RSM79-P1-WEP-PH-17

6.

Solved Problems

6.1

Subjective

Problem 1:

RSM79-P1-WEP-PH-18

4 2m2g2 4mv 20

k
k2
2

mg
k v0
1 1 .
x=
k
m g

2 mg

k
x=

A particle of mass m is displaced from a position P1 to P2 with position

F bi cj ak . Find the work done by the force.

If the displacement of the particle is S , the work done W by the given

force F is equal to F . S , when F is a constant force.

W F. S
(1)

where S r r2 r1

S [( c i aj bk ) (a i bj ck )]

(2)
S [(c a)i (a b)j (b c )k ]

and
F b i cj ak
(3)
vectors r1 ai bj ck and r2 c i aj bk by a force

Solution:

Using (1), (2) and (3)

W (b i cj ak ).[(c a)i (a b)j (b c )k]
W = (c-a)b + (a-b)c + (b-c)a
W = bc - ab + ac - bc + ab - ac = 0

Net work done by the force F for the given displacement is zero.
Problem 2 :

Solution:

A block is projected horizontally on a

rough horizontal floor. The coefficient of
friction between the block and the floor
is . The block strikes a light spring of
stiffness k with a velocity v0. Find the
maximum compression of the spring.

v0
k

Since the block slides and the spring is compressed through a

distance x the net retarding force acting on it
= F = kx + N = ( mg + kx)
Work done by net force for
x
the displacement x, W =
W=

F .dx

0 F dx

KE=

Solution:

Two smooth balls of mass m1 and m2

connected by a light inextensible string are
at the opposite points of horizontal
diameter of a smooth semi cylindrical
surface of radius R. If m1 is released, find
its speed at any angular distance moved
by m2.

m2
R
m1

m2

Let the ball m2 move through an angle . The mass m will fall through
a distance h1 = R. The ball m2 rises through a height h2 as,
h2 = R sin .
The change in gravitational potential energy of m1 is
PE1 = -m1gh1 = -m1 gR
(since m1 loses its potential energy as it falls down).
v m
The change in gravitational potential
2
energy of m2 is
R
PE2 = m2gh2 = m2gR sin
h2

(since m2 gains potential energy as it rises m1

up)
h1
The total change in gravitational
v
potential energy = PE = PE1 + PE2
m1
PE = -m1gR + m2gR sin = gR (m2 sin - m1 ).
The change in KE of the system (m1 + m2)
(m1 m2 )v 2
1
1
m1v2 +
m2v2 =
(2)
2
2
2
where v = speed of m1 and m2 at the positions as shown in the
figure.
From the principle of conservation of energy we obtain,
KE + PE = 0
(3)

= KE =

Using (1), (2) and (3), we obtain,

mg kx dx
0

kx
1

mv 02 0 mg x
2
2

2
mg
m
x2 +
xv 20 = 0
k
k

Problem 3:

1
(m1 + m2)v2 gR (m1 m2 sin ) = 0
2

kx

v=

N
mg

2gR m1 m 2 sin
.
m1 m 2

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Problem 4 :

Solution:

RSM79-P1-WEP-PH-20

Where fmax = maximum static friction between the wedge & ground.
(limiting friction ) that must be equal to the maximum horizontal force
(Fx)max for prevalence of sliding of the wedge & N = normal force
offered by the horizontal surface on the wedge.
(F)max & N can be calculated as follows. Let the particle attain a
speed v at the angular position as shown in the free body diagram.

A block of mass M initially has a velocity v0 when it just touches a

spring. The block moves through a distance l before it stops after
compressing the spring. The spring constant is k and the coefficient of
kinetic friction between block and table is . As the block moves the
distance I, (a) what is the work done on it by the spring force? Are there
other forces acting on the block, and if so, what work do they do? (b)
what is the total work done on the block? (c) use the work-energy
theorem to find the value of l in terms of M, v0, , g and k.
v0

(a) The net force acting on the block by

the spring is equal to Fspring = kx
Work done by the spring

= Fspring. ds

Since the particle accelerates towards the centre O with an

v2
acceleration a =
, the force exerted on it must be radially inwards.
r
mv 2
R mg sin = ma =
r
mv 2
R = mg sin +
. . . (ii)
r

m
m

v
kx

mg

= Fspring ds cos 180 = Fspring.ds

l
kl2
= kx dx
2
0

Conserving energy of the particle between position 1 & 2 we obtain

1
(KE)12 = (PE) 12 mv2 = mgh = mr sin . G
2
v=

(b) The total work done = W = KE = 0 (1/2) m v 20 = (1/2)m v 20 .

Elimination of v between (ii) & (iii) yields

R = 3 mg sin
. .. (iv)
the horizontal force acting on the wedge = Fx =R cos
3
Fx =(3 mg sin ) cos = 3mg sin cos =
mg sin 2 .. . (v)
2
0
For Fx to be maximum sin 2 = 1 =45 Putting in equation (v)
horizontally
3
we obtain ( Fx) max =
mg
. . . (vi)
2
Resolving forces acting on the wedge for its equilibrium along
horizontal & vertical we obtain,
fmax (Fx) max = Ma = 0 & N Mg R sin = May = 0
3
3

fmax = (Fx)max = mg & N = Mg + R sin | = /4 = M m g

2
2

(c) The work done by friction = - mgl

The total work done =-mgl (1/2)kl2
1
1 2
1
= - mv 20
kl mgl mv 02
2
2
2
2

mg
k v
l
1 0 1

k
m g

Problem 5 :

Solution :

A wedge of mass M with a smooth quarter circular

plane, is kept on a rough horizontal surface. A
particle of mass m is released from rest from the top
of the wedge as shown in the figure. When the
particle slides along the quarter circular plane, it
exerts a force on the wedge. If the wedge begins to
slide when the particle exerts a maximum horizontal
force on it, find the coefficient of friction between the
wedge & the horizontal surface.

In order to find the coefficient of

friction at the time of maximum
horizontal thrust (Fx) max exerted on
the wedge by the particle given by
the formula
f
= max . . . (i)
N

using (I) the values of fmax & N we obtain

3m
=
.
2M 3m
Problem 6:

1
h
Fx

. . . (iii)

2gr sin

O
R

a
v
2
Mg mg

f
N

In the figure shown stiffness of the spring is k and

mass of the block is m. The pulley is fixed. Initially
the block m is held such that, the elongation in the
spring is zero and then released from rest. Find :
(a) the maximum elongation in the spring
(b) the maximum speed of the block m.
Neglect the mass of the spring, pulley and that
of the string.

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Solution:

(a) Let the maximum elongation in the spring

be x, when the block is at position 2.
The displacement of the block m is also
x. If E1 and E2 are the energies of the
system when the block is at position 1
and 2 respectively. Then
E1 = U1g + U1s + T 1
Where
U1g = gravitational P.E. with
respect to surface S.
U1S = P.E. stored in the spring.
T1 = initial K.E. of the block.
E1 = mgh1 + 0 + 0 = mgh1
. . . (1)
and E2 = U2g + U2s + T 2
1
= mgh2 + kx2 + 0
. . . (2)
2
From conservation of energy E1 = E2
1
mgh1 = mgh2 + kx2
2
1 2

kx mgh1 h2 mgx
2
x = 2mg/k

RSM79-P1-WEP-PH-22

If v be the speed of the particle at B, then

mv 2
FR =
. . . (ii)
l
From (i) and (ii), we get
mv 2
T - mg cos =
. . . (iii)
l
Since at B, T = mg
mv 2
mg(1 cos ) =
l
v2 = g (1 - cos) . . . . (iv)

1
h1

2
h2

Conserving the energy of the particle at point A and B, we have

1
1
2
mv o mg l 1 cos mv 2
2
2
where vo = gl and v = gl 1 cos
g = 2g(1 - cos) + g (1 - cos)
cos = 2/3
. . . . (v)
Putting the value of cos in equation (iv) we get
v=
Problem 8 :

(b) The speed of the block will be maximum when it is at the

equilibrium point. Let xo be the elongation in the spring. When the
block is at equilibrium point
from conservation of energy
1
1
mgh1 = mg(h1 - xo) + mv 2 + kx 20
2
2
mg 1
1 m2g2
mg
mv 2 k 2
mg =kxo
k
2
2
k
2 2
2
mg
mv
m

v=
g.
k
2
k
Problem 7:

A heavy particle hanging from a fixed point by a light inextensible

string of length l is projected horizontally with speed

gl .

Find the

speed of the particle and the inclination of the string to the vertical at
the instant of the motion when the tension in the string is equal to the
weight of the particle.

Solution :

Let tension in the string become equal to the

weight of the particle when particle reaches
the point B and deflection of the string from
vertical is . Resolving mg along the string
and perpendicular to the string, we get net
radial force on the particle at B i.e.
FR = T - mg cos
. . . (i)

O
T

B
mgcos

A
mgsin

gl
3
m

A block of mass m starts from rest and slides

down the surface of a frictionless solid sphere
of radius R as shown in figure. Measure angles
from the vertical and potential energy from the
top. Find
(a) the change in potential energy of the
mass with angle

(b) the kinetic energy as a function of angle

(c) the radial and tangential acceleration as a function of .
(d) the angle at which the mass flies off the sphere.

Solution:

(a) Consider the mass when it is at the

point B. UA (P.E. at A) = 0
UB(P.E. at B) = -mgR (1 cos )
U = UB - UA
U = - mgR(1 - cos)
Negative sign indicates that P.E.
decreases as particle slides down.

A
R(1 - cos?

(b) Conserving energy at points A and B.

UA + T A = UB + T B
where
UA = P.E. at A, UB = P.E. at B
T A = K.E. at A, TB = K.E. at B
0 + 0 = -mgR(1- cos) + T B

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T = mgR(1 cos )
1
(c) Since
T = mv 2
2
1

mv 2 = mgR(1 cos ) = mgR 2sin2 /2

2

RSM79-P1-WEP-PH-24

the curved path is smooth.

coefficient of friction is .

Solution :

v = 2 gR sin/2

Let the block escape the point at C with

a velocity V horizontally. Since it hits
the initial spot A after falling through a
height 2R we can write (2R) = gt2
where t = time of its fall.

aradial = v2/R

t = 2 R/g

ar = 4g sin2/2

The distance AB = 2v R / g

at = g sin

d
v t
dt

at = gsin

v1 =
A

mgcos

v=
mgsin

. . . (a)

v12 2g d

. . . (b)

v 2 4gR

. . . (c)

. . . (d)

gR

By using (c) and (d) we obtain

v1 =

5gR . . . (e)

using (a) and (d) we obtain

R
2R
. . . (f)
gR 2
g

Putting the values of v1 and d in (b) we obtain

- v = 2 gR sin/2

d=

g cos = 4g sin2/2 = 2g(1 - cos)

cos = 2/3 = cos-1(2/3)

vo =
vo =

A small block is projected with a speed

v0 on a horizontal track which turns
into a semi circle (vertical) of radius R.
Find the min value of Vo so that the
body will hit the point A after leaving
the track at its highest point. The
arrangement is shown in the figure,
given that the straight part is rough &

When the bead escapes C, its minimum speed v can be given as

mv 2
= mg (the normal contact force = 0)
R

mg cos - N =

Problem 9:

v1

Energy conservation between B & C yields

1
1
mv 12 mv 2 mg( 2R )
2
2

at = (g/R) v cos/2 , as v = 2 2gR sin /2

mv 2
R
at the moment when the particle
breakes off the sphere N = 0.
mv 2
mg cos =
R
g cos = v2/R

1
1
m v o2 m V12 mg d
2
2

vo =

d
at = (gR) cos/2
= (gR) cos/2
dt

(d) For circular motion

Work energy theorem is applied to the motion of the body from A to B

leads KE = W f

vtangential = 2 gR sin /2

at =

d = 2v R / g

also, in circular motion velocity is along the tangent, therefore

The

R
smooth

Problem 10:
v0

Rough surface

5gR 2g( 2R )

5 4 gR .

A heaped chain of total length is kept

at the edge of the smooth table top.
One end of the chain is pulled down
slightly & released, the links of the
chain far from the heap gradually
under the weight of the hanging part of
the chain.
Find the speed of the

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hanging chain in the function of the

overhanging part.

RSM79-P1-WEP-PH-26

6.2

Objective

Problem 1:

When a man walks on a horizontal surface with constant velocity, work

done by
(A) Friction is zero
(B) Contact force is zero
(C) Gravity is zero
(D) Man is zero

Solution :

N
Since mg & N are perpendicular to velocity

v and ds , work done by these forces is zero.

v
Since no relative sliding occurs during
f
walking, static friction comes into play.
ds
Hence the point of application of static
frictional force does not move. Therefore no
mg
work is done by frictional force.
The man has to lose his body's (internal) energy E, hence performs
work because W = E.

Problem 2:

A pumping machine pumps a liquid at a rate of 60 cc per minute at a

pressure of 1.5 atmosphere. The power of the machine is
(A) 9 watts
(B) 6 watts
(C ) 9 kW
(D) None of these

Solution :

Power = F.v, where F = force imparted by the machine , v = velocity

of the liquid
P = p.A.v, Where p = pressure & A = effective area
dV
3

=p
= 105 ( 60 10 6 )
( 1 atm 105 N/m2 )
dt
2

= 9 watts.

Problem 3:

A particle of mass m is moving horizontally with a constant velocity v

towards a rigid wall that is moving in opposite direction with a constant
speed u. Assuming elastic impact between the particle and wall, the
work done by the wall in reflecting the particle is equal to:
2
(A) (1/2) m(u+v)
(B) (1/2) m(u+v)
(C) (1/2) muv
(D) None of these

Solution:

Velocity of separation = - e (velocity

of approach)
(-v'i) - (-ui) = -e[(vi) (-ui]
u v' = -1(v + u)
v' = 2u + v
1
1
W = KE = mv '2 mv 2
2
2
1
= m ( 2u v )2 v 2 = 2mu (u + v).
2

Solution:

Suppose the chain acquires a velocity v

after falling through a distance x let the
corresponding acceleration be a. Since
the nearest link of the portion 1 to the
portion 2 is expelled from the heap 2 with a
relative velocity v, impact force R comes
into play on the moving portion 1 of the
chain due to the heap. Resolving the
forces acting on the portion 1 we obtain,
mg R = ma
. . . (i)
where m = mass of the hanging portion of the chain =
R = -v

M
x,
L

dm
M
M
= v v = v2
dt
L
L

substituting the expression for m in equation (i) we obtain,

M
M
M
x g v 2 x a
L
L
L
gx v2 = x (v

dv
)
dx

. . . (ii)

Let v2 = kx
2v dv = k. dx

vdv
vdv
k
k
=
( putting
= )
dx
2
dx
2

& v2 = kx in (ii) we obtain,

2
k
(g k ) k = g
2
3

v2 = (2/3) gx

u
v

y
x

u
v'

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Problem 4:

A block of mass m moving with a velocity v0 on a smooth horizontal

floor collides with a light spring of stiffness k that is rigidly fixed
horizontally with a vertical wall. If the maximum force imparted by the
spring on the block is F, then:
(A) F

(B) F

(C) F v 0

Solution :

Problem 6 :

Energy conservation
between the positions A
and B
PE+ KE = 0
1 2 1

kx - m v 20 =0
2
2
m
x=
v0
k

v0

Solution :

B
m

(A) ma t

(B) mgat

(C) m(a+g)gt

(D ) m(a+g)at
v

Instantaneous
power delivered = P

= F.v = Fv
where, F f = ma
F = f + ma
P = (f + ma) v
Put f = mg
P = (mg + ma)v = m(a + g).at

a
m

Problem 7:

km v 0

A particle moves with a velocity 5 i 3 j 6 k m/s under the influence of

a constant force F ( 10 i 10 j 20 k )N . The instantaneous power

applied to the particle is:
(A) 200 J/s

(B) 40 J/s

(C) 140 J/s

(D) 170 J/s

A particle of mass m moves on the x-axis under the influence of a force

of attraction towards the origin O given by F = -k/x i . If the particle
starts from rest at a distance a from the origin the speed it will attain to
reach the origin will be:
2

Solution :

A block of mass m is moving with a constant acceleration a on a rough

horizontal plane. If the coefficient of friction between the block and
ground is , the power delivered by the external agent after a time t
from the beginning is equal to:
2

(D) None of these

F max = kx =
F max k
m
v0.
Problem 5:

RSM79-P1-WEP-PH-28

(A)

2k a x
m ax

(C)

k ax
m a x

F=

1/2

(B)

2k a x
m ax

(D)

m a x
2 k ax

Solution :

1/ 2

1/ 2

Problem 8:

k
x2

vdv
k
2
dx
x
k dx
vdv =
m x2
m

Solution :

k 1 1
v
k 1

= m x a
2
m x a

v=

A spring placed horizontally on a rough horizontal surface is

compressed against a block of mass m placed on the surface so as to
store maximum energy in the spring. If the coefficient of friction
between the block and the surface is , the potential energy stored in
the spring is
(A)

2 m 2 g2
2k

(B)

2 m 2 g 2
k

(C)

2 m2 g
2k

(D)

3 2 mg 2
k

dx

vdv m x 2
0

P = F.v
= (5 i 3 j + 6 k ) .(10 i + 10 j + 20 k )
= 50 30 + 120
= 140 J/s

2k (a x)
.
m ax

Fmax

For equilibrium of the

block
Fmax - mg = 0
F = mg
F 2 2m2g2
U=

2k
2k

m
mg

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Problem 9:

Solution :

Problem 10:

Solution :

Problem 11:

Solution :

Problem 12:

Solution :

An object of mass m is tied to a string of length L and a variable

horizontal force is applied on it which starts at zero and gradually
increases until the string makes an angle with the vertical. Work done
by the force F is:
(A) mgL(1-sin )
(B) mgL
(C) mgL(1-cos)
(D )mgL(1+cos)

Work done by the external force

= E of the system (object)
= PE ( KE 0 )
= mgh = mg (L L cos )
= mgL (1 cos ).

RSM79-P1-WEP-PH-30

Solution :

L cos

m
h
m

T2

v V

t T

t2

Problem 14 :

A body moving at 2m/s can be stopped over a distance x. If its kinetic

energy is doubled, how long will it go before coming to rest, if the
retarding force remains unchanged ?
(A) x
(B) 2x
(C) 4x
(D) 8x

Solution :

If R = resistance
Rx1 =KE1 = KE
Rx2 = KE2 =2KE
x
(ii) (i) 2 2
x1
x2 = 2x1 = 2x

Problem 15 :

An electric motor creates a tension of 4500 N in hoisting cable and

reels it at the rate of 2 m/s. What is the power of electric motor?
(A) 15 KW
(B) 9 KW
(C) 225 W
(D) 9000 H.P.

P = T.v (numerically)
= 4500 2 = 9000 W = 9 kw
A body is acted upon by a force which is inversely proportional to the
distance covered. The work done will be proportional to:
2
(A) s
(B) s
(C) s
(D) None of the above

W = F.ds

sds = kln (s/s1)

(A)
(C) v

Solution :

(B)

v
5/3

(D) v

Power = Fv = m

v
2
2

dv
(v) v
dt

dv
= k0v
where k0 = constant
dt
dv
dv
m
= k0
mv
= k0
dt
dx
k0
vdv =
dx
m
integrating both sides ,

mv

vdv

A body starts from rest with uniform acceleration and acquires a

velocity V in time T. The instantaneous kinetic energy of the body the
body in time t is proportional to:
2
2
(A) (V/T)t
(B) (V /T)t
(C) (V2/T2)t
(D) (V2/T2)t2

. .. (i)
. . . (ii)

A machine delivers power to a body which is proportional to velocity of

the body. If the body starts with a velocity which is almost negligible;
then distance covered by the body is proportional to

s1

Problem 13:

V2

Work done against friction

= - work done by friction
= mg cos s.

mV
t
2 T

K.E.

When a body of mass M slides down an inclined plane of inclination ,

having coefficient of friction through a distance s, the work done
against friction is:
(A) Mg cos s
(B) Mg sin s
(C) Mg ( cos sin )s
(D) None of the above

KE = (1/2) mv2
m
=
(at )2
2

k0
dx
m0

v
k
0x
2
m
hence, displacement is proportional to square of instantaneous
velocity.

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FIITJEE Ltd., ICES House, Sarvapriya Vihar (Near Hauz Khas Bus Terminal), New Delhi - 16, Ph : 26515949 , 26865182, 26854102, Fax :

26513942

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