RUBENSTEIN, An Introduction to Human Geography, The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 13 Urban Patterns

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
1) The process whereby an increasing percentage of people live in an urban area is known
as
A) demographic transition.
B) rank-size rule.
C) urbanization.
D) central place theory.
2) The important element of urbanization is an increase in the
A) number of people living in urban settlements.
B) percentage of people living in urban settlements.
C) land area occupied by urban settlements.
D) all of the above
3) Which statement best describes the relationship between urbanization and the Industrial
Revolution?
A) Urbanization promoted the Industrial Revolution.
B) The Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization.
C) Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by thousands of years.
D) Urbanization and the Industrial Revolution are no longer related.
4) Of the ten largest urban areas in the world, how many are in More Developed Countries
today?
A) 1
B) 4
C) 7
D) 10
5) The process of legally adding land area to a city in the United States is
A) annexation.
B) accreditation.
C) an application of eminent domain.
D) defined by urbanized area.
6) The city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is the
A) central city.
B) urbanized area.
C) metropolitan statistical area.
D) consolidated metropolitan statistical area.
7) In the United States, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest land

area?
A) central business district
B) central city
C) urbanized area
D) metropolitan statistical area
8) Higher social heterogeneity in urban settlements means that
A) the people with whom you relax are probably the same ones you see at work.
B) you play a specialized role in the urban economy.
C) you compete for limited space.
D) you may feel lonely and isolated in a crowd.
9) According to Louis Wirth, urban areas are more likely than rural areas to have
A) larger size.
B) higher density.
C) more heterogeneity.
D) all of the above
10) Megalopolis refers to
A) adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
B) central cities.
C) consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
D) central cities plus urbanized areas. 3
11) The process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to
abandonment, is
A) blockbusting.
B) filtering.
C) gentrification.
D) redlining.
12) A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for
improvements is
A) blockbusting.
B) filtering.
C) gentrification.
D) redlining.
13) A process by which real estate agents convince white owners to sell their houses is
A) blockbusting.
B) filtering.
C) gentrification.
D) redlining.
14) Public housing is
A) conversion of low-income housing to middle-class housing.

B) illegally established low-income housing.

C) housing that has changed from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment.
D) low-income government-owned housing.
15) A process of converting a neighborhood from low-income to middle-class
A) blockbusting.
B) filtering.
C) gentrification.
D) redlining.
16) The zone in transition in U.S. cities typically contains which of the following?
A) warehouses
B) gentrified buildings
C) public housing
D) All of the above are found in the zone in transition.
17) According to U.S. law, when a family is forced by a city to relocate
A) old houses are renovated for them.
B) moving expenses and rent increases are paid by the government.
C) new public housing is built for them.
D) middle-class families are attracted to the inner-city.
18) The underclass is characterized in part by high rates of
A) drug addiction.
B) employment.
C) fire protection.
D) literacy.
19) U.S. central cities face fiscal problems because
A) federal and state funds are available.
B) low-income people are concentrated there.
C) middle-class families are attracted there.
D) redlining is no longer legal.
20) In U.S. cities, the underclass is
A) clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.
B) dispersed throughout the city.
C) clustered in suburbs.
D) distributed uniformly in the city.
21) Compared to whites, African Americans in U.S. cities are more likely to
A) clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.
B) dispersed throughout the city.
C) clustered in suburbs.
D) distributed uniformly in the city.

22) To deal with the financial problems in some areas of the cities, American city
governments
A) reduce taxes.
B) reduce services.
C) receive more grants from the federal government.
D) all of the above
23) A recent change in the density gradient has been
A) the elimination of the gap traditionally found in the center.
B) an increase in the extremes between the inner and outer areas.
C) an increase in the number of people living in the center.
D) a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area.
24) Compared to the United Kingdom, the amount of sprawl in the United States is
A) greater.
B) less.
C) about the same.
D) no longer existing.
25) Sprawl is the
A) change in density within an urban area from the center to the periphery.
B) development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.
C) land maintained as open space surrounding an urban area.
D) period in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.
26) British cities are surrounded by open space known as
A) greenbelts.
B) public housing.
C) sprawl.
D) squatter settlements.
27) The purpose of busing in many U.S. suburbs is to
A) encourage children to walk to school.
B) encourage long-distance commuting.
C) promote racially integrated neighborhoods.
D) promote racially integrated schools.
28) A legal form of segregation in U.S. cities is achieved through
A) blockbusting.
B) filtering.
C) zoning.
D) greenbelts.
29) People are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by
A) heavy traffic.
B) lower opportunity for home ownership.

C) private land surrounding the house.

D) row houses and apartments.
30) The largest percentage of the U.S. population lives in
A) central cities.
B) suburbs.
C) nonmetropolitan areas.
D) all of the above
31) The largest number of trips are made for what purpose?
A) personal business
B) shopping
C) social journeys
D) work
32) The U.S. government has encouraged the use of cars in part by
A) building interstate highways.
B) charging high gasoline taxes.
C) constructing new subways.
D) protecting prime agricultural land.
33) Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more
A) energy efficiency.
B) flexibility.
C) pollution.
D) privacy.
34) The major exception to the decline in public transit is the
A) automobile.
B) bus.
C) rapid transit.
D) all of the above
35) Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States
primarily because
A) Europeans can't afford cars.
B) European governments subsidize public transit.
C) density is lower.
D) the central city contains fewer high-rises.
36) In recent years, urban residents are more likely to shop in
A) corner shops.
B) downtown stores.
C) suburban malls.
D) all of the above

37) The attractions of shopping malls include all but which of the following?
A) frequent concerts and exhibitions
B) generous parking lots
C) place to meet friends
D) walking distance from homes
38) Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of
A) access to main highways.
B) adequate space to build vertical structures.
C) availability of large tracts of high-priced land.
D) good rail connections.
39) Some employees of suburban businesses may suffer hardships because they do not
A) commute to the CBD.
B) experience sprawl.
C) live near the business.
D) own automobiles.
40) According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of
A) corridors.
B) nodes.
C) rings.
D) all of the above
41) Chicago is a good location in which to develop urban models because it is located
A) at the hub of the nation's transportation system.
B) in the center of the country.
C) on a flat prairie.
D) on the shore of Lake Michigan.
42) According to the sector model, the best housing is located in
A) a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city.
B) an outer ring surrounding the city.
C) nodes near universities and parks.
D) renovated inner-city neighborhoods.
43) According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby
A) industries.
B) residences.
C) shops.
D) universities.
44) Social area analysis attempts to explain
A) the changing location of retail and office activities in North American cities.
B) the development of squatter settlements in developing countries.
C) the distribution of different types of people in an urban area.

D) which of the three models of urban structure is the most accurate in the United States.
45) The multiple nuclei theory best explains why different neighborhoods of a city attract
people of different
A) ages.
B) ethnic origin.
C) income.
D) marital status.
46) Higher income people tend to live near the center of the city in all but which of the
following regions?
A) Latin America
B) North America
C) South Asia
D) Western Europe
47) When the models of urban structure developed in Chicago are applied to Rio de
Janeiro, one conclusion is that
A) both cities are located near large lakes.
B) Rio de Janeiro doesn't have high income neighborhoods.
C) the models don't work in Rio de Janeiro.
D) the poorest people are located in different areas.
48) Ramshackle houses on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are known
as
A) squatter settlements.
B) council estates.
C) public housing.
D) zone in transition.
49) Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be
A) clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.
B) dispersed throughout the city.
C) clustered in suburbs.
D) distributed uniformly in the city.
50) The wide boulevards built in cities in less developed countries were most likely built
during what era?
A) precolonial
B) colonial
C) independence
D) all of the above equally