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WHOLE MOUNT
1. Area Opaca
-
Peripheral region surrounding area pellucida and in contact with the yolk
(dark color & nutrition)
3 zones
a. Peripheral region
Margin of growth
Cells proliferate but no contact with the yolk
b. Zone junction
Intermediate region where cells cut free from the yolk and
are added to the area pellucida
c. Inner zone
Germ wall
Originates from zone junction and have yolk granules
Transition region for the area pellucida
2 regions
a. Vasculosa
Inner region
Thickening of splanchnic mesoderm
Forms BLOOD ISLANDS
b. Vitellina
Outer region
No blood islands
2. Area Pellucida
-
3. Primitive streak
-
4. Proamnion
-
5. Neural folds
-
Margins of the neural plate that will fuse at the mid dorsal region
Longitudinal band of cells extending causal from the region of the neural
folds to the Hensens node
6. Neural groove
7. Head fold
8. Notochord
9. Foregut
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1. Head ectoderm
-
2. Neural folds
3.
4.
5.
6.
Anterior neuropore
Neural groove
Prechordal plate
Notochord
Small medial mass between the foregut and the neural plate
Where floor of the foregut is in contact with the neural ectoderm of the head
BREAKS OPEN TO BECOME THE MOUTH
Synonym: oropharyngeal membrane
7. Foregut
8. Oral plate
9. Mesenchyme
10. Proamnion
11.
12.
13.
15.
16.
Subcephalic pocket
Somatopleure
Splanchnopleure
Coelom
Subgerminal cavity
-
Tube of tissue by thickening and rolling up the neural plate during neurulation
Forms the BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
1. Neural tube
2. Neural Crest
3. Head fold
- Downward bend of the membranes around the head region
4. Anterior Intestinal Portal (AIP)
- Opening of the foregut in developing amniotes
- Gut elongates and moves posteriorly to BECOME PART OF THE YOLK SAC
5. Amnio-Cardiac Vesicle
- Region of the coelom
- Give rise to the HEART AND AMNION
- Thickened splanchnic mesoderm makes the proximal wall of the semi-cardiac
vesicle = forerunner of the heart
- Dorsal wall of the vesicle, somatopleure, = AMNION
- Middle part contains the yolk = MIDGUT
- Embryo was removed from the yolk for fixation, yolk at the bottom
6. Midgut
- Floorless region posterior to the AIP
1. Somites
Dorsal mesoderm
2. Nephrotome
Intermediate mesoderm
3. Hypomere
Lateral plate mesoderm
1. Primitive streak
-
33 hour chick
Whole mount
1. Prosencephalon
-
2. Optic Vesicle
3. Infundibulum
4. Prosocoel
5. Mesencephalon
6. Rhombencephalon
-
7. Spinal cord
8.
9.
10.
11.
Sinus rhomboidalis
Notochord
Nephrotome
Somites
-
b. Blood islands
Masses of splanchnic mesoderm
Form FIRST RED BLOOD CELLS AND BLOOD VESSELS
Found in the guts of wall of amphibians and yolk sac in
amniotes
c. Proamnion
Anterior region surrounding the head in avians
Only ectoderm and endoderm
Become INVADED WITH MESODERM AND INCORPORATED IN
AMNION
d. Subcephalic pocket
Cavity formed beneath the embryonic head as head fold
develops
TRANSVERSE SECTION
Section at the level of the Optic Nerve
Optic vesicles as lateral bulges of prosencephalon
Optic vesicles are forerunners of the retina
Overlies the head ectoderm
Induce ectoderm to thicken = LENS VESICLES
Proamnion consists of an ectodermal layer which will eventually be gone
Lack of mesoderm makes it stain pale in whole mounts
1. Prosencephalon
2. Anterior neuropore
3. Prosocoel
Forebrain
Consists of median vesicle and lateral out pocketing per side
Median cleft at the anterior tip of the neural tube
Indicates that neural folds have not yet fused
a. Optic vesicle
Paired lateral evaginations
prosencephalon
Contains opticoel
b. Opticoels
on
the
sides
of
the
4. Lens placode
-
Fold of somatopleure arising first at the the head, the at the sides, then at the
caudal end
Fusion of the amniotic folds = INNER AMNION AND OUTER CHORION
5. Infundibulum
6. Amniotic fluid
7. Yolk Sac
-
Fills up the space between the foregut and the neural plate
8. Head ectoderm
9. Mesenchyme
10. Neural crest
Migrate to form GANGLIA, PIGMENT CELLS, PARTS OF THE GILL ARCHES, ETC.
Cavity formed benath the head as the head folds develop
Central region of blastodisc
Forms PRIMITIVE STREAK
Lies over the subgerminal cavity and is translucent because of the thinness of
the blastoderm
a. Epiblast: outer = ectoderm and mesoderm
b. Hypoblast: inner
13. Coelom
-
Inner region
Thickening of splanchnic mesoderm
Forms BLOOD ISLANDS
15. Proamnion
16. Foregut
1. Mesencephalon
- Oval brain vesicle posterior to the prosencephalon
2. Anterior cardinal veins
- Paired blood vessels lying at the lateral sides of the mesencephalon
3. Pharynx
- Region of the foregut
4. Dorsal aorta
- Large, paired blood vessels dorsal to the pharynx
5. Stomadeum
- Shallow midventral depression in the ectoderm
- Forerunner of the buccal cavity
6. Oral plate
- Thickened area formed by the ventral ectoderm of the head and the
adjacent endodermal evagination of the pharynx
7. Ventral aorta
- Small paired blood vessels lying below the pharynx, one on each side of a
median depression in the floor of a foregut
8. First aortic arches
- Blood vessels that connect the dorsal aorta with the ventral aorta
- Anterior sections at the anterolateral region of the foregut
Median unpaired vessel formed by the fusion of the paired ventral aortae
Anterior chamber of the heart which connects the ventricle to the ventral
aorta
Synonym: bulbos cordis, conus arteriosus, truncus arterioisus
2. Bulbus arteriosus
3. Epimyocardium
-
4. Isthmus
5. Thyroid Gland
-
1. Atrium
-
Posterior level of the heart when it goes back to the middle part of the
pericardial cavity
Forerunner of the future auricles
2. Sinus venosus
- Caudal continuation of the atrium
- Dorsoventral flattened tube in the midline
3. Anterior intestinal portal
- Margin of the ventral opening of the gut into the yolk
- Floorless gut becomes the MIDGUT
-
4. Vitelline veins
- Paired large vessels that enter the atrium via sinus venosus
- Arise laterally onto the blastoderm
5. Anterior cardinal veins
- Pair of small blood vessels above the dorsal aortae and adjacent to the
rhombencephalon
Sections through the somites
1. Spinal cord
-
Longitudinal band of cells extending causal from the region of the neural
folds to the hensens node
2. Notochord
3. Somites
4. Nephrotome
5. Hypomere
6. Dorasal aortae
2. Hensens Node
- Large mass of compact cells displacing the notochord tissue
3. Unsegmented Mesoderm
- Somites are not yet divided
4. Primitive Streak
- Posterior section, neural groove has flattened and disappeared
- Remains of the primitive streak
5. Omphalomesenteric Vein
- Far out in the splanchnopleure