35.7
Design moments:
Service load end moments: MB=35.7 kN-m,
Design end moments MuB=1.5 x 35.7 = 53.55 kN-m,
Service load mid span moment in beam= 19.95x62/8 53.55 =36.225 kN-m
Design mid span moment Mu+=1.5 x 36.225 = 54.33 kN-m
Maximum Working shear force (at B or C) in beam = 0.5 x 19.92 x 6 = 59.76kN
Design shear force Vu = 1.5 x 59.76 = 89.64 kN
Step4: Design of beams:
The beam of an intermediate portal frame is designed. The mid span section of this beam
is designed as a T-beam and the beam section at the ends are designed as rectangular
section.
Design of T-section for Mid Span :
Design moment Mu=54.33 kN-m
Flange width bf=
Here Lo=0.7 x L = 0.7 x 6 =4.2m
bf= 4.2/6+0.4+6x0.11=1.76m
Step4: Design of T-beam:
bf/bw=4.4 and Df/d =0.22 Referring to table 58 of SP16, the moment resistance factor is
given by KT=0.41,
Mulim=KT bwd2fck
= (0.41 x 400 x 5502 x 20)/1x106
= 992.2 kN-m > Mu Safe
The reinforcement is computed using table 2 of SP16
Mu/bd2 = 54.33 x 106/(400x5502) for this pt=0.143
Ast=0.143 x 400x550/100 = 314.6 mm2
Using SP 16 Hence 2 Nos. of 16mm at bottom in the mid span
Design of Rectangular beam:
Ast=0.143 x 400x550/100 = 314.6 mm2
Hence 2 Nos. of #16 at the top near the ends for a distance of o.25 L = 1.5m from face of
the column as shown in Fig
Check for Shear:
Nominal shear stress =

Tv=Vu/ (bd) = 0.407
pt=100x 314.6/(400x550)=0.1430.15
Permissible stress for pt=0.4 from table 19 tc=0.33 <tv Hence shear reinforcement is
required to be designed
Strength of concrete Vuc=0.33 x 400 x 600/1000 = 79.2 kN
Shear to be carried by steel Vus=89.64-79.2 = 10.44 kN

Spacing 2 legged 8 mm dia stirrup
sv=(0.87fyAsvd)/Vus=0.87*415*2*50*550/10.44=402.88
Two legged 8 stirrups are provided at 300 mm c/c (equal to maximum spacing)
Step5: Design of Columns:
Cross-section of column = 400 mm x 600 mm
Ultimate axial load Pu=1.5 x 59.76 = 89.64 kN (Axial load = shear force in beam)
Ultimate moment Mu= 1.5 x 36.225 = 54.33 kN-m ( Maximum)
Assuming effective cover d = 50 mm; d/D 0.1
Mu/(fckbD2)= 54.33*106/20*400*5002 = 0.027

Pu/(fckbD) = 89.64*103/20*400*500= 0.022
Referring to chart 32 of SP16, p/fck=0.04; p=20 x 0.04 = 0.8 %
Equal to Minimum percentage stipulated by IS456-2000 (0.8 % )
Ast=0.8x400x500/100 = 1600 mm2
No. of bars required = 1600/314 = 5.09
Provide 6 bars of dia 20mm.
8mm diameter tie shall have pitch least of the following
Least lateral dimension = 400 mm
16 times diameter of main bar = 320 mm
48 times diameter of tie bar = 384
300mm
Provide 8 mm tie @ 300 mm c/c
Step6: Design of Hinges:
At the hinge portion, concrete is under triaxial stress and can withstand higher
permissible stress.
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at hinge= 2x0.4fck =16 MPa
Factored thrust =Pu=89.4kN
Cross sectional area of hinge required = 89.40x103/16= 5587.5 mm2
Provide concrete area of 200 x100

(Area =20000mm2) for the hinge
Shear force at hinge = Total moment in column/height = 35.7/3.82=9.34
Ultimate shear force = 1.5x9.34=14.01 kN
Inclination of bar with vertical = q

= tan-1(30/50) =31o
Ultimate shear force = 0.87 fyAstsinq
Ast = 14.01 * 103 /0.87*415*sin31 =75.33
Provide 4-16 dia (Area=804 mm2)
Step7: Design of Footings:
Load:Axial Working load on column
= 59.76 kN
Self weight of column = 0.4 x 0.5 x3.72x 24 = 17.85

Self weight of footing @10%
= 16 kNTotal load = 93.61 kN
Working moment at base = 42 x 1 =42 kN-m
Approximate area footing required

= Load on column/SBC= 93.61/200 =0.468 m2
However the area provided shall be more than required to take care of effect of moment.
The footing size shall be assumed to be 1mx2m (Area=2 m2)
Maximum pressure qmax=P/A+M/Z = 93.6/2+6x42/1x22 = 58.25 kN/m2
Minimum pressure qmin

=P/A-M/Z = 93.6/2-6x42/1x22 = 35.34 kN/m2
Average pressure
q = (58.25+35.34)/2 = 46.79 kN/m2
Bending moment at X-X = 46.79 x 1 x 0.75/2

= 17.54 kN-m
Factored moment Mu26.31 kN-m
Over all depth shall be assumed as 300 mm and effective depth as 250 mm,
Mu/bd2= 26.31*106/1000*2502= 0.421
Corresponding percentage of steel from Table 2 of SP16 is pt= 0.13% > Minimum
pt=0.12%
Area of steel per meter width of footing is Ast=0.12x1000x250/100=300 mm2
Spacing of 12 mm diameter bar = 113x1000/300 = 376 mm c/c
Provide #12 @ 300 c/c both ways
Length of punching influence plane

= ao= 500+250 = 750 mm
Width of punching influence plane

= bo= 400+250 = 650 mm
Punching shear Force = Vpunch

=93.6-46.79x(0.75x0.65)=70.78 kN
Punching shear stress tpunch

=Vpunch/(2x(ao+bo)d)
=70.08 x103/(2x(750+650)250) = 0.103 MPa
Permissible shear stress = 0.25fck=1.18 MPa >tpunch Safe

Check for One Way Shear
Shear force at a distance d from face of column
V= 46.79x1x0.40 = 18.71 kN
Shear stress tv=18.71 x103/(1000x250)=0.007 MPa
For pt=0.15 , the permissible stress tc = 0.28 (From table 19 of IS456-2000)
this stress is very small and hence safe
Problem 2
Design Steps:
Design of slabs
Preliminary design of beams and columns
Analysis
Design of beams
Design of Columns
Design of footings
Problem:
RCC slab continuous over portal frames. Safe bearing capacity of soil=200
kN/m2
Adopt M-20 grade concrete and Fe-415 steel. Design the slab, portal
frame and foundations and sketch the details of reinforcements.
Concrete: M20 grade
Steel: Fe 415
Self weight of slab = 0.12 x 24 = 2.88 kN/m2
Weight of roof finish
Ceiling finish
Total dead load wd
= 3.63 kN/m2
Live load wL
8.5 kN-m
= 2.76 x 1000 x 1002 / 1 x 106 = 27.6 kN-m > 12.75 kN-m
From table 2 of SP16 pt=0.384; Ast=(0.384 x 1000 x 100)/100= 384 mm2
Spacing of 10 mm dia bars = (78.54 x 1000)/384= 204.5 mm c/c
Area of distribution steel Adist=0.12 x 1000 x 120 / 100 = 144 mm 2
Provide #8 @ 340 c/c. Main and dist. reinforcement in the slab is shown in
Fig
Beam:
Effective span = 10m
Effective depth based on deflection criteria = 10000/13 = 769.23mm

Step3: Analysis
Load on frame
Total 28.00 kN/m
Height of beam above hinge = 4+0.1-(075/2 )=3.72 m
The portal frame subjected to the udl considered for analysis is shown in Fig.
6.10
The moments in the portal frame hinged at the base and loaded as shown in
Fig. is analised by moment distribution
IAB = 450 x 6003/12 = 81 x 108 mm4,

IBC= 450 x 7503/12 = 158.2 x 108 mm4
Stiffness Factor:
KBA= IAB / LAB = 21.77 x 105

KBC= IBC / LBC = 15.8 x 105
Fixed End Moments:
MFAB= MFBA= MFCD= MFDC 0
MFBC= -=-233 kN-m and MFCB= =233 kN-m
Fig: Moment Distribution Table
Design moments:
Service load end moments: MB=156 kN-m,
Design end moments MuB=1.5 x 156 = 234 kN-m,
Service load mid span moment in beam= 28x102/8 102 =194 kN-m
Design mid span moment Mu+=1.5 x 194 = 291 kN-m
Maximum Working shear force (at B or C) in beam = 0.5 x 28 x 10 = 140kN
Design shear force Vu = 1.5 x 140 = 210 kN
The beam of an intermediate portal frame is designed. The mid span section
of this beam is designed as a T-beam and the beam section at the ends are
designed as rectangular section.
Design moment Mu=291 kN-m
Flange width bf=
Here Lo=0.7 x L = 0.7 x 10 =7m
bf= 7/6+0.45+6x0.12=2.33m
bf/bw=5.2 and Df /d =0.17 Referring to table 58 of SP16, the moment

resistance factor is given by KT=0.43,
Mulim=KT bwd2 fck

= 0.43 x 450 x 7002 x 20/1x106
= 1896.3 kN-m > Mu Safe
Mu/bd2 = 291 x 106/(450x7002)1.3 for this pt=0.392
Ast=0.392 x 450x700/100 = 1234.8 mm 2
No of 20 mm dia bar = 1234.8/(px202/4) =3.93
Hence 4 Nos. of #20 at bottom in the mid span
Design moment MuB=234 kN-m
MuB/bd2= 234x106/450x7002 1.1 From table 2 of SP16 pt=0.327
Ast=0.327 x 450 x 700 / 100 = 1030
No of 20 mm dia bar = 1030/(px202/4) =3.2
Hence 4 Nos. of #20 at the top near the ends for a distance of o.25 L = 2.5m
from face of the column as shown in Fig
Fig: Long Section of Beam
Fig: Cross Section

Check for Shear:
pt=100x 1256/(450x700)=0.390.4
Permissible stress for pt=0.4 from table 19 tc=0.432 < tv Hence shear
reinforcement is required to be designed
Strength of concrete Vuc=0.432 x 450 x 700/1000 = 136 kN
Shear to be carried by steel Vus=210-136 = 74 kN

pt=100x 942/(400x600)=0.390.4
Permissible stress for pt=0.4 from table 19 tc=0.432 < tv Hence shear
reinforcement is required to be designed
Strength of concrete Vuc=0.432 x 400 x 600/1000 = 103 kN
Shear to be carried by steel Vus=162-103 = 59 kN

sv=
Two legged 8 stirrups are provided at 300 mm c/c (equal to maximum

spacing)
Ultimate axial load Pu=1.5 x 140 = 210 kN (Axial load = shear force in
beam)
Ultimate moment Mu= 1.5 x 156 = 234 kN-m ( Maximum)
Ast=0.8x450x600/100 = 2160 mm2
300mm
Step6: Design of Hinges:
At the hinge portion, concrete is under triaxial stress and can withstand
higher permissible stress.
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at hinge= 2x0.4f ck =16 MPa
Factored thrust =Pu=210kN
Cross sectional area of hinge required = 210x103/16=13125 mm2
Provide concrete area of 200 x100

(Area =20000mm2) for the hinge
Shear force at hinge = Total moment in column/height = 156/3.72=42
Ultimate shear force = 1.5x42=63 kN
Inclination of bar with vertical = q

= tan-1(30/50) =31o
Ultimate shear force = 0.87 fy Ast sinq
Provide 4-16 dia (Area=804 mm2)

Load:
Axial Working load on column
= 140 kN
Self weight of column = 0.45 x 0.6 x3.72x 24 =

24
16 kN
Total load = 180 kN

= Load on column/SBC= 180/200 =0.9 m2
However the area provided shall be more than required to take care of effect
of moment. The footing size shall be assumed to be 1mx2m (Area=2 m 2)
Maximum pressure qmax=P/A+M/Z = 180/2+6x42/1x22 = 153 kN/m 2

=P/A-M/Z = 180/2-6x42/1x22 = 27 kN/m2
Average pressure
q = (153+27)/2 = 90 kN/m2
Bending moment at X-X = 90 x 1 x 0.72/2

= 22 kN-m
Factored moment Mu33 kN-m
Corresponding percentage of steel from Table 2 of SP16 is pt= 0.15% >

Minimum pt=0.12%
Area of steel per meter width of footing is Ast=0.12x1000x250/100=300

mm2

= ao= 600+250 = 850 mm

= bo= 450+250 = 700 mm

=180-90x(0.85x0.7)=126.5 kN

=126.5x103/(2x(850+700)250) = 0.16 MPa
Permissible shear stress = 0.25fck=1.18 MPa > t punch Safe

V= 90x1x0.45 = 40.5 kN
Shear stress tv=40.5x103/(1000x250)=0.162 MPa
Details of reinforcement provided in footing is shown in Fig.
Portal Frame Design without Hinge

PROBLEM 3
Design Steps:
Design of slabs
Preliminary design of beams and columns Analysis
Design of beams
Design of Columns
Design of footings
Problem:
Height of columns = 6.5m
RCC slab continuous over portal frames. Safe bearing capacity of soil=120 kN/m2
Adopt M-20 grade concrete and Fe-415 steel. Design the slab, portal frame and
foundations and sketch the details of reinforcements.
Height of columns = 6.6m
Concrete: M20 grade
Steel: Fe 415
Self weight of slab = 0.11 x 24
Live load wL
Mu=1.5 x 5.6 = 8.4 kN-m/m
= 2.4 kN/m2
= 2.76 x 1000 x 852 / 1 x 106 =19941 kN-m > 8.4 kN-m
= 5.6 kN-m
(Mu/bd2)= 0.83
Provide #8 @ 410 c/c. Main and dist. reinforcement in the slab is shown in Fig
Beam:
Effective span = 10m
Effective depth based on deflection criteria = 10000/15 = 700mm

Step3: Analysis
Load on frame
Total 20.36 kN/m
Height of beam above hinge = 4+0.1-(0.55/2 )=3.825 m
The portal frame subjected to the udl considered for analysis is shown in Fig. 6.10
The moments in the portal frame hinged at the base and loaded as shown in Fig. is
analised by moment distribution
IAB = 300 x 7003/12 = 85.75 x 108 mm4,

IBC= 300 x 5003/12 = 31.25 x 108 mm4
Stiffness Factor:
KBA= IAB / LAB = 10.4 x 105

KBC= IBC / LBC = 13.8 x 105
DBA = (KBA/ (KBA+KBC)) = 0.36

DBC = (KBC/ (KBA+KBC)) = 0.64
Fixed End Moments:
MFAB= MFBA= MFCD= MFDC =0
MFBC= -=-169.7kN-m and MFCB= =169.7 kN-m
Joint
Members
DF
FEM
BALANC
E
CO
BALANC
E
CO
BALANC
E
CO
BALANC
E
TOTAL
A
AB
0
-
BA
0.36
0
61.1
BC
0.64
-169.7
108.6
CB
0.64
169.7
-108.6
19.54
-54.3
34.76
54.3
-34.76
9.77
-
6.26
-17.38
11.12
3.13
-
0.59
44.77
89.54
30.55
-
D
CD
0.36
0
-61.1
DC
0
-
-19.54
-30.55
-
17.38
-11.12
-6.26
-9.77
-
-5.56
0.78
5.56
-0.78
-0.59
-3.13
-
-89.54
89.54
-44.77
Design moments:
Service load end moments: MB=25450 kN-m,
Service load mid span moment in beam= 254.5-89.5 =164.96 kN-m
Maximum Working shear force (at B or C) in beam = 0.5 x 20.36 x 10 = 101.8 * 10^3
section.
Design moment Mu=164.96 kN-m
Flange width bf=
Here Lo=0.7 x L = 0.7 x 10 =7m
bf= 7/6+0.4+6x0.11=2.64m
bf/bw=5.2 and Df/d =0.28 Referring to table 58 of SP16, the moment resistance factor is
given by KT=0.47,
Mulim=KT bwd2fck
= (0.47 x 300 x 7002 x 20)/1x106
= 1492.2 kN-m > Mu Safe
Ast=0.186 x 300x700/100 = 2195 mm2
Using SP 16 Hence 5 Nos. of 25mm at bottom in the mid span
Ast=0.186 x 400x550/100 = 1250 mm2
Hence 4 Nos. of #20 at the top near the ends for a distance of o.25 L = 1.5m from face of
the column as shown in Fig
Check for Shear:

Tv=Vu/ (bd) = 0.407
pt=100x 314.6/(300x7000)=0.1430.15
Permissible stress for pt=0.4 from table 19 tc=0.33 <tv Hence shear reinforcement is
required to be designed
Shear to be carried by steel Vus= 70.74 kN

Sv=(0.87fyAsvd)/Vus=0.87*415*2*50*700/70.74=110
Two legged 8 stirrups are provided at 110 mm c/c (equal to maximum spacing)
Ultimate axial load Pu=1.5 x 59.76 = 89.64 kN (Axial load = shear force in beam)
Ultimate moment Mu= 1.5 x 36.225 = 54.33 kN-m ( Maximum)
Mu/(fckbD2)= 164.33*106/20*300*7002 = 0.027

Pu/(fckbD) = 108.*103/20*400*500= 0.022
Ast=0.8x300x700/100 = 1885 mm2
300mm
Load:
Axial Working load on column
= 108 kN
Self weight of column = 0.3 x 0.6 x5.72x 24 = 24.71

= 16 kN
Total load = 148 kN

= Load on column/SBC= 148/200 =0.743 m2
However the area provided shall be more than required to take care of effect of moment.
The footing size shall be assumed to be 1mx2m (Area=2 m2)
Maximum pressure qmax=P/A+M/Z = 133.5 kN/m2

=P/A-M/Z = = 65.84 kN/m2
Average pressure
q = 97.67 kN/m2
Bending moment at X-X =

= 27.54 kN-m
Factored moment Mu36.21 kN-m
Mu/bd2= 0.563
Corresponding percentage of steel from Table 2 of SP16 is pt= 0.13% > Minimum
pt=0.12%

= ao= 700+250 = 950 mm

= bo= 300+250 = 550 mm

=130.78 kN

=130.08 x103/(2x(950+550)250) = 0.113 MPa
Permissible shear stress = 0.25fck=1.18 MPa >tpunch Safe

V= 58.81 kN
Shear stress tv=0.019 MPa
this stress is very small and hence safe.
PROBLEM 4
The roof of a 8m wide hall is supported on a portal frame spaced at 4m intervals.
The height of the portal frame is 4m. The continuous slab is 120 mm thick. Live load on roof =
1.5 kN/m2, SBC of soil = 150 kN/m2. The columns are connected with a plinth beam and the
base of the column may be assumed as fixed. Design The slab, column, beam members and
suitable footing for the columns of the portal frame. Adopt M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Also prepare the detailed structural drawing.
Solution:
Data given:
Thickness of slab = 120mm
Concrete: M20 grade
Steel: Fe 415
Step1:Design of slab
Self weight of slab = 0.12 x 24 = 2.88 kN/m2
Weight of roof finish = 0.50 kN/m2 (assumed)
Ceiling finish = 0.25 kN/m2 (assumed)
Total dead load wd = 3.63 kN/m2
Live load wL = 1.50 kN/m2 (Given in the data)

Spacing of 10 mm dia bars = (78.54 x 1000)/384= 204.5 mm c/c
Provide #10 @ 200 c/c
Provide #8 @ 340 c/c.
Beam:
Effective span = 8m
Effective depth based on deflection criteria = 8000/12 = 666.67mm
Assume over all depth as 700 mm with effective depth = 650mm, breadth b = 400mm
and column section equal to 400 mm x 600 mm.
Step3: Analysis
Load on frame
i) Load from slab = (3.63+1.5) x 4 =20.52 kN/m
ii) Self weight of rib of beam = 0.4x0.58x24 = 5.56 kN/m
Total 27.00 kN/m
The moments in the portal frame fixed at the base and loaded as shown in Fig. 6.4 are
analysed by moment distribution
IAB = 400 x 6003/12 = 72 x 108 mm4, IBC= 400 x 7003/12 = 114.33 x 108 mm4
Stiffness Factor:
KBA= IAB / LAB = 18 x 105 KBC= IBC / LBC = 14.3 x 105
Design moments:
Service load end moments: MB=102 kN-m, MA=51 kN-m
Design end moments MuB=1.5 x 102 = 153 kN-m, MuA=1.5 x 51=76.5 kN-m
Service load mid span moment in beam= 27x82/8 102 =114 kN-m
Design mid span moment Mu
+=1.5 x 114 = 171 kN-m
Maximum Working shear force (at B or C) in beam = 0.5 x 27 x 8 = 108kN
Design shear force Vu = 1.5 x 108 = 162 kN
Step4:Design of beams:
section.
Design moment Mu=171 kN-m
Flange width bf= w f
o b 6D
6
L , Here Lo=0.7 x L = 0.7 x 8 =5.6m
bf= 5.6/6+0.4+6x0.12=2m
bf/bw=5 and Df /d =0.2 Referring to table 58 of SP16, the moment resistance factor is
given by KT=0.459,
Mulim=KT bwd2 fck = 0.459 x 400 x 6002 x 20/1x106 = 1321.92 kN-m > Mu Safe
Mu/bd2 = 171 x 106/(400x6002)1.2 for this pt=0.359
Ast=0.359 x 400x600/100 = 861.6 mm2
No of 20 mm dia bar = 861.6/(x202/4) =2.74
Hence 3 Nos. of #20 at bottom in the mid span

Design of Rectangular-section for End Span :
Design moment MuB=153 kN-m
MuB/bd2= 153x106/400x6002 1.1 From table 2 of SP16 pt=0.327
Ast=0.327 x 400 x 600 / 100 = 784.8
No of 20 mm dia bar = 784.8/(x202/4) =2.5
Hence 3 Nos. of #20 at the top near the ends for a distance of o.25 L = 2m from face
Step5:Design of columns:
Ultimate axial load Pu=1.5 x 108 = 162 kN (Axial load = shear force in beam)
Ultimate moment Mu= 1.5 x 102 = 153 kN-m ( Maximum)
Referring to chart 32 of SP16, p/fck=0.03; p=20 x 0.03 = 0.6

Minimum steel in column should be 0.8 %, Hence min steel percentage shall be adopted
Ast=0.8x400x600/100 = 1920 mm2
Provide 8 bars of #20
i) Least lateral dimension = 400 mm
ii) 16 times diameter of main bar = 320 mm
iii) 48 times diameter of tie bar = 384
iv) 300mm
Step6:Design of Footing:
Load:
Axial Working load on column = 108 kN
Self weight of footing @10% = 11 kN
Total load= 119120 kN
Working load moment at base = 51 kN-m
Approximate area footing required = Load on column/SBC
= 108/150 =0.72 m2
However the area provided shall be more than required to take care of effect of
moment. The footing size shall be assumed to be 2mx3m (Area=6 m2)
Maximum pressure qmax=P/A+M/Z = 108/6+6x51/2x32 = 35 kN/m2
Minimum pressure qmin=P/A-M/Z = 108/6-6x51/2x32 = 1 kN/m2
Average pressure q = (35+1) = 18 kN/m2
Bending moment at X-X = 18 x 2 x 1.22/2 = 25.92 kN-m
Factored moment Mu39 kN-m
SP16 is pt= 0.1%, Minimum pt=0.12%

Check for Punching Shear
Length of punching influence plane = ao= 600+250 = 850 mm
Width of punching influence plane = bo= 400+250 = 650 mm
Punching shear Force = Vpunch=108-18x(0.85x0.65)=98 kN
Punching shear stress punch= Vpunch/ (2x(ao+bo)d =98x103/(2x(850+650)250)
= 0.13 MPa
Permissible shear stress = 0.25fck=1.18 MPa > punch Safe
V= 18x2x0.95 = 34.2 kN
Shear stress v=34.2x103/(2000x250)=0.064 MPa
Referring to table 19 of IS456 this stress is very small and hence safe

Design of Portal Frames

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Design of Portal Frames

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R.V.

DESIGN OF PORTAL FRAMES

R.V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE - 560059

Signature of staff in charge

Signature of Head of the Department

Procedure for Analysis and design of Portal frames:

Portal frame design with hinge

Portal frame design without hinge

Design of Portal Frames

Procedure for Analysis and design of Portal frames:

Portal Frame Design with Hinge

Span of portal frame = 6m

Live load on roof = 1.5 kN/m2

Concrete: M20 grade

Step1: Design of slab

Self weight of slab = 0.11 x 24

Weight of roof finish

= 0.50 kN/m2 (assumed)

= 0.25 kN/m2 (assumed)

Total dead load wd

= 1.50 kN/m2 (Given in the data)

Maximum service load moment at interior support =

Mu=1.5 x 8.5 = 6.75 kN-m/m

Mulim=Qlimbd2 , where (Qlim=2.76)

= 2.76 x 1000 x 902 / 1 x 106 =22356 kN-m > 6.75 kN-m

From table 2 of SP16 pt=0.2248; Ast=(0.248 x 1000 x 110)/100= 272.8 mm2

Spacing of 10 mm dia bars = (78.54 x 1000)/384= 280 mm c/c

Provide 10 @ 280 c/c

Area of distribution steel Adist=0.12 x 1000 x 110 / 100 = 132 mm2

Spacing of 8 mm dia bars = (50.26 x 1000)/132= 380 mm c/c

Step2: Preliminary design of beams and columns

Effective depth based on deflection criteria = 6000/12 = 500mm

Assume over all depth as 550 mm with effective depth = 500mm,

i) Load from slab = (3.39+1.5) x 3 = 14.67 kN/m

ii) Self weight of rib of beam = 0.4x0.55x24= 5.280 kN/m

Total 19.95 kN/m

Height of beam above hinge = 4+0.1-(0.55/2 )=3.825 m

IAB = 400 x 5003/12 = 41.6 x 108 mm4,

KBA= IAB / LAB = 10.4 x 105

DBA = (KBA/ (KBA+KBC)) = 0.43

MFAB= MFBA= MFCD= MFDC =0

MFBC= -=-59.8 kN-m and MFCB= =59.8 kN-m

Service load end moments: MB=35.7 kN-m,

Design end moments MuB=1.5 x 35.7 = 53.55 kN-m,

Design mid span moment Mu+=1.5 x 36.225 = 54.33 kN-m

Maximum Working shear force (at B or C) in beam = 0.5 x 19.92 x 6 = 59.76kN

Design shear force Vu = 1.5 x 59.76 = 89.64 kN

Step4: Design of beams:

Design of T-section for Mid Span :

Design moment Mu=54.33 kN-m

Flange width bf=

Here Lo=0.7 x L = 0.7 x 6 =4.2m

Step4: Design of T-beam:

The reinforcement is computed using table 2 of SP16

Mu/bd2 = 54.33 x 106/(400x5502) for this pt=0.143

Ast=0.143 x 400x550/100 = 314.6 mm2

Using SP 16 Hence 2 Nos. of 16mm at bottom in the mid span

Design of Rectangular beam:

Mu/bd2 = 54.33 x 106/(400x5502) for this pt=0.143

Ast=0.143 x 400x550/100 = 314.6 mm2

Check for Shear:

Nominal shear stress =

Strength of concrete Vuc=0.33 x 400 x 600/1000 = 79.2 kN

Mu/(fckbD2)= 54.33106/20400*5002 = 0.027

Ast = 14.01 * 103 /0.87415sin31 =75.33

Mu/bd2= 26.31106/10002502= 0.421