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Objectives of CIM
Develop the quality product at a competitive price.
Integrate and control the design and manufacturing processes.
Manage all the finances in the system.
Increase sales by controlling product demand.
Architecture of CIM
The architecture of CIM provides the structure of computer hardware
and software with appropriate interfaces for computer system in
manufacturing system to integrate information and business process.
Communication is the critical aspect of the CIM architecture to integrate.
In CIM environment, local area network (LAN) is needed on the shop
floor for data communication.
The CIM system becomes highly reliable and flexible with the use of
LAN.
The major way of connecting the CIM system together is to use the
international standards given by ISO.
Architecture of CIM
FUNCTIONS OF CIM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Marketing
Product Design
Planning
Purchase
Manufacturing Engineering
Factory Automation Hardware
Warehousing
Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Finance
Information Management
1. Marketing:
The need for a product is identified by the marketing division.
The specifications of the product, the projection of manufacturing
quantities and the strategy for marketing the product are also decided by the
marketing department.
Marketing also works out the manufacturing costs to assess the economic
viability of the product.
2. Product Design:
The design department of the company establishes the initial database for
production of a proposed product.
3. Planning:
The planning department takes the database established by the
design department and enriches it with production data and
information to produce a plan for the production of the product.
5. Manufacturing Engineering:
Manufacturing Engineering is the activity of carrying out the
production of the product, involving further enrichment of the
database with performance data and information about the production
equipment and processes.
7. Warehousing:
Warehousing is the function involving storage and retrieval of raw
materials, components, finished goods as well as shipment of items.
In todays complex outsourcing scenario and the need for just-in-time
supply of components and subsystems, logistics and supply chain
management assume great importance.
8. Finance:
Finance deals with the resources pertaining to money.
Planning of investment, working capital, and cash flow control,
realization of receipts, accounting and allocation of funds are the major
tasks of the finance departments.
9. Information Management:
Information Management is perhaps one of the crucial tasks in CIM.
This involves master production scheduling, database management,
communication,
manufacturing
systems
integration
and
management information systems.
Application engineering
Equipment procurement
Site preparation
Actual installation
Operation costs.
Benefits of CIM
Benefits
iv. Resource Data: This is closely related to operational data but describes
the resources involved in operations, such as materials, machines, human
resources and money.
xii. Preparing inspection programs including programs for CNC coordinate measuring machines [CNC CMMs].
The exchange of graphic information has been advanced with increasing
acceptance of Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES).
DATA BASE
Logical data:
Data independence:
OBJECTIVES OF DATABASE
Reduce or eliminate redundant data.
Provide security.
Share data among users.
Incorporate changes quickly and effectively.
Exercise effective control over data.
Simplify the method of using data.
Reduce the cost of storage and retrieval of data.
Improve accuracy and integrity of data.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
It consists of a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access
that data.
Database management involves:
Organize a database.
Add new data to the database.
Sort the data in some meaningful order.
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR
The person responsible for managing the database is often referred to as
database administrator.
DATABASE MODELS
There are three ways in which data can be organized:
Hierarchical
Network
Relational
HIERARCHICAL DATABASE
The nodes in level 2 are the
children of node at level 1.
The nodes at level 2 in turn
become parents of nodes in
level 3 and so on.
In a hierarchical model, data files are arranged in a tree like structure which
facilitates searches along branch lines; records are subordinated to other records
at a higher level.
Starting at the root of the tree, each file has a one-to-many relationship to its
branches.
A parent file can have several children. A good example of such an organization
might be a parts list, in which each product is composed of assemblies which are
in turn composed of sub assemblies and/or component parts.
Examples of hierarchical database management systems are IMS and SYSTEM
2000.
NETWORK DATABASE
The network database is a combination of several hierarchies in which child
files can have more than one parent file, thereby establishing a many-tomany relationship among data.
Examples of network database languages are TOTAL and IDMS.
Access to data is processed by associated application programs.
A limitation of both hierarchical and network systems is the restriction they
place on data access.
They both require that the rules of data access be defined when the data
structure is defined.
The access rules are difficult to modify after the database has been implemented.
They are suited for batch operations that are highly structured and repetitive
involving high transaction rates.
An entity set is a set of entities of the same type and is represented by a set of
attributes.
For each attribute there is a set of permitted values for domains. An entity
relationship model (E-R Model) is based on the perception of the real world
which consists of a set of entities and relationships among them.
and
v.
Till recently, this has not been the case. This lack of integration can often
be attributed to a lack of understanding of the mappings of data among
individual systems.
A CIM model is a methodology for expressing these mappings.
Several software models have been proposed to implement CIM.
The Resource View describes the structure of resources (Humans, machines, and
control and information systems).
The Organization View defines authorities and responsibilities.
planning
system
prepares
the
NIST-AMRF Model
A steady flow of instructions from the upper levels to the lower ones.
In order to control and synchronize parallel activities on each level, an
intensive horizontal data flow takes place.
Siemens model also incorporates a Computer Aided Organization
(CAO), which comprises accounting, personnel and finance.
(i)
Systems enabler:
This simplifies integration by establishing an infrastructure of
common system services to store and manage data, send and
receive data, present data view to users and applications, and
manage workflow among applications.
They provide additional services for families of applications that can be based on
the services provided by the system enablers at the enterprise level.
This provides a high degree of independence from computing platforms and
applications in data sharing.
REPOSITORY AND DATA STORE