Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
IRJAP
Case Study
INTRODUCTION
Physically, there is no doubt that kampungs are in kota
and kota in kampungs. In socio-political terms, even
though kampungs have been the victims of kota
development for a long time, kampungs have a strong
bargaining position in a democracy, because 65 percent
of Jakartas citizens live in them. According to Sihombing
(2007), a kampung is simply a traditional, informal
spontaneous and diverse settlement in an urban area.
Otherwise, kota is a modern, formal, regulated, and
planned city. In English kota can be translated urban, city
or town.
Jakarta is a big city and, as well, a big kampung (Leaf
1991, p. 1). Leaf makes this point:
Jakarta is also perkampungan yang besar or the big
village, and [this is] a reference to both its physical forms
as a multitude of small kampung settlements or villages
grown together as well as its social role as a receptor of
immigrants from throughout the country.
When considering Jakartas urban design, planning and
development, urban designers and planners cannot
ignore kampungs as they have in the past: it is a two-way
street, and kota in the long run cannot develop without
Sihombing A
002
Figure 1. The location of the chosen case studies on the Jakartas map
METHODOLOGY
I selected a case study approach to explore the major
problems experienced by kampung dwellers. Yin (1994)
defined the case study as: an empirical inquiry that
investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-
usually provides the daily needs of people in the kampung. Offstreet warungs refers to warungs in kampungs, which usually have
no streets or, in other words, these kampungs are accessed by lanes
only.
003
Sihombing A
004
A
7
4
2
2
1
1
B
15
3
C
8
D
15
E
16
1
1
1
Total
61
8
3
2
4
2
Figure 2. The photograph (left) and the section (right) of the narrow lane (50 cm) as the public space in Kampung Pejagalan
Source: authors photograph and sketch
Open Spaces
TABLE 1 shows the answer for my questions of In your
opinion, what is the function of open space in this
kampung? (Please choose one of the answers in boxes
below) given during my research in kampungs. It gives
the views of the respondents on the functions of open
space in kampungs.. There are many functions of public
space, but the most importance is a place for childrens
playing. The problem is that the open spaces in
kampungs are very poor or inadequate. Children in
kampungs play on the streets or even in the lanes around
their houses (Figure 4).
Socio-cultural form of kampungs (in Jakarta) refers to a
built-environment in relation to everyday life experiences,
such as childrens and peoples activities, peoples
relationships, traditions, conflicts and problems in
kampungs of Jakarta. Dovey (1985) and (Rapoport 1969,
pp. 48-49) defined it as sociocultural order. It is an order
of built environments in relation to the particular patterns
and rituals of environmental experience and behavior in
everyday life. More specifically, in architecture and urban
studies, culture is often understood or used as the
0.74 cm
appeared
over water
005
Net pole
Net pole
120 cm
150 cm
disappeared
underwater
120 cm
Figure 3. The badminton court in block as in has disappeared under 150 cm of water (the net-poles are shown circled) (left); the
rest of height (120 cm) of house roof and door (middle and right)
Source: Photograph by author
Net pole
Net pole
Figure 4. Section of the badminton court and houses in block as in have disappeared under 150 cm of water
Source: authors sketch
Sihombing A
006
Figure 5. childrens spaces in kampungs: mini local cinema (left); on a small empty parcel (middle); and on the lanes
(right)
Source: Survey by author
Figure 6. Warungs as part of houses in kampung pejagalan (left) and kebon kosong (right)
Source: Photograph by author
007
Figure 7. Pedestrian Warungs, pedestrian peddlers (kaki lima) in the golden triangle area (central
jakarta)
Source: Photograph by author
A
8
8
3
B
2
4
3
4
4
2
3
3
1
1
C
4
1
2
1
2
D
1
2
1
3
1
11
1
2
3
4
1
5
3
2
15
16
12
10
8
2
17
8
9
1
Note: A: Kampung Blok Asin, B: Kampung Kebon Kosong, C: Kampung Pejagalan, D: Kampung Menteng
Atas, E: Kampung Mangarai Source: Survey by author
Sihombing A
008
A
The worst services of infrastructure
Home electricity
Street/lane electricity
Home telephone
Public telephone
City water supply
Water jet pump/artesian well
Sanitary, septic tank or waste water
Rubbish collection system and its places
Drainage
Street, lane or pedestrian
Public transport
Others
The most important infrastructure
Home electricity
Street/lane lighting
Home telephone
Public telephone
City water supply
Water jet pump/artesian well
Sanitary, septic tank or waste water
Rubbish collection system and its places
Drainage
Street, lane or pedestrian
Public transport
Others
1
2
3
2
5
14
2
1
1
4
3
10
2
2
2
3
6
5
1
1
6
3
1
1
6
8
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
6
1
1
2
4
1
1
2
3
7
11
3
7
39
5
1
1
23
6
1
1
6
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
1
2
2
5
1
2
1
4
16
3
6
16
11
1
15
16
6
3
009
REFERENCES
Bulmer M (1986). Neighbours: the Work of Philip Abram,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Dovey K (1985). Home and Homelessness, in Altman I.
and Werner C. M. (ed.), Home Environment, Plenum
Press, New York and London, pp. 38-40.
Harvey D (1989). The Urban Experience, Blackwell,
Oxford.
Leaf ML (1996). Building the road for the BMW: culture,
vision, and the extended metropolitan region of Jakarta,
in Environment and Planning A, vol. 28, pp. 1617-1635.
Lefebvre H (1991). The Production of Space, (translated
by Nicholson-Smith, D.), Blackwell, Oxford and
Cambridge.
Mayo M (2000). Culture, Communities, Identities: Culture
Strategies for Participation and Empowerment, 2000,
pp. 12).
Popple K (1995). Analysing Community Work, Open
University Press, Buckingham, p. 4.
Rapoport A (1969). House Form and Culture, PrenticeHall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. London, pp. 48-49).
Kompas [9] , 27 November 2002.
Sihombing A (2001). Drawing the City: Revealing
Peoples Awareness of Kampung Jakarta, New
Perspectives on the Transformation of Fast Growing
Cities in the Pacific Rim, [proceedings of Quality in
Research of Joint Conference: the University of
Indonesia and the University of Melbourne, Jakarta,
2001], Jakarta, pp. 6:1-6.15.
Sihombing A (2007). Living in the Kampungs: A Firsthand
Sihombing A
010