PORTION SCALE

TYPES OF DIET
1. Normal Diet

Carb 50-55%
Pro 15-20%
Fat 25 - 35%

2. Vegetarian Diet
Vegan plant source only
Lacto vegetarian plant source, milk, milk product
Lacto-ovo vegetarian - plant source, milk, milk product, eggs
Types of food with amino acid sources :
o Cereals, tubers

o milk, milk product

o nuts kuaci, bijian
o nuts soya, green bean, peas, tempe, fucuk, peanut
Pediatric diet: 1-3 yrs 1000 kcal
4-6 yrs 1400 kcal
7-9 yrs 1800 kcal

3. Clear Liquid Diet

Liquid at r.t that has easy to digest nutrients, easy to absorp, minimal residul in GI
post-op, digestion prob
eg: glucose, polycose, honey, soup, meat extract, barley, filtered fruit juice
oral or tube

4. Nourishing Liquid Diet

enteral formula (long term)
- cant get enough nutrients from oral diet, malnutrition, in ICU, or pt who can only take
liquid diet
- 4 types : polymeric, elemental, modular, specific condition
pt who cant chew, swallow, eat solid food
eg for short term : choc drink powder, malt drinks, yogurt, ice cream
oral or tube
5. Blenderised Diet

eg: mixed porridge porridge + vege + fish/chicken + a bit oil

can drink or use straw , but not tube
for pt who got no teeth, cant chew, cant swallow cause of probs in mouth, esophagus,
laring; radiation at mouth part, kids or geriatric (old ppl)

6. Mixed Porridge Diet

6-12 mth baby but still need milk
geriatric
chew, swallow prob, soft food
7. Minced Diet
soft food
8. Soft Diet
same prob
also for pt who has diarrhea, vomit, sick, GI prob

avoid chilli, vinegar, spices

THERAPEUTIC DIET
9. Bland Diet

avoid food additives, spices, high fat food, chilli, vinegar, lime, sourish
for pt with GI irritation, gastritis, peptic ulcer, etc
less milk milk induce acid release
limit coffee, tea
avoid citrus fruits

10. Diabetic Diet

control sugar, weight

no sugary food
vege for lunch and dinner
advisable: high fiber food, no simple sugar, no saturated fats
divide the carbs throughout the day

11. Protein Modified Diet

low pro to decrease urea

high pro (>90g/day) malnutrition pt
for sepsis, post-op, burnt, trauma injury, cancer, pulmonary, hepatic (liver), kidney
high quality pro from animal

12. Fat Modified Diet

hepatic, bile, pancreas, absorption prob

use grill, steam, soup, stew
chicken fat and skin throw
skim milk instead of coconut milk & full cream milk

13. Low Cholesterol Diet Low Fat Diet

<300 mg cho
hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia
avoid egg yolk (2/week), internal organ
use the cooking method same as 12.
chicken skin & fats throw
margarine instead of butter

14. Low Salt / Sodium Diet

<1000mg
avoid processed food, cencaluk, belacan, sauces

15. Low/High Potassium Diet

hyper/hypokalemia
low K - kidney prob
- vege & fruits 2 servings/day
- cut vege > soak in water for 30-60 mins > change water

High K take more fruits, vege

16. Low Purine Diet

for gout

High purine food:

o Pro: liver, heart, meat, anchovy, sardine, crab, meat extract
o Beans : legumes, bean, lentils,peas
o Grains : bread, cereals, wholemeat, oat
o Vege : cabbage, spinach, mushroom, avocado, asparagus
avoid alcohol, less fat

17. Low Phosphate Diet

for hyperphosphataemia, kidney probs

limit fish, prawn, meat vein
carbs take complex carbs

18. Low Oxalate Diet

has stones (calcium oxalate)

avoid beans, sweet potato, celery, choc, coffee, tea, blackberry, beer

19. Low Vit K Diet

interaction with Warfarin

vit K usually in vege

Limit high vit K food : kalian, spinach, parsley, broccoli, cabbage, salad, green sawi,
white sawi, soya, tauhu, canola oil, mayonnaise, green tea

20. VMA Diet (vanilluylmandelic)

for phaeochromocytoma = neuroblastoma = vascular tumour of adrenal medulla (above

kidney) > irregular epi & norepinephrine > bp, palpitation, headache
a 3 day test in urine
avoid: vanilla, biscuit, cake, tea, coffee, choc, coke, citrus fruit, banana,
custard, ice cream, sugar, nuts, tomato, asparagus, eggplant

21. Fecal Fat Test

100g/day (high fat) usual is 70g/day

this test is for steahorrhea

22. Low Fiber & Residue Diet

easy to digest food

for ulcerative colitis, Crohns, diverticulitis, esophageal stenosis, & to decrease shitting
avoid nuts, legumes
vege < 2 serving/day
milk < 1 serving/day

23. High Fiber

20-35g/day
for GI, CVD, colon cancer, diverticulitis, constipation, IBS, Crohns, obese, hypercho
take oat, tubers, ubi, nuts

24. Gliadin/Gluten Free Diet

for nontropical sprue, celiac sprue, dermatitis herpetiformis

avoid rye, oat, barley,grains
can eat rice, corn

25. Lactose Free Diet

less milk so take Ca supplement, vit A,D, riboflavin

26. Tonsilectomy Diet

soft food
eat ice cream, milk, barley, the, milo cold de on operation day
a day after op soup, egg, fish, chicken, vege but soft one
not advisable hot food