Votano 100 User Manual Enu

VOTANO 100
User Manual
VOTANO 100 User Manual
Manual Version: VOTANO100UM.ENU.4

This manual refers to version 1.30 of the VOTANO 100 firmware and the VOTANO PC software.
OMICRON electronics 2015. All rights reserved.
This manual is a publication of OMICRON electronics GmbH.
All rights including translation reserved. Reproduction of any kind, for example, photocopying,
microfilming, optical character recognition and/or storage in electronic data processing systems,
requires the explicit consent of OMICRON electronics. Reprinting, wholly or in part, is not permitted.
The product information, specifications, and technical data embodied in this manual represent the
technical status at the time of writing and are subject to change without prior notice.
We have done our best to ensure that the information given in this manual is useful, accurate and entirely
reliable. However, OMICRON electronics does not assume responsibility for any inaccuracies which
may be present.
The user is responsible for every application that makes use of an OMICRON product.
OMICRON electronics translates this manual from the source language English into a number of other
languages. Any translation of this manual is done for local requirements, and in the event of a dispute
between the English and a non-English version, the English version of this manual shall govern.
Contents
Contents
Using This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Safety Symbols Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Safety Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1.1
1.2
Operator Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Safety Standards and Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Operating the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Orderly Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
2.1
Designated Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mains Connection Unit and Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interfaces (VBO1 and PC Connection). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compact Flash Card Slot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I/0 Key with Status LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Display with Soft Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
17
17
18
18
19
20
21
VBO1 Voltage Booster Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Designated Use of the VOTANO 100/VBO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Designated Use of the VBO1 High-Voltage Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Test Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Definition: VT and CVT/CCVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
VOTANO 100 Test Set Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
2.4.7
2.4.8
Safety Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Safety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grounding Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D-Sub 9 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency Stop Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
23
23
24
25
License-Depending Functional Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

About the Automatic Wiring Check Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Scope of Delivery, Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Setup and Test Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

3.1
3.2
Preparing the Test Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Setting Up the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Running a Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.1
Guided Voltage Transformer Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.2
4.3
5.7
5.8
5.9
44
44
44
45
Connection for Primary Short-Circuit Impedance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Connection for Winding Resistance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Connection for Secondary Short-Circuit Impedance Measurement . . . . . . . . . 54
Connection for Excitation Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Connection for CVT/CCVT Ratio Measurement (CVTs/CCVTs Only!) . . . . . . . 58
Connection for CVT/CCVT Inductive Ratio Measurement
(CVTs/CCVTs Only!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Connection for VT Ratio Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Connection for Ad Hoc Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Disconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Operating and Configuring the VOTANO 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

6.1
Working in the User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
Available Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Working in the File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.7.1
6.7.2
6.8
Displaying a Specific Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Using the Soft Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Editing a Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
The Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Guided VT-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Ad Hoc Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
File Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.6.1
6.6.2
Available Options in the Settings Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Default Test Card Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Tools (Update Functions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

6.8.1
6.8.2
Preparing the Test Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting Up the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecting the Test Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Running an Ad Hoc Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecting and Disconnecting the Test Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
32
35
35
35
38
Simulation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Ad Hoc Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
Test Sequence Overview for a Guided Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preparing the Test Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifying the Voltage Transformer Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Running a Guided Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Available Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Update Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Contents
6.8.3
Update Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.9 VOTANO 100 Help System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

6.10 Operating the VOTANO 100 from a Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
The VOTANO 100 Test Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

7.1
7.2
Overview of Test Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Asset Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.3
Secondary Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.7.5
Available Soft Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Settings and Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ratio Error Table and Phase Displacement Table for IEC Standards . . . . . .
Ratio Error Table and Phase Displacement Table for IEEE and
ANSI Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ratio Error Table and Phase Displacement Table for
Voltage Transformers with Multiple Secondary Windings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
101
102
103
104
Assessment Conditions for VTs according to IEC 60044-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Assessment Conditions for VTs according to IEC 61869-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assessment Conditions for VTs according to IEEE C57.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assessment Conditions for CVTs according to IEC 60044-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assessment Conditions for CVTs according to IEC 61869-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assessment Conditions for CCVTs according to ANSI C93.1 . . . . . . . . . . . .
106
106
107
107
108
108
Comment Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
VOTANO PC Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111

8.1
8.2
8.3
91
91
94
96
Assessment Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

7.8.1
7.8.2
7.8.3
7.8.4
7.8.5
7.8.6
7.9
Available Soft Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Parameter Fields to be Filled by the User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting the TSB (Total Simultaneous Burden, IEC standards only) . . . . . . . . .
Changing the Default Burden Distribution Manually (IEC standards only) . . . .
S/C Impedance Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Resistance Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Excitation Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Ratio Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.7.1
7.7.2
7.7.3
7.7.4
7.8
Available Soft Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Parameter Fields to be Filled by the User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Installing the VOTANO PC Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
The VOTANO Start Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
Mains Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Measurement Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Ratio and Phase Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
9.4.1
Accuracy Values for Inductive Voltage Transformers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
9.4.2
9.5
9.6
Compact Flash Card Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

D-Sub 9 Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
9.6.1
9.6.2
9.7
9.8
Accuracy Values for Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CVT) and

Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CCVT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Interface on VOTANO 100 & MAIN UNIT Interface on VBO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

EMERGENCY STOP Interface on VBO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
USB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
9.8.1
9.8.2
Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Shock and Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
9.9 Mechanical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

9.10 Safety Standards, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
10
User Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
11
Care and Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Replacing Fuses on the VOTANO 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Calibrating the VOTANO 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Function Test for the Emergency Stop Button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Error and Warning Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
24/7 Technical Support Get Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Customer Area Stay Informed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
OMICRON Academy Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Using This Manual
Using This Manual

This User Manual provides information on how to use the VOTANO 100 test set
and the VBO1 voltage booster safely, properly and efficiently. The VOTANO 100
User Manual contains important safety instructions for working with the
VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 and gets you familiar with operating the equipment.
Read and observe the safety rules described in chapter 1 "Safety Instructions"
on page 9 and all relevant connection and operation instructions. Following the
instructions in this User Manual will help you to prevent danger and repair costs,
and avoid possible down time due to incorrect operation.
The VOTANO 100 User Manual always has to be available at the site where the
VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 are used. The users of the VOTANO 100 and the
VBO1 must read this manual before operating the devices and observe the
safety, installation, and operation instructions therein.
Reading the VOTANO 100 User Manual alone does not release you from the
duty to comply with all relevant national and international safety regulations
relevant to working on high-voltage equipment.
Safety Symbols Used

In this manual, the following symbols indicate safety instructions for avoiding
hazards.
DANGER
Death or severe injury will occur if the appropriate safety instructions are not
observed.
WARNING
Death or severe injury can occur if the appropriate safety instructions are not
observed.
CAUTION
Minor or moderate injury may occur if the appropriate safety instructions are
not observed.
NOTICE
Equipment damage or loss of data possible
Safety Instructions
Safety Instructions
1.1
Operator Qualifications
Working on high-voltage assets can be extremely dangerous. Consequently,
only personnel qualified, skilled and authorized in electrical engineering and
trained by OMICRON are allowed to operate the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1.
Before starting to work, clearly establish the responsibilities.
Personnel receiving training, instructions, directions, or education on the
VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 must be under constant supervision of an
experienced operator while working with the equipment. The operator is
responsible for the safety requirements during the whole test.
1.2
Safety Standards and Rules
1.2.1
Safety Standards
Testing with the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 must comply with the internal
safety instructions and additional safety-relevant documents.
In addition, observe the following safety standards, if applicable:
EN 50191 (VDE 0104) "Erection and Operation of Electrical Test

Equipment"
EN 50110-1 (VDE 0105 Part 100) "Operation of Electrical Installations"
IEEE 510 "IEEE Recommended Practices for Safety in High-Voltage and

High-Power Testing"
Moreover, observe all applicable regulations for accident prevention in the

country and at the site of operation.
Before operating the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1, read the safety instructions
in this User Manual carefully.
Do not turn on the VOTANO 100 and do not operate the VOTANO 100 and the
VBO1 without understanding the safety information in this manual. If you do not
understand some safety instructions, contact OMICRON before proceeding.
Maintenance and repair of the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 is only permitted by
qualified experts at OMICRON service centers (see "Support" on page 133).
1.2.2
Safety Rules
Always observe the five safety rules:
Disconnect completely.
Secure against re-connection.
Verify that the installation is dead.
Carry out grounding and short-circuiting.
Provide protection against adjacent live parts.
1.3
Operating the Measurement Setup

The safety instructions given here always apply when operating the
VOTANO 100. They are supplemented by further notes and warnings applicable
for specific actions only. Such specific notes and warnings are given where
necessary in this user manual.
In addition to the safety instructions given in this manual, always observe the
applicable company-internal safety instructions and safety documents.
In case of any problems or questions, or if you do not understand some safety
instructions, contact the OMICRON Technical Support (refer to
chapter "Support" on page 133).
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
Switch off the high voltage. Always obey the five safety rules and follow the
safety instructions.
Always deactivate the outputs of the VBO1 voltage booster by actuating
the emergency stop button before entering the high-voltage area during the
test.
Before connecting or disconnecting any leads, use a grounding rod
to discharge all terminals of the voltage transformer,
and to ground the high-voltage terminals of the voltage transformer.
WARNING
For some measurements, the VOTANO 100 injects voltage to the secondary
side of the voltage transformer. This may cause high voltages on the primary
terminals of the voltage transformer.
Do not touch the primary terminals of the voltage transformer during the
test.
Before performing tests, observe the following instructions:
Do not touch any terminals without a visible connection to ground.
Always be aware of the danger of the high voltages and currents associated
with this equipment. Pay attention to the information provided in this user
manual.
Always position the VOTANO 100 and the emergency stop button on dry,
solid ground in the safe area outside of the high-voltage area.
Position the VOTANO 100 so that you can easily disconnect it from mains.
Before putting the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 into operation, check the
equipment for visible damages.
Use the VOTANO 100, the VBO1 and the accessories only in a technically
sound condition and when their use is in accordance with the safety
regulations for the specific job site and application.
10
Safety Instructions
The mains cable for the VOTANO 100 must be rated for the nominal voltage
and current specified in chapter 9 on page 113. It is recommended to use
the cable supplied with the test set.
Only use original cables and accessories available from OMICRON.
When taking the VOTANO 100 into operation, make sure that the air slots,
the power switch and the power supply plug at the test set are not obstructed
and that the test set can be easily disconnected from mains.
If the VOTANO 100, the VBO1 or any accessory seems to be functioning
improperly, please contact the OMICRON Technical Support (refer to
chapter "Support" on page 133).
Do not operate the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 when explosive gas or
vapors are present.
Do not operate the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 under ambient conditions
that exceed the temperature and humidity limits listed in chapter
9 "Technical Data" on page 113.
Do not open the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1. Opening the VOTANO 100 or
the VBO1 invalidates all warranty claims. Do not repair, modify, extend, or
adapt the VOTANO 100, the VBO1 or any accessories.
Do not insert objects (for example, screwdrivers etc.) into the ventilation
slots or any input/output sockets.
Never remove any cables from the VOTANO 100/VBO1 or the test object
during a test.
When disconnecting cables, always start at the device feeding the power.
Do not stand right next to or directly underneath a connection point because
the clamps may fall off and touch you.
Full compliance with the regulations also includes following the instructions
provided in this User Manual.
Always remove all unused cables from the test object. Pay particular
attention not to leave any unused cables connected to the primary terminals.
1.4
Orderly Measures
The VOTANO 100 User Manual or alternatively the e-book has always to be
available on the site where the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 are being used.
The users of the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 must read this manual before
operating the devices and observe the safety instructions and all relevant
instructions for connection and operation.
The VOTANO 100 may be used only as described in this User Manual. Any
other use is not in accordance with the regulations. The manufacturer and the
distributor are not liable for damage resulting from improper usage. The user
alone assumes all responsibility and risk.
Following the instructions provided in this User Manual is also considered part
of being in accordance with the regulations.
Opening the VOTANO 100, the VBO1 or the accessories invalidates all warranty
claims.
11
1.5
Disclaimer
If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the
protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
12
Introduction
Introduction
2.1
Designated Use
2.1.1
Designated Use of the VOTANO 100/VBO1

The VOTANO 100 test set and the VBO1 voltage booster are intended to
perform guided testing and calibration of voltage transformers in laboratories as
well as on-site. The voltage transformers can be calibrated regarding to the ratio
error and the phase displacement. The following voltage transformers can be
tested:
Inductive voltage transformers (VT)
Capacitor voltage transformers (CVT)
Coupling capacitor voltage transformers (CCVT)
For CVT/CCVT voltage transformers, please observe the restrictions in

section 2.2.
The following measurements can be performed using the VOTANO 100 and the
VBO1:
Secondary short-circuit impedance measurement
Secondary winding resistance measurement
Secondary excitation characteristics measurement
Transformer ratio measurement
The VOTANO 100 test set and the VBO1 voltage booster must only be used as
a combination of these two devices. It is not permitted to use the VOTANO 100
or the VBO1 standalone without the other device connected properly as
described in chapter 3 "Setup and Test Preparation" on page 27.
The VOTANO 100 test set and the VBO1 voltage booster are exclusively
intended for the applications described above. Any other use is deemed not to
be according to the regulations. The manufacturer and the distributor are not
liable for damage resulting from improper usage. The user alone assumes all
responsibility and risk.
2.1.2
Designated Use of the VBO1 High-Voltage Cables

The VBO1 high-voltage cables are specifically
designed for use with the VOTANO 100 and the
VBO1. These cables have to be used for the ratio
measurement and to short-circuit the primary
terminals of the voltage transformer during the
primary short-circuit impedance measurement.
The VBO1 high-voltage cables are exclusively
intended for this application. Any other use is
deemed not to be according to the regulations.
13
2.2
Test Restrictions
The VOTANO 100 test set is designed to test voltage transformers (see section
2.1 on page 13) used in electrical power systems. The test concept is based on
the mathematical model of a standard inductive voltage transformer and uses
test signals below the nominal voltage and above and below the nominal
frequency.
The information below shall help to identify which types of voltage transformers
cannot be tested with the expected accuracy (as stated in chapter 9 on
page 113) or cannot be tested at all with the VOTANO 100.
Inductive voltage transformers with open core design

Such types of voltage transformers cannot be tested using the VOTANO 100
due to their special core design.
Capacitor voltage transformers (CVT) and coupling capacitor

voltage transformers (CCVT)
CVTs/CCVTs with an integrated damping unit that cannot be accessed from
outside to open the damping circuit during the test cannot be tested accurately
with the VOTANO 100. The damping unit is frequency-selective and optimized
to the nominal frequency of the CVT/CCVT. Measurements made with signals
below and above the nominal frequency are therefore affected by the damping
unit.
CVTs/CCVTs where the connection of the NHF terminal to ground cannot be
opened during the test cannot be tested with the VOTANO 100.
Voltage transformers that are equipped with additional

devices for turns correction
Additional devices for turns correction installed inside the voltage transformer
(for example, an additional inductive voltage transformer) might influence the
VOTANO 100 measurement results.
14
Introduction
2.3
Definition: VT and CVT/CCVT

VTs are usual inductive voltage transformers (so-called potential transformers
(PT)).
CVTs/CCVTs are capacitively coupled voltage transformers that use a
combination of a capacitor voltage divider and a voltage transformer to step
down high voltages. In the ANSI standard they are referred to as CCVTs. In the
IEC standards they are referred to as CVTs.
The following figure explains the difference between a VT and a CVT/CCVT.
Simplified representation
of a VT
Simplified representation
of a CVT/CCVT
Figure 2-1
VT and CVT/CCVT
15
2.4
VOTANO 100 Test Set Hardware
2.4.1
Overview
Figure 2-2 provides an overview of the operating and display elements and the
connectors of the VOTANO 100 test set.
Output
Generator output
(connected to
VBO1)
Display
with context-dependent
keys ("soft keys")
Keyboard
with cursor keys and
card selection keys
Input 1, Input 2
Voltage measurement inputs
(connected to VBO1)
Figure 2-2
16
D-Sub 9 interface
(power supply and
communication interface to
VBO1)
USB interface
for PC
connection
I/0 key
with status LEDs
VOTANO 100 overview
Grounding
terminal
Compact Flash
card slot
Mains connection unit

Mains socket with fuse and
ON/OFF switch
Introduction
2.4.2
Mains Connection Unit and Grounding
Mains socket (IEC320)

Mains fuse: 2 x T6.3A / 250V,
high breaking capacity
ON/OFF switch
Grounding terminal (knurled nut)
Figure 2-3
2.4.3
Mains connection unit and grounding terminal
Interfaces (VBO1 and PC Connection)
To VBO1
D-Sub 9 interface:
Communication with VBO1
To PC
USB interface (type B connector):
Communication with PC
Use the original USB cable delivered by
OMICRON or a shielded USB cable with
ferrite cores applied!
Figure 2-4
Interfaces to VBO1 and PC
17
2.4.4
Compact Flash Card Slot
Compact Flash card

Storage medium for test data.
Eject button
Press to eject the Compact Flash card.
Figure 2-5
2.4.5
Compact Flash card slot
I/0 Key with Status LEDs

Red LED on the left, green LED on the right.
I/0 key to start the test.
During the boot process after switching the VOTANO 100 on, both
LEDs are on. The red LED is switched off when the boot process is
finished and the VOTANO 100 is ready for operation.
Green LED on:
The VOTANO 100 is switched on and ready

for operation.
Red LED flashing:
Test is running or VOTANO 100 is

discharging energy stored in the test object.
Red LED steadily on: Device error.
18
Introduction
2.4.6
Inputs and Outputs

Output
Generator output (connected to VBO1).
AC: 40Vrms, 5Arms
DC: 120V, 15A
Input 1
Measurement input 1 (connected to VBO1).
300VAC max., 500k or 1M input impedance
(depending on the input voltage)
Input 2
Measurement input 2 (connected to VBO1).
30VAC max., 150k or 333k input impedance
(depending on the input voltage)
Figure 2-6
Inputs and outputs of the VOTANO 100
19
2.4.7
Display with Soft Keys

Card area with tab
Soft key description

fields
Soft keys, labeled by the soft

key description fields
Mandatory
parameters that
require user input
prior to the test are
marked with a star
Status line
Edit fields are underlined by dotted lines.

Display fields are not underlined
If 3 points are visible in the lowermost soft

key description field (see dashed arrow),
this key can be used to open an additional
set of soft keys
A scrollbar is displayed if the content of a card is too long to be displayed at a time.

Use the up/down cursor keys on the keyboard to scroll through the card.
Figure 2-7
Display with context-dependent soft keys
The following icons may be displayed in the status line:

The VBO1 voltage booster is connected to the VOTANO 100.
VBO1 overtemperature or undertemperature. Wait until the VBO1
has cooled down or warmed up.
Remote control. The VOTANO 100 is connected to a computer and
a tool of the VOTANO PC software running on that computer has
established connection to the VOTANO 100.
The keyboard on the VOTANO 100 is locked
until the ongoing test is finished if a test was started by the

VT Measurement Manager software tool or
until the update process is finished if an update is performed by

the VOTANO Update tool.
The VOTANO 100 is in simulation mode. The left part of the status
line displays the file name of the test file currently loaded for
simulation. Please refer to section 4.2 on page 42.
20
Introduction
2.4.8
Keyboard
Figure 2-8
Keyboard
Numeric / character keys for entering values and text.
After pressing a key, the status line displays the character
set available for this key. Press the key as often as
required to scroll through the displayed character set. After
1 second or after pressing another key, the character
selected in the status line is entered into the edit field in
the display.
Note: To quickly change between letters and numerics,
hold the button pressed for a second.
Press this key to enter capital letters.
Press this key to display the context-sensitive help system
(see section 6.9 on page 85).
Press this key to delete the character left of the cursor
position.
Press this key to leave an edit field without applying a
change or to leave the edit mode of a card, or to go one
level back in the user interface level.
The Asset card is the top user interface level. Pressing
this key several times will always bring you back to the
Asset card.
Press this key to apply a change for an edit field.
When working in the VOTANO 100 file system, use this
key to open a selected folder or to confirm to move back to
the next higher level in the file structure.
Use the card selector keys to display a specific card.
Use the cursor keys to select an edit field in the user
interface or to move the cursor within an edit field.
Use the
cursor key to enter the edit mode of a
displayed card.
21
2.5
VBO1 Voltage Booster Hardware
2.5.1
Overview
Figure 2-9 provides an overview of the operating elements and the connectors
of the VBO1 voltage booster.
High-voltage section
Connect this side for ratio tests
only!
Low-voltage section
Connect this side for winding
resistance, short-circuit impedance
and excitation tests.
High-voltage test connectors
Low-voltage test connectors
High-voltage output HV PRIMARY OUT:

To primary side of the test object.
To primary and secondary side of the test

object, connection as required for the
specific test step.
Low voltage input LV SECONDARY IN:

To secondary side of the test object.
Connection see chapter 5 on page 47.
Connection see chapter 5 on page 47.
D-Sub 9 interface for

external emergency
stop button.
D-Sub 9 interface to
VOTANO 100.
To VOTANO 100
Multipole connector for test cable to
VOTANO 100 during ratio tests.
Grounding
terminal
Figure 2-9
22
VBO1 overview
To VOTANO 100
Multipole connector for test cable to
VOTANO 100 during winding resistance,
short-circuit impedance and excitation tests.
Introduction
2.5.2
Grounding Terminal
Grounding terminal (knurled nut)
Figure 2-10
2.5.3
Grounding terminal
D-Sub 9 Interfaces
Use this D-Sub 9 connector to connect the emergency stop button
to the VBO1 voltage booster.
Actuating the emergency stop button switches off all test object
outputs and inputs of the VBO1 voltage booster.
Use this D-Sub 9 connector to connect the VBO1 voltage booster

to the VOTANO 100. This connection is used for communication
between the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1.
Figure 2-11
Interfaces for connecting the emergency stop button and the

VOTANO 100
23
2.5.4
Inputs and Outputs
2.5.4.1
HV RATIO TEST Inputs and Outputs
4mm banana sockets to connect the

secondary side of the test object to the VBO1
during the ratio tests.
High-voltage connector and 4mm banana socket to connect the

primary side of the test object to the VBO1 during the ratio tests.
Figure 2-12
HV PRIMARY OUT and LV SECONDARY IN on the VBO1

voltage booster
Multipole connector to connect the VOTANO 100 inputs and

outputs to the VBO1 during the ratio tests.
Insert the cable connector with the broad nose to the top and turn
it clockwise until it locks with a clearly audible click noise.
To disconnect the cable connector, pull the latch and turn the
cable connector counterclockwise until you can pull it off the
socket.
Figure 2-13
24
HV RATIO TEST input on the VBO1 voltage booster
Introduction
2.5.4.2
LV TEST Inputs and Outputs

4mm banana sockets to connect the test object to the
VBO1 during the impedance, resistance and
excitation tests.
Connect the test object as required for the specific
test step and as requested by the VOTANO 100. See
chapter 5 on page 47 for connection details.
Figure 2-14
Low-voltage outputs and inputs (test object side) on the VBO1

voltage booster
Multipole connector to connect the VOTANO 100 inputs and

outputs to the VBO1 during the impedance, resistance and
excitation tests.
Insert the cable connector with the broad nose to the top and turn it
clockwise until it locks with a clearly audible click noise.
To disconnect the cable connector, pull the latch and turn the cable
connector counterclockwise until you can pull it off the socket.
Figure 2-15
2.5.5
LV TEST input on the VBO1 voltage booster
Emergency Stop Button

Connect the emergency stop button to the
EMERGENCY STOP interface on the VBO1
voltage booster and position the emergency
stop button near the VOTANO 100 in the
safe area.
Actuating the emergency stop button
switches off all outputs and inputs of the
VBO1 voltage booster.
The emergency stop button can be locked in
the actuated position using a key and thus
enables the user to lock the measurement
setup in a safe condition.
Figure 2-16
Emergency stop button
Note: The correct function of the emergency stop button and its switching
contact has to be checked regularly using an ohmmeter or a continuity tester, for
example.
25
2.6
License-Depending Functional Scope

The functional scope provided by the VOTANO 100 depends on the licenses
actually available on the device.
This User Manual describes the full functional scope provided when the
complete set of licenses is available on the VOTANO 100. A lack of licenses
may primarily result in functional restrictions regarding the selectable standards,
classes, core types and frequencies as well as the availability of individual
measurement functions and/or test cards.
For up-to-date information about the licenses and packages available for the
VOTANO 100 please refer to the OMICRON website (see "Support" on
page 133).
2.7
About the Automatic Wiring Check Function

The automatic wiring check performed by the VOTANO 100 at the beginning of
a measurement is only intended as an aid for the user. Due to the high number
of potential errors, the results of this automatic wiring check cannot be regarded
as binding, and thus do not release the user from its full responsibility for the
correctness of all wiring performed for and during the test.
2.8
Scope of Delivery, Accessories

For up-to-date information about the scope of delivery and available accessories
for the VOTANO 100 please refer to the OMICRON website (see "Support" on
page 133).
26
Setup and Test Preparation
3.1
Preparing the Test Object

Prepare the test object as described in this section before setting up and
connecting the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1.
Safety first:
WARNING
Always deactivate the outputs of the VBO1 voltage booster by actuating
the emergency stop button before entering the high-voltage area.
WARNING
For some measurements, the VOTANO 100 injects voltage to the secondary
test.
Always observe the five safety rules:
Disconnect completely
Secure from re-connection
Verify that the installation is dead
Carry out grounding and short-circuiting
Provide protection against adjacent live parts
On the primary side of the voltage transformer:

Disconnect the supply voltage on both sides of the primary terminal.
Disconnection should be done as close as possible to the voltage
transformer. The remaining connection lines on the primary side of the
voltage transformer should be as short as possible in order to avoid any
coupling of voltages into these lines.
Connect the primary lines to ground on both sides.
Connect the primary high-voltage terminal of the voltage transformer to
ground.
Disconnect the voltage transformer completely from the supply line.
27
Disconnect the grounding of the primary terminal of the voltage transformer

only
when requested by the VOTANO 100 or by the test instructions given in
this manual,
and if necessary for a measurement.
On the secondary side of the voltage transformer:

For inductive voltage transformers (VT):
Make sure that the primary side of the voltage transformer is disconnected
from the supply lines and connected to ground as described above.
Disconnect the burden wiring (one side or both sides).
Connect the xn terminal of the secondary winding to ground (x is the number
of the secondary winding).
For capacitor voltage transformers (CVT) and coupling capacitor voltage
transformers (CCVT):
Make sure that the primary side of the voltage transformer is disconnected
from the supply lines and connected to ground as described above.
Disconnect the damping circuit.
Disconnect the surge arresters and the varistors.
Terminal NHF is connected to ground during normal operation. Disconnect
this grounding connection only if requested and required for the test.
3.2
Setting Up the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1

Note: Observe the following when setting up the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1:
For protection against parasitic currents and voltages, always connect the
grounding terminals of the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 to protective
ground (PE) using a solid connection of at least 6mm2.
To avoid measurement errors, always use the 4-wire connection technique
as shown in Figure 5-1 to Figure 5-12 to connect the test object to the
VBO1.
Proceed as follows to set up the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1. Refer to
Figure 3-1 on page 30.
1. Define a high-voltage area around the test object and secure this area
sufficiently against unauthorized access, for example using a barrier chain
and a warning sign.
2. Setup and connect the VBO1 voltage booster:
Position the VBO1 on dry, solid ground in the high-voltage area next to
the test object.
Connect the grounding terminal of the VBO1 (see section 2.5 on page
22) to protective ground (PE). Use a solid connection of at least 6mm2.
Use a ground point as close as possible to the test object.
28
3. Setup the VOTANO 100 test set:

Connect the grounding terminal of the VOTANO 100 (see section 2.4 on
page 16) to protective ground (PE). Use a solid connection of at least
6mm2. Use a ground point as close as possible to the test object.
Connect the VOTANO 100 to mains using the supplied power cord.
Supply the VOTANO 100 only from a power outlet that is equipped with
protective ground (PE).
An error message (901) appears if the PE connection is defective or if
the power supply has no galvanic connection to ground. This can be the
case in very special grid applications or if the VOTANO 100 is supplied
by a generator or an isolating transformer. The error message 901 is a
safety relevant message!
WARNING
Always make sure that protective ground and equipotential ground
are connected properly to ensure safe operation.
Connect the D-Sub 9 interface on the VOTANO 100 to the MAIN UNIT
D-Sub 9 interface on the VBO1 using the supplied cable.
Connect the VOTANO 100 input and output sockets to the LV TEST
multipole socket on the VBO1 using the supplied multipole test cable.
Connect the 4mm banana plugs of the multipole test cable to their
corresponding sockets on the VOTANO 100 as stated on the cable.
Connect the multipole connector of the cable to the LV TEST socket
on the VBO1. Insert the cable connector with the broad nose to the
top and turn it clockwise until it locks with a clearly audible click
noise.
Note: The LV TEST socket is used for the impedance, resistance and
excitation tests. For the ratio tests (which are performed at the end of the
test sequence), re-connection of the multipole connector to the
HV RATIO TEST socket is required.
Position the emergency stop button outside of the high-voltage area and
next to the VOTANO 100, and make sure that the emergency button is
actuated.
Connect the connection cable of the emergency stop button to the
EMERGENCY STOP connector on the VBO1.
4. The connection of the test object is done during the running test as
requested by the VOTANO 100 and depending on the specific
measurement. Observe the instructions given in this manual. Refer to
chapter 5 on page 47 for detailed descriptions how to connect the test object
for a specific measurement.
WARNING
Always deactivate the outputs of the VBO1 voltage booster by
actuating the emergency stop button before entering the high-voltage
area during the test.
29

VOTANO 100
UT
P
UT
UT
UT
INP
INP
Safe area
High-voltage area
VBO1
For ratio
test only
Connection of test
object as requested by
the VOTANO 100 and
depending on the
specific measurement.
See chapter 5 on
page 47.
For impedance,
resistance and
excitation test
30
EMERGENCY STOP
MAIN UNIT
Figure 3-1
Basic test setup: VOTANO 100 and VBO1
Running a Test
Running a Test
Section 4.1 on page 32 provides detailed descriptions on how to execute a
guided voltage transformer test using the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1.
Section 4.1.1 on page 32 provides an overview of such a test sequence.
Section 4.2 on page 42 shows how to perform a simulation of test results with
changed settings based on real measurement results using the VOTANO 100.
Section 4.3 on page 44 shows how to perform a quick ad hoc test to determine
the ratio of a voltage transformer.
When working with the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1, always observe the safety
instructions given in chapter 1 on page 9 and the connection instructions given
in chapter 5 on page 47.
31
4.1
Guided Voltage Transformer Test

This section provides detailed descriptions on how to execute a voltage
transformer test using the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1. Follow the sections
below in the given order to execute a test.
Always observe the safety instructions given in chapter 1 on page 9.
4.1.1
Test Sequence Overview for a Guided Test

This section provides an overview of a complete test sequence for a voltage
transformer. For more detailed information, please refer to section 4.1.2 on
page 35.
Observe the safety instructions given in chapter 1 on page 9.
Prepare the test object, see 3.1 on page 27.
Set up the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1, see 3.2 on page 28.
Specify the voltage transformer data in the Asset tab and the Secondary
tab, see 7.2 on page 88 and 7.3 on page 91.
Start the test
see next page
Figure 4-1
32
Test sequence overview (1)
Running a Test
from previous page
Primary short-circuit impedance

measurement
(see 5.1 on page 48)
This measurement has to be performed for
each secondary winding of the voltage
transformer, starting with the lowest
secondary winding (1a-1n).
Winding resistance measurement

transformer, starting with the highest
secondary winding (e.g., 4a-4n).
Number of secondary
windings available on the
voltage transformer > 1?
Yes
Secondary short-circuit impedance

measurement
No
Connect test object for secondary shortcircuit impedance measurement on winding

1a-1n.
see next page
Figure 4-2
33
from previous page
Excitation measurement
Connect test object for excitation
measurement on winding 1a-1n.
CVT/CCVT or VT?
CVT/CCVT
CVT/CCVT ratio measurement

VT
Connect test object for CVT/CCVT ratio

CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement

Connect test object for CVT/CCVT inductive
ratio measurement on winding 1a-1n.
VT ratio measurement
transformer, starting with the lowest
secondary winding (1a-1n).
Test finished.
Disconnect the test object as described in
section 5.9 on page 69.
Review and assess the measurement
results.
Figure 4-3
34
Running a Test
4.1.2

Prepare the test object as described in section 3.1 on page 27.
4.1.3

Set up the VOTANO 100 test set and the VBO1 voltage booster as described in
4.1.4
Specifying the Voltage Transformer Data

1. Proceed as follows to display the Asset card for a new guided voltage
transformer test.
If the VOTANO 100 is already switched on:
Press the Main soft key in any test card to display the main menu.
In the main menu, select "Guided VT-Test" and press the OK soft key to
initialize a new guided voltage transformer test.
The display shows the Asset card with the default settings.
If the VOTANO 100 is switched off:
Switch the VOTANO 100 on.
After the boot process is finished, the green LED is on and the red LED
is off.
The display shows the Asset card with the default settings.
2. Specify the voltage transformer data in the Asset card (see Figure 4-4).
Figure 4-4
Asset card with default settings
Location
Open the details page to enter general information about the

location where the voltage transformer is used: Company,
country, station, etc.
Object
Open the details page to enter general information about the

test object: Manufacturer, type and serial number.
Model
Select whether your voltage transformer under test is a VT or

a CVT/CCVT.
Standard
Standard to be applied for the test.
U-pr *
Rated primary voltage of the voltage transformer.
fr
Rated frequency of the voltage transformer.
35
Fv
Rated voltage factor up to which the voltage transformer

must fulfill the accuracy requirements.
Note: Only available if an IEC standard is selected.
Max. VBO1 Only available if enabled in the default test configuration (see
section 6.7.1 on page 77).
ratio test
voltage *
Use this parameter to define a reduced primary voltage for
the test. The primary voltage applied during the ratio test is
then limited to the voltage set in this field instead of the
voltage selected automatically according to the rated primary
voltage Upr (see section 7.2 on page 88).
* Parameters marked by a star are mandatory parameters. The test cannot
be started if specification for one of these parameters is missing.
Note: For more detailed information about an individual parameter, please
refer to section 7.2 on page 88.
3. Specify the voltage transformer data in the Secondary card (see Figure
4-5).
Figure 4-5
Secondary card with default settings
Nr. Wdgs.
Number of secondary windings available on the voltage

transformer (max. 5).
Res. Wdg.
Only displayed for IEC standards.

Select whether your voltage transformer has a residual
winding or not. The residual winding is named da-dn and
counted in the amount of secondary windings.
TSB
Only displayed for IEC standards and if number of windings

> 1.
Total simultaneous burden of the voltage transformer.
Enter the total simultaneous burden as stated on the name
plate and specify the burden distribution between the
secondary windings for each measurement. Refer to
sections 7.3.2 on page 91 and 7.3.3 on page 94 for more
detailed information.
36
Running a Test
Winding
Select the active winding to be specified by the parameters in

this card. Proceed as follows:
Select the first winding (for example, 1a-1n) and specify
the parameters (P/M, Class (M-Class/P-Class), Usr, Sr
and cos , for example) for this winding.
Select the second winding and specify the parameters for
this winding.
Proceed accordingly to specify the parameters for all
remaining windings.
P/M *
Only displayed for IEC standards and ANSI C93.1.

Type of the selected winding: protection or metering.
Class *
For IEC standards only displayed if the P/M parameter is set

to "metering". Always displayed for IEEE C57.13 and
ANSI C93.1.
Winding class of the selected winding.
M-Class
P-Class *
Only displayed for IEC 60044-2 and IEC 61869-3 and if the
P/M parameter is set to "protection".
P-Class: Protection class of the selected winding. Possible
values: Soft keys Class 3P, Class 6P.
M-Class: According to the IEC standards it is also possible to
select a metering class for a protection winding.
P-Class *
TP-Class
Only displayed for IEC 60044-5 and IEC 61869-5 and if the
P/M parameter is set to "protection".
TP-Class: Transient response class of the selected winding
according to IEC 60044-5 and IEC 61869-5.
U-sr *
Rated secondary voltage of the selected winding.

The voltage selected with the soft keys is the phase-phase
voltage (1/1). If necessary, use the /3 soft key to specify a
phase-ground voltage.
Sr *
Rated output of the selected winding.
Cos *
Power factor of the rated output specified (Sr or Burden

parameter).
Burden *
Only displayed for IEEE C57.13 and ANSI C93.1.

Standard burden of the selected winding.
* Parameters marked by a star are mandatory parameters. The test cannot

be started if specification for one of these parameters is missing.
Note: For more detailed information about an individual parameter, please
refer to section 7.3 on page 91.
37
4.1.5
Running a Guided Test

The example test procedure shown in this section is performed for a
CVT/CCVT providing 2 secondary windings without a residual winding.
After setting up the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 and specifying the voltage
transformer data, you can start the guided test procedure. Perform wiring and
rewiring work only when requested by the VOTANO 100, and exactly as
described in the respective section stated in red color at the steps below.
Proceed as follows:
Starting the test
1. Start the test by pressing the
key.
2. A message is displayed asking you to check the wiring for the primary shortcircuit impedance test.
Primary shortcircuit impedance
measurement
3. Connect the test object for the first primary short-circuit impedance
measurement (winding 1a-1n) as described in section 5.1 on page 48.
Figure 4-6 shows a schematic connection diagram.
Figure 4-6
Schematic connection diagram for primary short-circuit

impedance measurement on a CVT/CCVT
4. Press Start Test to execute the measurement. The red LED flashes during
the measurement on winding 1a-1n.
5. After completion of the measurement, the red LED is off and a message
appears asking you to rewire the test object for the primary short-circuit
impedance measurement on winding 2a-2n.
6. Connect the test object for the second primary short-circuit impedance
7. Press Start Test. The red LED flashes during the measurement on winding
2a-2n.
8. After completion of the measurement, the green LED is on and a message
appears asking you to rewire the test object for the next measurement.
38
Running a Test
Winding
resistance
measurement
9. Connect the test object for the first winding resistance measurement
(winding 2a-2n) as described in section 5.2 on page 51. Figure 4-7 shows
a schematic connection diagram.
Figure 4-7
Schematic connection diagram for winding resistance

measurement on a CVT/CCVT
the measurement on winding 2a-2n.
appears asking you to rewire the test object for the winding resistance
12. Connect the test object for the second winding resistance measurement
(winding 1a-1n) as described in section 5.2 on page 51.
1a-1n.
Secondary shortcircuit impedance
measurement
15. Connect the test object for the secondary short-circuit impedance
Figure 4-8 shows a schematic connection diagram.
Figure 4-8
Schematic connection diagram for secondary short-circuit

impedance measurement on a CVT/CCVT
the secondary short-circuit impedance measurement.
17. After completion of the measurement, the green LED is on and a message
39
Excitation
measurement
18. Connect the test object for the excitation measurement (winding 1a-1n) as
described in section 5.4 on page 56. Figure 4-9 shows a schematic
connection diagram.
Figure 4-9
Schematic connection diagram for excitation measurement on

a CVT/CCVT
the excitation measurement.
CVT/CCVT ratio
measurement
(CVTs/CCVTs
only!)
21. Connect the test object for the CVT/CCVT ratio measurement (winding
1a-1n) as described in section 5.5 on page 58. Figure 4-10 shows a
schematic connection diagram.
Figure 4-10 Schematic connection diagram for CVT/CCVT ratio

measurement
the CVT/CCVT ratio measurement.
40
Running a Test
CVT/CCVT
inductive ratio
measurement
(CVTs/CCVTs
only!)
24. Connect the test object for the CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement
(winding 1a-1n) as described in section 5.6 on page 60. Figure 4-11
shows a schematic connection diagram.
Figure 4-11 Schematic connection diagram for CVT/CCVT inductive ratio

measurement
the CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement.
VT ratio
measurement
27. Connect the test object for the first VT ratio measurement (winding 1a-1n)
as described in section 5.7 on page 62. Figure 4-12 shows a schematic
connection diagram.
Figure 4-12 Schematic connection diagram for VT ratio measurement on a

CVT/CCVT
the VT ratio measurement on winding 1a-1n.
appears asking you to rewire the test object for the VT ratio measurement
on winding 2a-2n.
30. Connect the test object for the second VT ratio measurement (winding
2a-2n) as described in section 5.7 on page 62.
2a-2n.
Test finished
32. After completion of the measurement, the red LED is off. The guided voltage
transformer test is finished.
Note: The test results and settings of each test finished with the "Test ok"
status are automatically stored to the file OMICRON\AutoSave\
VOTANO.vta on the Compact Flash card. The VOTANO.vta file is written
anew with each successful test. Tests that could not be finished successfully
or that were aborted by the user are not stored and thus do not overwrite the
existing VOTANO.vta file.
Disconnection
33. Disconnect the measurement setup as described in section 5.9 on

page 69.
41
4.2
Simulation Mode
This section provides detailed descriptions for performing a simulation of the test
results based on real test results measured using the VOTANO 100. Using the
simulation mode it is possible to simulate the behavior of a voltage transformer
with changed settings (for example, with a changed burden or for a changed
voltage factor Fv).
You can perform simulations using the results of the currently displayed test
(executed immediately before) or using the results of a test performed earlier
and stored on the Compact Flash card.
The following parameters can be changed in simulation mode (fields of editable
parameters are underlined by dotted lines in the user interface; display fields
that cannot be changed are not underlined).
Card
Editable parameters depending on the standard

IEC
60044-2
IEC
61869-3
IEEE
C57.13
IEC
60044-5
IEC
61869-5
ANSI
C93.1
Asset card
Fv
Fv
Fv
Fv
Secondary
card
(parameters
available for
each winding)
P/M
P/M
Class
P/M
P/M
P/M
cos
cos
P-Class1 & P-Class1 & Class

TP-Class1 TP-Class1 Burden
or Class2
or Class2
Sr
Sr
Sr
cos
cos
cos
TSB3
TSB3
TSB3
M-Class1 & M-Class1 & Burden

P-Class1 or P-Class1 or
Sr
Class2
Class2
cos
Sr
Sr
TSB3
ext. Sr4
Ratio card
1.
2.
3.
4.
Up (for each winding)
For protection cores only.

For metering cores only.
If number of windings > 1 only.
For M classes 0.1 and 0.2 if Sr < 10 VA only.
Note: For more detailed information about a specific parameter, please refer to
sections 7.2 "Asset Card" on page 88 and 7.3 "Secondary Card" on page 91.
After changing a value, the VOTANO 100 recalculates the error tables and the
test assessment according to the changed values.
The SIM indication in the status line indicates that the VOTANO 100 is in
simulation mode.
Proceed as follows to perform a simulation:
1. If not already done, enter the simulation mode:
In the main menu, select "Simulation" and press the OK soft key.
42
Running a Test
2. Select the test to be used as a basis for the simulation:

If the test displayed when pressing the Main soft key contains valid test
data, the Asset card is displayed in simulation mode, ready to perform
the simulation.
If the test displayed when pressing the Main soft key is a new test
without any test results or does not contain valid test data, a message is
displayed, asking you to load a test stored on the Compact Flash card.
Press the Load soft key and select the test to be used for the simulation.
The Asset card is displayed in simulation mode, ready to perform the
simulation.
To load another test for the simulation than the test displayed when
pressing the Main soft key, press the Load soft key in the Asset card
and select the test to be used for the simulation. The Asset card is
displayed in simulation mode, ready to perform the simulation.
3. Change your settings in the Asset or the Secondary card and display the
Ratio and/or the Assessment card to view the simulated test results for
your changed settings.
Or display the Ratio card, select the winding, and change "Up" to simulate
the ratio/ratio error and the phase error of the individual windings for one
specific primary voltage. The simulation is performed using the settings in
the Asset and the Secondary card.
4. If necessary, save your simulation to the Compact Flash card.
43
4.3
Ad Hoc Test
Use the ad hoc test to quickly determine the ratio of a voltage transformer.
Follow the sections below in the given order to perform an ad hoc test.
Always observe the safety instructions given in chapter 1 on page 9.
4.3.1

Prepare the test object as described in section 3.1 on page 27.
4.3.2

Set up the VOTANO 100 test set and the VBO1 voltage booster as described in
4.3.3
Connecting the Test Object

Connect the test object as described in section 5.8 on page 66. Figure 4-13
shows a schematic connection diagram.
Figure 4-13
44
Schematic connection diagram for an ad hoc test on a voltage

transformer
Running a Test
4.3.4
Running an Ad Hoc Test

WARNING
Make sure that the terminals of the test object to be connected to the VBO1
do not carry any voltage potential.
Make sure that the test object is completely disconnected from the power
system.
During the ad hoc test, the VOTANO 100/VBO1 is the only permitted
power source for the test object.
WARNING
Death, severe injury or equipment damage caused by high voltage or
current is possible in case of incorrect wiring
Avoid incorrect wiring. The VOTANO 100 does not perform a wiring check
in the Ad Hoc Test mode.
Make sure that the wiring is correct before running an ad hoc test.
NOTICE
Equipment damage caused by high voltage possible
The VOTANO 100 is able to output voltages that are possibly higher than the
nominal voltage of the test object.
Make sure that the test voltage applied during the ad hoc test does not
exceed the nominal voltage of the voltage transformer.
Proceed as follows to perform an ad hoc test:
1. If not already done, switch the VOTANO 100 on and enter the ad hoc test
mode:
In the main menu, select "Ad Hoc Test" and press the OK soft key.
The display shows the Ratio card with the default ad hoc test settings.
Figure 4-14 Ratio card for the ad hoc test mode

2. Select the rated frequency "fr" of the voltage transformer (soft keys 50Hz or
60Hz) and enter the test voltage "U-test" (soft key 4kV or any other value in
kV between 0.001 kV and 4 kV using the keyboard).
3. Start the test by pressing the
key.
45
4. After the measurement is completed, the lower part of the Ratio test card
displays the measured voltage ratio ("Up:Us", "Ratio"), the phase error
("Phase") and the polarity ("Pol.").
5. Disconnect the measurement setup as described in section 5.9 on
page 69.
46
Connecting and Disconnecting the Test Object
Connecting and Disconnecting the Test

Object
The proper connection of the test object to the VBO1 voltage booster depends
on the specific measurement performed by the VOTANO 100 during the test
sequence.
The VOTANO 100 therefore requests according rewiring prior to each
measurement. The measurements are executed in the order of the sections
below.
WARNING
system.
During a test, the VOTANO 100/VBO1 is the only permitted power source
for the test object.
WARNING
As long as the red LED is flashing, the output is active and lethal voltages can
occur due to the high energy stored in external inductors.
Never connect or disconnect measurement leads while the red LED on the
VOTANO 100 is flashing.
Wait until the red LED is off.
WARNING
Some measurements may charge the voltage transformer under test with a
high amount of energy. The VOTANO 100 then possibly requires some time to
dissipate the energy stored in the test object. In this case, a corresponding
warning (Warning 903.000) is displayed.
Do not touch the test object, disconnect measurement leads or switch off
the VOTANO 100 while the warning 903.000 is displayed.
Wait until the warning disappears.
47
5.1
Connection for Primary Short-Circuit Impedance

Measurement
The primary short-circuit impedance measurement has to be performed for
every secondary winding of the voltage transformer.
Figure 5-1 and Figure 5-2 on page 49 show the basic test setup for a VT and a
CVT/CCVT with one secondary winding. If the voltage transformer under test
has more than one secondary winding, further measurements are necessary as
shown in Figure 5-3 on page 50.
WARNING
During this measurement, the VOTANO 100 injects voltage to the secondary
test.
WARNING
Proceed as follows to connect the test object for the primary short-circuit
impedance measurement:
1. Actuate the emergency stop button before entering the high-voltage area.
2. Connect the OUT sockets and the IN 1 sockets of the LV TEST section on
the VBO1 to the secondary terminals 1a and 1n as shown in Figure 5-1 and
3. Apply proper grounding of the terminals acc. to Figure 5-1 or Figure 5-2.
4. Apply a shorting link according to Figure 5-1 or Figure 5-2:
To the primary terminals A and N for a VT (see Figure 5-1).
Or to the primary terminals A and NHF for a CVT/CCVT (see Figure 5-2).
WARNING
Bad contact of the shorting link to be applied between the high-voltage terminal
A and the grounded low-voltage terminal N or NHF may result in dangerous
situations since this may carry high voltage to the terminal box of the voltage
transformer.
Make sure to apply the shorting link between terminal A and terminal N or
NHF properly.
48
5. Leave the high-voltage area and secure this area against unauthorized
access.
6. Unlock the emergency stop button and start the test.
VT
VBO1
Apply
shorting link!
To VOTANO 100
Figure 5-1
Emergency stop
button
Test setup for primary short-circuit impedance measurement on

a VT
CVT/CCVT
Apply shorting link!
VBO1
To VOTANO 100
Figure 5-2
Emergency stop
button
Test setup for primary short-circuit impedance measurement on

a CVT/CCVT
49
If the voltage transformer under test has more than one secondary winding,
further measurements are necessary as shown in Figure 5-3 on page 50. The
VOTANO 100 then automatically interrupts the test and requests rewiring
accordingly. Observe the order of the measurements requested during the test
sequence.
Proceed as follows for the remaining secondary windings of the voltage
transformer:
the VBO1 to the terminals of the next higher secondary winding.
access.
11. The VOTANO 100 executes the primary short-circuit impedance
measurement. Repeat the previous steps 7. to 10. for each secondary
winding of the voltage transformer as requested by the VOTANO 100.
Once the VOTANO 100 has finished all primary short-circuit impedance
measurements, the VOTANO 100 requests rewiring for the winding
resistance measurement. Continue with section 5.2 on page 51.
1st Measurement
2nd Measurement
Open
Order of measurements:
1a-1n to xa-xn!
Open
1st Measurement
Open
2nd Measurement
3rd Measurement
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Proceed accordingly for voltage transformers with 4 or 5 secondary windings.

Note: A possibly existing residual winding da-dn is considered like a normal secondary winding.
Figure 5-3
50
Primary short-circuit impedance measurement if the voltage

transformer has more than one secondary winding
5.2
Connection for Winding Resistance Measurement

The winding resistance measurement has to be performed for every secondary
winding of the voltage transformer.
Figure 5-4 on page 52 shows the basic test setup for a CVT/CCVT or VT with
one secondary winding. If the voltage transformer under test has more than one
secondary winding, further measurements are necessary as shown in
WARNING
For this measurement, the VOTANO 100 applies DC voltage to the secondary
side of the voltage transformer under test that may cause high voltage peaks
on the primary side of the voltage transformer during switch-on and switch-off.
test.
WARNING
The measurements conducted during the test possibly may charge the
connected inductance.
Proceed as follows to connect the test object for the winding resistance
measurement:
2. Disconnect the shorting link from the primary terminals A and N (for a VT) or
A and NHF (for a CVT/CCVT).
3. If the test object is a CVT/CCVT, disconnect terminal NHF from ground.
4. Disconnect the grounding from the primary high-voltage terminal A of the
voltage transformer. The primary terminals are open during the
measurement.
access.
7. The VOTANO 100 executes the winding resistance measurement.
If the voltage transformer under test has only one secondary winding, the
VOTANO 100 requests rewiring for the excitation measurement upon
completion of the winding resistance measurement. In this case, continue with
51
For CVT/CCVT:
Disconnect NHF from ground
VBO1
To VOTANO 100
Figure 5-4
CVT/CCVT or VT
Emergency stop
button
Test setup for winding resistance measurement
further measurements are necessary as shown in Figure 5-5 on page 53. The
sequence.
transformer:
9. Connect the primary high-voltage terminal A of the voltage transformer to
ground.
the VBO1 to the terminals of the next lower secondary winding.
11. Disconnect the grounding connection from primary high-voltage terminal A
of the voltage transformer.
access.
14. The VOTANO 100 executes the winding resistance measurement. Repeat
the previous steps 8. to 13. for each secondary winding of the voltage
transformer as requested by the VOTANO 100.
Once the VOTANO 100 has finished all winding resistance measurements,
the VOTANO 100 requests rewiring for the secondary short-circuit
impedance measurement. Continue with section 5.3 on page 54.
52
1st Measurement
2nd Measurement
Open
Open
Open
xa-xn to 1a-1n!
Open
1st Measurement
2nd Measurement
3rd Measurement
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open

Figure 5-5
Winding resistance measurement if the voltage transformer has

more than one secondary winding
53
5.3
Connection for Secondary Short-Circuit Impedance

Measurement
The secondary short-circuit impedance measurement is only performed if the
voltage transformer has more than one secondary winding. In this case, the
measurement is only performed for the first secondary winding (1a-1n) of the
voltage transformer with the second secondary winding (2a-2n) short-circuited.
WARNING
The winding resistance measurement conducted before may charge the
Use a grounding rod to discharge all terminals of the voltage transformer
under test before starting rewiring for the secondary short-circuit
impedance measurement described here.
WARNING
During this measurement, the VOTANO 100 injects voltage to the secondary
test.
WARNING
High voltages can occur at the voltage transformer under test if the shorting link
is not applied properly to the secondary side of the voltage transformer.
Do not start the secondary short-circuit impedance measurement without
a properly applied shorting link.
Apply the shorting link to the secondary side of the voltage transformer as
shown in Figure 5-6 on page 55.
WARNING
54
Proceed as follows to connect the test object for the secondary short-circuit
impedance measurement:
ground.
3. Apply a shorting link to the secondary terminals 2a and 2n as shown in
4. Connect the IN 2 sockets of the LV TEST section on the VBO1 to the
secondary terminals 2a and 2n as shown in Figure 5-6 on page 55.
5. Disconnect the grounding from high-voltage primary terminal A of the
voltage transformer. The primary terminals are open during the
measurement.
access.
8. The VOTANO 100 executes the secondary short-circuit impedance
measurement.
Once the VOTANO 100 has finished the measurement, it requests rewiring
for the excitation measurement. Continue with section 5.4 on page 56.
Apply shorting link!
For CVT/CCVT:
VBO1
To VOTANO 100
Figure 5-6
CVT/CCVT or VT
Emergency stop
button
Test setup for secondary short-circuit impedance measurement
55
5.4
Connection for Excitation Measurement

The excitation measurement is only performed for the first secondary winding
(1a-1n) of the voltage transformer.
WARNING
For this measurement, AC voltage signals are applied to the secondary side of
the voltage transformer under test. This may cause lethal voltages on the
primary side.
test.
If the specified rated secondary voltage Usr of the voltage transformer is 10 V
or higher, a maximum test voltage of 10 V is applied to the secondary side of
the voltage transformer.
If the specified rated secondary voltage Usr of the voltage transformer is
smaller than 10 V, a maximum test voltage equal to Usr is applied to the
secondary side of the voltage transformer.
WARNING
The measurements conducted before and during this measurement possibly
may charge the connected inductance.
Proceed as follows to connect the test object for the excitation measurement:
1. If the voltage transformer under test has only one secondary winding, the
last measurement performed was the winding resistance measurement (see
section 5.2 on page 51). In this case, no changes are required for the
excitation measurement. Start the test and continue with step 9.
the last measurement performed was the secondary short-circuit impedance
measurement (see section 5.3 on page 54). In this case, wiring changes are
required. Continue with the step 2.
ground.
4. Disconnect the shorting link from the secondary terminals 2a and 2n.
5. Disconnect the IN 2 sockets of the LV TEST section on the VBO1 from the
secondary terminals 2a and 2n.
6. Disconnect the grounding connection from the primary high-voltage terminal
A. The primary terminals are open during the measurement.
56
access.
9. The VOTANO 100 executes the excitation measurement. Once the
VOTANO 100 has finished the measurement, it requests rewiring for the
next measurement:
If the voltage transformer under test is a CVT or CCVT, the
VOTANO 100 requests rewiring for the CVT/CCVT ratio
measurement. Continue with section 5.5 on page 58.
For CVT/CCVT:
If the voltage transformer under test is a usual inductive voltage

transformer (VT), the VOTANO 100 requests rewiring for the VT ratio
measurement. Continue with section 5.7 on page 62.
VBO1
CVT/CCVT or VT
To VOTANO 100
Emergency stop
button
Figure 5-7
Test setup for excitation measurement
Note: If the excitation measurement fails, the test procedure aborts and no
automatic demagnetization of the voltage transformer core is performed. In this
case, the voltage transformer core may remain magnetized with an unknown
amount of residual magnetism.
57
5.5
Connection for CVT/CCVT Ratio Measurement

(CVTs/CCVTs Only!)
The CVT/CCVT ratio measurement is only performed for capacitor voltage
transformers (CVT) and coupling capacitor voltage transformers (CCVT). This
measurement is not performed for usual inductive voltage transformers (VT).
The CVT/CCVT ratio measurement is only performed for the first secondary
winding (1a-1n) of the CVT/CCVT.
WARNING
High voltages of up to 4 kV are applied to the primary side of the CVT/CCVT
during the test.
Be aware of the particular danger of such high voltages.
WARNING
current possible
Do not mix up the windings. Accidentally mixing up the windings can cause
life-threatening voltages and/or destroy the voltage transformer under test
or the VBO1 voltage booster.
For ratio measurements, always make sure that the VBO1 high-voltage
output is connected to the primary side of the voltage transformer
according to the test setup shown in Figure 5-8 on page 59.
WARNING
Proceed as follows to connect the test object for the CVT/CCVT ratio
measurement:
ground.
3. Disconnect all measurement leads from the LV TEST section on the VBO1
and the secondary terminals of the voltage transformer.
4. Disconnect the multipole connector from the LV TEST socket on the VBO1.
5. Connect the LV SECONDARY IN sockets of the HV RATIO TEST section
on the VBO1 to the secondary terminals 1a and 1n.
58
6. Connect the high-voltage terminal of output HV PRIMARY OUT of the

HV RATIO TEST section on the VBO1 to primary terminal A of the
CVT/CCVT using the high-voltage cable. See Figure 5-8 on page 59.
7. Connect the low-voltage terminal of output HV PRIMARY OUT of the
HV RATIO TEST section on the VBO1 to the grounding terminal of the
CVT/CCVT as shown in Figure 5-8 on page 59.
8. Re-apply the grounding connection to terminal NHF.
WARNING
Bad contact of the grounding connection to be applied to terminal NHF may
lead to dangerous situations since this may result in the occurrence of high
voltage in the terminal box of the voltage transformer.
Make sure to apply the grounding connection of terminal NHF properly.
9. Connect the multipole connector to the HV RATIO TEST socket on the
VBO1.
A.
access.
13. The VOTANO 100 executes the CVT/CCVT ratio measurement. Once the
VOTANO 100 has finished the measurement, it requests rewiring for the
CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement. Continue with section 5.6 on
page 60.
CVT/CCVT
VBO1
To VOTANO 100
Figure 5-8
Emergency stop
button
Test setup for CVT/CCVT ratio measurement (CVTs/CCVTs

only)
59
5.6
Connection for CVT/CCVT Inductive Ratio

Measurement (CVTs/CCVTs Only!)
The CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement is only performed for capacitor
voltage transformers (CVT) and coupling capacitor voltage transformers
(CCVT). This measurement is not performed for usual inductive voltage
transformers (VT).
The CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement is only performed for the first
secondary winding (1a-1n) of the CVT/CCVT.
WARNING
High voltages of up to 3 kV are applied to the primary side and to the NHF
connection point of the secondary terminal of the voltage transformer during
the test.
WARNING
current possible
according to the test setup shown in Figure 5-9 on page 61.
WARNING
Proceed as follows to connect the test object for the CVT/CCVT inductive ratio
measurement:
ground.
3. Apply a shorting link between the primary terminals A and NHF as shown in
4. Remove the grounding connection from primary terminal NHF as shown in
60

A.
access.
8. The VOTANO 100 executes the CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement.
Once the VOTANO 100 has finished the measurement, it requests rewiring
for the VT ratio measurement. Continue with section 5.7 on page 62.
CVT/CCVT
VBO1
To VOTANO 100
Figure 5-9
Emergency stop
button
NHF disconnected from ground

during measurement!
Test setup for CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement

(CVTs/CCVTs only)
61
5.7
Connection for VT Ratio Measurement

The VT ratio measurement has to be performed for every secondary winding of
the voltage transformer (CVT/CCVT or VT).
Figure 5-10 on page 63 and Figure 5-11 on page 64 show the basic test setup
for a VT and a CVT/CCVT with one secondary winding. If the voltage
transformer under test has more than one secondary winding, further
measurements are necessary as shown in Figure 5-12 on page 65.
WARNING
High voltages of up to 3 kV are applied to the primary side and to the NHF
connection point of the secondary terminal of the voltage transformer during
the test.
WARNING
current possible
according to the test setup shown in Figure 5-10 and Figure 5-11 on
page 64.
WARNING
If the test object is a CVT/CCVT, the last measurement performed was the
CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement (see section 5.6 on page 60). In this
case, no changes are required to perform the VT ratio measurement. Start the
test and continue with step 12 below.
If the test object is a VT, the last measurement performed was the excitation
measurement (see section 5.4 on page 56). In this case, proceed as follows to
connect the test object for the VT ratio measurement:
ground.
62
3. Disconnect all measurement leads from the LV TEST section on the VBO1
and the secondary terminals of the voltage transformer.
4. Disconnect the multipole connector from the LV TEST socket on the VBO1.
HV RATIO TEST section on the VBO1 to primary terminal A of the VT using
the high-voltage cable. See Figure 5-10 on page 63.
HV RATIO TEST section on the VBO1 to the grounding terminal N of the VT
as shown in Figure 5-10 on page 63.
VBO1.
A.
access.
12. The VOTANO 100 executes the VT ratio measurement.
If the voltage transformer under test has only one secondary winding, the test is
finished upon completion of this measurement. In this case, continue with
section 5.9 "Disconnection" on page 69.
VT
VBO1
To VOTANO 100
Figure 5-10
Emergency stop
button
Test setup for VT ratio measurement on a VT
63
CVT/CCVT
VBO1
To VOTANO 100
Figure 5-11
Emergency stop
button
NHF disconnected from ground

during measurement!
Test setup for VT ratio measurement on a CVT/CCVT
further measurements are necessary as shown in Figure 5-12. The
sequence.
transformer:
ground.
16. Disconnect the grounding connection from primary high-voltage terminal A.
access.
19. The VOTANO 100 executes the VT ratio measurement. Repeat the previous
steps 13. to 18. for each secondary winding of the voltage transformer as
requested by the VOTANO 100. Once all measurements are completed,
continue with section 5.9 "Disconnection" on page 69.
64
1st Measurement
A
2nd Measurement
A
1a-1n to xa-xn!
Open
1st Measurement
Open
Open
2nd Measurement
3rd Measurement
Open
Open
Open
N
Open
Open

Figure 5-12
VT ratio measurement if the voltage transformer has more than

one secondary winding
65
5.8
Connection for Ad Hoc Test

An ad hoc test (see section 4.3 on page 44) can be performed separately for
each secondary winding of the voltage transformer (CVT/CCVT or VT) in order
to quickly determine the ratio.
WARNING
system.
During a test, the VOTANO 100/VBO1 is the only permitted power source
for the test object.
WARNING
Never connect or disconnect measurement leads while the red LED on the
WARNING
High voltages are applied to the primary side and to the NHF connection point
of the secondary terminal of the voltage transformer during the test.
WARNING
current possible
Always make sure that the VBO1 high-voltage output is connected to the
primary side of the voltage transformer according to the test setup shown
in Figure 5-13 on page 68.
WARNING
The measurement possibly may charge the connected inductance.
66
NOTICE
Equipment damage caused by high voltage possible
The VOTANO 100 is able to output voltages that are possibly higher than the
nominal voltage of the test object.
Make sure that the test voltage applied during the ad hoc test does not
exceed the nominal voltage of the voltage transformer.
Proceed as follows to connect the test object for the ad hoc test:
ground.
3. If necessary:
Disconnect all measurement leads from the LV TEST section on the
VBO1 and the secondary terminals of the voltage transformer.
Disconnect the multipole connector from the LV TEST socket on the
VBO1.
HV RATIO TEST section on the VBO1 to primary terminal A of the voltage
transformer using the high-voltage cable. See Figure 5-13 on page 68.
HV RATIO TEST section on the VBO1 to the grounding terminal of the
voltage transformer. See Figure 5-13 on page 68.
on the VBO1 to the secondary terminals to be measured.
VBO1.
8. Disconnect the grounding connection from primary high-voltage terminal A.
access.
10. Unlock the emergency stop button and start the ad hoc test.
11. The VOTANO 100 executes the ratio measurement. After the measurement
is completed, the VOTANO 100 automatically stops and displays the results
of the ad hoc ratio measurement.
67
Primary side
VBO1
Secondary side
VT or CVT/CCVT
To VOTANO 100
Figure 5-13
68
Test setup for an ad hoc test on a voltage transformer
5.9
Disconnection
WARNING
Never disconnect measurement leads while the red LED on the
WARNING
Proceed as follows to disconnect the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1:
1. Wait until the red LED on the VOTANO 100 is off.
2. Switch off the VOTANO 100 at its mains switch.
3. Discharge all terminals of the voltage transformer using a grounding rod.
ground.
5. Disconnect the measurement leads leading to the test object starting at the
VBO1.
6. Disconnect all connections between the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1
starting at the VOTANO 100.
7. Disconnect the emergency stop button from the VBO1.
8. Disconnect the grounding wires from the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1.
9. Disconnect the grounding wires from the ground point.
Note: Do not forget to re-connect the voltage transformer after your test.
Restore the original condition of the voltage transformer as found.
69
70
Operating and Configuring the VOTANO 100
Operating and Configuring the

VOTANO 100
6.1
Working in the User Interface
6.1.1
Displaying a Specific Card

To display a specific card, select the card by pressing the card selection keys.
The cards tab showing the name of the selected card is then highlighted (see
Figure 6-1).
Figure 6-1
6.1.2
Asset card selected
Using the Soft Keys

Using the soft keys you can operate the VOTANO 100 and change the user
interface level of the software.
The functionality of the soft keys is context-dependent. That means, the
software offers different functions or selectable sets of parameters depending on
the focus (depending on which card or field is highlighted or selected in the user
interface).
If more than 4 soft keys are available, the lowermost soft key description field
contains 3 points (see 110 kV in Figure 6-2). Then you can switch the set of
displayed soft keys using the
key located below the soft keys (see
Figure 2-7 on page 20).
1st set of soft keys
2nd set of soft keys
Press
Figure 6-2
Switching the set of soft keys
71
6.1.3
Editing a Card
To open the edit mode for a displayed card, press the
cursor key. The
cards tab is then no longer highlighted (see Figure 6-3). Use the cursor keys to
move the cursor and to select the desired edit field. Some edit fields have soft
keys assigned. The soft keys available for an edit field are displayed if the field
is selected.
Edit field selected
Figure 6-3
Edit field selected in the Asset card
Proceed as follows to edit a card:

1. Select the edit field using the cursor keys.
2. Enter or edit the value or text:
Select an entry offered by the soft keys (if available)
or enter the value or text using the keyboard and then press the
key or one of the
cursor keys to confirm your input or use the
key to leave an edit field without applying and saving the entry.
3. Leave the edit mode either by moving the cursor to the cards tab using the
cursor key or by pressing the
key. The focus is then set to the
cards tab again (tab highlighted).
6.2
The Main Menu
How to get there:

Press the Main soft key in
any test card
-> Main Menu
The Main Menu can be opened from any test card by pressing the Main soft key.
The items in the list can be selected using the
cursor keys. When an
item is selected (highlighted), the soft keys are labeled with the functions
available for this specific item.
Figure 6-4
72
Main Menu page
6.3
Guided VT-Test
How to get there:

any test card
Main Menu:
- Guided VT-Test
By selecting "Guided VT-Test" in the main menu and then pressing the OK soft
key, a new guided voltage transformer test with the default parameter settings
is loaded and displayed in the Asset card. Some of the defaults can be defined
in the settings (Default VT Parameters, see section 6.7 on page 77).
OK soft key
-> Asset card
Figure 6-5
Asset card with default test settings after initializing a new

guided voltage transformer test
Note: For more detailed information about the parameters and fields in the
Asset card, please refer to section 7.2 on page 88.
6.4
Simulation
How to get there:

any test card
Main Menu:
- Simulation
By selecting "Simulation" in the main menu and then pressing the OK soft key,
you can load a report of a previously performed voltage transformer test from the
Compact Flash card in order to simulate the test results with changed settings.
For more detailed information about simulations, please refer to section 4.2 on
page 42.
OK soft key
-> Request to load a test
report, or Asset card
with existing test
6.5
Ad Hoc Test
How to get there:

any test card
Main Menu:
- Ad Hoc Test
OK soft key
Select "Ad Hoc Test" in the main menu and press the OK soft key to open the
ad hoc test mode. You can use ad hoc tests to quickly determine the ratio of a
voltage transformer.
For more detailed information about ad hoc tests, please refer to section 4.3 on
page 44.
-> Ratio card for ad hoc

test
73
6.6
File Handling
How to get there:

any test card
In the File Menu page you can access all available file operation functions by
selecting the entry using the
cursor keys and then pressing the Select
soft key.
Main Menu:
- File Handling
OK soft key
-> File Menu page
Figure 6-6
6.6.1
File Menu page
Available Functions
Browse
Browsing the Compact Flash card for files.
Load Report
Loading an existing report or settings file from the

Compact Flash card.
You can also load a file by pressing the Load soft key in
the Asset card.
Save As
Saving the current file to the Compact Flash card.

Saving a file is described in detail on page 76.
Delete File
Deleting a selected file or folder from the Compact Flash

card.
Only empty folders can be deleted. If you try to delete a
folder still containing files or subfolders, an error
message is displayed.
To select several neighboring files at a time, keep the
key pressed while selecting the files or folders
using the
cursor keys.
Rename File
Renaming a selected file on the Compact Flash card.

Only files can be renamed. Renaming of folders is not
possible on the VOTANO 100.
Copy / Cut / Paste

File(s)
Copying or cutting a file on the Compact Flash card and

pasting it at another location on the Compact Flash card.
Copying/cutting and pasting a file is described in detail
on page 76.
Format CF card
Formatting the Compact Flash card. All data on the

Compact Flash card will be lost!
Note: In the VOTANO 100 file system, the root directory can contain a
maximum of 240 files and the file name length (incl. the path) is limited to
240 characters.
74
6.6.2
Working in the File System
How to get there:

any test card
Main Menu:
- File Handling
OK soft key
File Menu:
- Browse or
- Load Report or
- Save As or
- Delete File or
- Rename File or
- Copy File(s) or
- Cut File(s) or
- Paste File(s)
After selecting one of the available file operation functions in the File Menu, the
file system card is displayed showing the current path in its title bar and the file
system elements in the card area (refer to Figure 6-7).
Navigating in the file system

To open a folder, select its entry (see Figure 6-7, left) using the
cursor keys and then press the
key.
To go one level higher in the directory structure, select the "one level higher"
entry
and then press the
key.
Figure 6-7
How to get there:
any test card
Main Menu:
- File Handling
OK soft key
File Menu:
- Browse or
- Save As or
- Paste File(s)
File system card for loading a report
Creating a new folder

Creating a new folder is only possible for the functions Browse, Save As and
Paste File(s) of the File Menu.
To create a new folder in the file system, select Browse, Save As or Paste
Files(s) in the file menu and then navigate to the desired location in the file
system where you want to create the new folder. Then press the New Dir soft
key. A new folder with an empty name is created. Enter a name for the folder
and press the
key.
Figure 6-8
File system card after creating a new folder
Note: In the VOTANO 100 file system, a directory can contain a maximum of
240 files and the maximum file name length is 240 characters. Renaming of
folders is not supported by the VOTANO 100.
75
How to get there:
Saving a file

any test card
1. Open the file menu and select Save As.
Main Menu:
- File Handling
OK soft key
File Menu:
- Save As
Note: You can also save a file by pressing the Save soft key in the Asset
card.
2. Navigate to the desired folder in the file system where you want to save the
file:
If you like to save the file with the same name, press the Save soft key.
A warning will pop up asking whether the existing file should be
overwritten or not.
If you want to use a similar file name as an existing one in the selected
folder, select this file using the
cursor keys and press the
Save As soft key or the
key. A new *.vta file entry with the
selected file name is added. Edit this file name and then press again
Save, Save As or the
key.
Note: The test results and settings of each test finished with the "Test ok" status
are automatically stored to the file OMICRON\AutoSave\VOTANO.vta on the
Compact Flash card. The VOTANO.vta file is written anew with each successful
test. Tests that could not be finished successfully or that were aborted by the
user are not stored and thus do not overwrite the existing VOTANO.vta file.
Note: .vta files stored by the VOTANO 100 can be loaded to the VOTANO 100
itself or to the VT Measurement Manager software tool.
How to get there:

any test card
Main Menu:
- File Handling
OK soft key
File Menu:
- Copy File(s) or
- Cut File(s)
Copying / cutting and pasting a file on the Compact Flash card

Note: Copying / cutting and pasting folders is not possible with the
VOTANO 100.
1. Open the file menu and select Copy File(s) or Cut File(s).
2. The file system card appears. Navigate to the desired file you want to copy
or cut.
3. Highlight the file and then press the Copy (or Cut) soft key.
To go back to the main menu without copying or cutting a file, press Abort.
Note: To select several neighboring files at a time, keep the
pressed while selecting the files using the
cursor keys.
key
4. The file system card is closed and the file menu is displayed. Select
Paste File(s).
5. The file system card appears again. Navigate to the desired location in the
file system where you want to paste the file.
6. Press the Paste soft key to paste the file.
In case of a cut/paste action, the file is not deleted from its old location until
it has been pasted at its new location.
76
6.7
Settings
How to get there:

any test card
Main Menu:
- Settings
In the Setting Menu page you can access the device settings or the default
settings for new guided voltage transformer tests. Select an entry using the
cursor keys and then press the Select soft key to open the
corresponding settings page.
OK soft key
-> Setting Menu page
Figure 6-9
6.7.1
Setting Menu page
Available Options in the Settings Menu

Select Language
Selection of the user interface language.

One additional user language can be installed on the
VOTANO 100. The English user interface is part of the
firmware and therefore always available. The second
language can be installed by the user as required (refer
to section 6.8 on page 82).
Default Test Card

Selection
Select the test cards a new guided voltage transformer

test should contain by default. Please refer to section
6.7.2 on page 80.
Default VT
Parameters
Select the default settings used in the Asset card and

the Secondary card: Model (VT or CVT/CCVT),
standard, frequency, number of windings, residual
winding available or not.
77
Default Test
Configuration
Limit VBO1 test voltage option

Using the Limit VBO1 test voltage option you can
enable a limitation of the primary voltage applied during
the ratio test. This may be required to perform pre-tests
during the manufacturing process, for example.
If the Limit VBO1 test voltage option is switched off,
the primary voltage applied during the test is chosen
automatically according to the rated primary voltage
of the voltage transformer set in the Asset card.
Switch the Limit VBO1 test voltage option on to
display an additional parameter Max. VBO1 ratio test
voltage in the Asset card allowing the selection of a
reduced primary voltage for the test (see section
7.2 on page 88).
If the Limit VBO1 test voltage option is switched on, the
Max. VBO1 test voltage field is available. Use this field to
define a default voltage for the Max. VBO1 ratio test
voltage parameter in the Asset card.
...
78
Default Test
Configuration
(continued)
Wiring Check option

The Wiring Check option gives you the possibility to
ignore the results of the automatic wiring checks
performed by the VOTANO 100. This way it is possible to
continue the test even if a wiring check of the
VOTANO 100 failed. This may be required in some rare
cases where the VOTANO 100 possibly considers the
wiring check as failed although the wiring is obviously
correct.
Select Enable to switch the wiring check on (default
setting). This setting is recommended. The
VOTANO 100 then displays an according message if an
automatic wiring check failed. In this message, you can
choose from the following soft keys:
Press Repeat Test to repeat the failed wiring check.
Press Continue Test to continue the test even if the
wiring check failed.
Press Cancel Test to abort the test.
Select Ignore to ignore the results of the automatic
wiring check function. The VOTANO 100 then does not
display any message, and automatically continues the
test in case of a wrongly failed wiring check or an actually
incorrect wiring. Be aware that working with this setting is
entirely at the users risk. Pay special attention to the
wiring and be extremely careful.
Note: The VOTANO 100 preserves this setting even after
switch-off. If the Wiring Check option is set to Ignore, the
VOTANO 100 displays a corresponding warning when
switched on the next time.
WARNING
Death, severe injury or equipment damage
caused by high voltage or current is
possible in case of incorrect wiring
Avoid incorrect wiring.
Make sure that the wiring is correct before
running a test with the Wiring Check
option set to Ignore or before continuing
the test after a wiring check failed
message.
Temperature
Select the temperature unit (C or F) and the default

ambient temperature (for winding resistance
measurement and calculation).
Date/Time
Clock settings for the device-internal clock.
Display Contrast
Display contrast adjustment.
79
Start Delay
Allows the definition of a delay time for the beginning of

the actual test after pressing the start button.
You can apply the defined delay for the short-circuit
impedance measurements, the winding resistance
measurement, the excitation measurement and the ratio
measurements.
Sound
Select whether the VOTANO 100 should indicate the

beginning and the end of an excitation measurement
and/or a ratio measurement with a beep sound.
On: Intermittent beep sound during the entire
excitation/ratio measurement.
Off: Short beep sound at the beginning and the end of
the measurement.
6.7.2
Default Test Card Selection
How to get there:

any test card
Main Menu:
- Settings
OK soft key
Setting Menu:
- Default Test Card
Selection
Enabling or disabling the default test cards for new tests is done using the
Default Test Card Selection option from the Setting Menu. In this case, the
test card selection made in this page becomes effective when starting a new
guided voltage transformer test.
To enable or disable a test card, select its entry using the
cursor keys
and then press the Add or Remove soft key. Enabled cards are marked with a
check mark, see Figure 6-10.
Select soft key

-> Select Cards page
Figure 6-10
Select Cards page for selecting the default test cards
Some cards require the existence of other cards. This means that if you are
adding such a card, the required other cards are automatically added, too. On
the other hand, if you remove a card which is required by another card, the other
card is removed, too. Figure 6-11 shows these dependencies.
80
Asset
Secondary
requires
requires
Resistance
S/C Impedance
requires
Excitation
requires
requires
requires
Figure 6-11
Ratio
Assessment
Comment
Dependencies of test cards
To save your selection and return to the setting menu, press the Back soft key.
To return to the setting menu without saving the selection, press the
key.
81
6.8
Tools (Update Functions)
How to get there:

any test card
From the Tools Menu page you can access the update functions of the
VOTANO 100.
Main Menu:
- Tools
OK soft key
-> Tools Menu page
Figure 6-12
6.8.1
Tools Menu page
Available Functions
Update Text
Using this item you can install a new user interface

language file.
The file system page opened after selecting
Update Text only displays files named VTUser_*.bin.
Please refer to section 6.8.2 on page 83.
Update Firmware
Using this item you can update the firmware (that is,
the device-internal software) of your VOTANO 100.
The file system page opened after selecting
Update Firmware only displays files named
VOTANO.bin.
Please refer to section 6.8.3 on page 84.
Update Licenses
This function allows to add additional licenses to your

VOTANO 100.
Using the Update License soft key you can read a

license file from the Compact Flash card.
Using the New License soft key you can add new
licenses manually.
For information on how to receive new licenses or a
new license key for additional functions, please contact
your local OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on
page 133).
82
6.8.2
Update Text
How to get there:

any test card
Main Menu:
- Tools
OK soft key
Tools Menu:
- Update Text
-> File system card
Note: Instead of using the Update Text function of the VOTANO 100 you can
also use the VOTANO Update tool contained in the VOTANO PC software. For
detailed information, please refer to the help system of the VOTANO PC
software.
Using this function you can install a new user interface language file. The new
language installed is then available for selection in the Language page.
To install a new language, select the corresponding file VTUser_xxx.bin in the
directory A:\OMICRON\ on the Compact Flash card using the
cursor
keys and press the Select soft key.
English is included in the firmware and does not require a user language file.
NOTICE
Do not install a language file that does not belong to the same package as
the installed firmware version. The user interface may become unreadable.
Only install language files that are included in the package of the installed
firmware version.
Refer to the OMICRON website for available languages or ask your distributor
for a special language file.
If the text update process is interrupted or fails, the device displays an error
message and automatically resets the user interface to English when it is
switched on the next time.
Press Abort to return to the tools menu without installing a new language.
83
6.8.3
Update Firmware
How to get there:

any test card
Main Menu:
- Tools
OK soft key
Tools Menu:
- Update Firmware
-> File system card
Note: Instead of using the Update Firmware function of the VOTANO 100 you
can also use the VOTANO Update tool contained in the VOTANO PC software.
For detailed information, please refer to the help system of the VOTANO PC
software.
Using this function you can install new device firmware.
To perform a firmware update, a corresponding firmware file VOTANO.bin has
to be available in the directory A:\OMICRON\ on the Compact Flash card.
To update the firmware, select the desired firmware file VOTANO.bin using the
cursor keys and press the Update Firmw. soft key.
Note: The firmware update process may take some minutes. If the update
process is interrupted or fails, switch the VOTANO 100 off and on again. The
device then tries to perform the firmware update again automatically.
Note:
It is also possible to install older firmware down to version 1.11 (installing a
firmware version older than 1.11 is not possible). In this case, the user interface
text is deleted and the device automatically changes to the English user
interface. After you have downgraded the firmware, you also have to install the
user interface language file of this (older) firmware package.
After the installation of new firmware, the user interface language automatically
changes to English if the installed user interface text is no longer compatible. If
you are using a user interface language other than English, install the
corresponding new user interface language file delivered with the new
firmware.
Press Abort to return to the Tools Menu page without updating the firmware.
84
6.9
VOTANO 100 Help System

The VOTANO 100 provides a context-sensitive help system. Pressing the
key displays a help page, the content of which depends on where the focus is
set when pressing the
key.
Example:
If the focus is set to the Asset cards tab, pressing the
help page showing the wiring.
key displays a
If a parameter field is selected with the cursor, pressing the

key
displays a help page with explanatory texts for this specific parameter.
Figure 6-13
Help system showing the wiring diagram for a measurement
When the help system is displayed, you can use the Next Page and Prev. Page
soft keys to scroll through the available help pages. Pressing the About soft key
opens a page with information about the VOTANO 100 hardware, the installed
firmware version, the serial number, etc.
6.10
Operating the VOTANO 100 from a Computer

It is also possible to operate the VOTANO 100 remote controlled from a
computer. For more detailed information, please refer to chapter 8 on page 111
and/or the help system of the VOTANO PC software.
85
86
The VOTANO 100 Test Cards
7.1
Overview of Test Cards

The following table provides an overview of all test cards available for the
VOTANO 100. The set of test cards actually available on your VOTANO 100
depends on your purchased license(s).
Note: For up-to-date information about the licenses and packages available for
the VOTANO 100 please refer to the OMICRON website (see "Support" on
page 133).
Card
Short description
Asset
This card contains the basic data of the voltage

transformer. Refer to page 88.
Secondary
Use this card to specify the secondary side of the voltage

transformer. Refer to page 91.
S/C Impedance
This card is used to measure the primary and secondary

short-circuit impedances of the voltage transformer.
Refer to page 97.
Resistance
This card is used to measure the winding resistances of

the voltage transformers secondary windings. Refer to
page 98.
Excitation
This card is used to trace the excitation curve of the

voltage transformers secondary windings. Refer to page
99.
Ratio
This card is used to measure the ratio of the voltage

transformer considering the nominal burden. Refer to
page 100.
Assessment
This card shows the automatic assessment of the tested

parameters according to the selected standard. In this
card you can also perform a manual assessment. Refer
to page 105.
Comment
In this card you can enter any text, for example,

additional notes regarding the test. Refer to page 109.
87
7.2
Asset Card
The Asset card is always required for all types of tests. This card contains the
basic data of the voltage transformer under test.
Note: The Asset card is the top user interface level. Pressing the
several times will always bring you back to the Asset card.
key
Press to open the main menu
Figure 7-1
7.2.1
Asset card with default settings after initializing a new guided

voltage transformer test
Available Soft Keys

Clears the results of the previous test and enables to start a new
test. Text entries for "Location" and "Object" remain unchanged.
Saves the test results and test settings to the currently loaded
VOTANO 100 report file. If the test results have not been saved yet,
the Save As dialog is opened. Saving a file is described on page 76.
Allows to load a test stored on the Compact Flash card in order to
check its results or to use its settings for a new test.
7.2.2
Parameter Fields to be Filled by the User

Field /
Parameter
Description
Location
The Location text field is used for reporting and documentation

purposes. The content of this field is defined in the Location
settings page. To open this settings page, position the cursor
to the Location field and then press the Details soft key or the
key.
The Location settings page provides the following text fields.
Each field can contain a maximum of 40 numbers or letters.
88
Company, Country, Station, Feeder:

Information where the voltage transformer is installed.
Phase: Phase to which the voltage transformer is

connected.
IEC-ID: IEC-ID of the voltage transformer or freely definable

information.
Field /
Parameter
Description
Object
The Object text field is used for reporting and documentation

purposes. The content of this field is defined in the Object
settings page. To open this settings page, position the cursor
to the Object field and then press the Details soft key or the
key.
The Object settings page provides the following text fields.
Each field can contain a maximum of 40 numbers or letters.
Model *
Manufact.: Manufacturer of the voltage transformer.
Type: Type number or description of the voltage

transformer.
Serial No.: Serial number of the voltage transformer.
Capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) or coupling capacitor

voltage transformer (CCVT) or inductive voltage transformer
(VT).
Possible values: Soft keys VT or CVT/CCVT
Default: As defined in the settings (Default VT Parameters).
Standard *
Standard according to which the test has to be performed.

Possible values: Soft keys IEC 60044-2, IEC 61869-3 or
IEEE C57.13 for VTs or IEC 60044-5, IEC 61869-5 or
ANSI C93.1 for CVTs/CCVTs
U-pr *
Rated primary voltage of the voltage transformer.

Possible values: Value entered using the keyboard or soft keys
depending on the standard (for example, 66kV, 110kV, 132kV,
220kV).
phase-ground voltage.
fr *
Rated frequency of the voltage transformer.

50Hz or 60Hz
Fv *
Rated voltage factor up to which the voltage transformer must

fulfill the accuracy requirements.
Possible values: Value (between 1.0 and 3.0) entered using the
keyboard or soft keys 1.2, 1.5 or 1.9
Note: Only available if an IEC standard is selected.
89
Field /
Parameter
Description
Max. VBO1
ratio test
voltage *
Only displayed if selected in the default test configuration (see

section 6.7.1 on page 77).
The primary voltage applied during the ratio test is limited to the
voltage set in this field (instead of applying the voltage chosen
automatically according to the rated primary voltage Upr set for
the voltage transformer in this card).
Possible values: Value (between 40V and 4kV) entered using
the keyboard or soft keys 4kV or Default (default value defined
in the Default Test Configuration settings)
* Parameters marked by a star are mandatory parameters. The test cannot be

started if specification for one of these parameters is missing.
90
7.3
Secondary Card
The Secondary card is always required for all types of tests. Use this card to
specify the secondary side of the voltage transformer.
Figure 7-2
7.3.1
Secondary card with default settings after initializing a new

guided voltage transformer test
Available Soft Keys

Clears the results of the previous test and enables to start a new
test.
Saves the test results and test settings to the currently loaded
VOTANO 100 report file. If the test results have not been saved yet,
the Save As dialog is opened. Saving a file is described on page 76.
Allows to load a test stored on the Compact Flash card in order to
check its results or to use its settings for a new test.
7.3.2
Parameter Fields to be Filled by the User

Field /
Description
Parameter
Nr. Wdgs.
Number of secondary windings available on the voltage

transformer (max. 5).
Possible values: Soft keys 1 to 5
Res. Wdg.
Only displayed for IEC standards.

Select whether your voltage transformer has a residual winding
or not. The residual winding is named da-dn and counted in the
amount of secondary windings.
Possible values: Soft keys Yes or No
91
Field /
Description
Parameter
TSB
Only displayed for IEC standards and if number of windings > 1.

Total Simultaneous Burden of the voltage transformer.
Possible values: 0.00 to 9999 VA (keyboard) or n/a soft key
Default: n/a.
When testing voltage transformers with more than one
secondary winding, it may be necessary to specify the burden
distribution between the secondary windings for each
measurement (that is, for each secondary winding to be
measured).
Example:
The rated burdens for the secondary windings 1, 2 and 3 are
30 VA, 40 VA and 75 VA at a TSB of 120 VA. A possible burden
distribution for the individual measurements could be as follows:
For measurement on winding 1a-1n:
30 VA for 1a-1n; 40 VA for 2a-2n; 50 VA for 3a-3n
Enter the TSB as stated on the name plate or use the n/a soft
key if you do not want to consider the TSB for your test.
Refer to section 7.3.3 on page 94 for more detailed information
how to set the TSB.
Winding
Use this field to select the secondary winding to be specified by

the parameters in this card. The parameters have to be specified
separately for each winding of the voltage transformer.
Possible values: Depends on the number of windings set with the
Nr. Wdgs. parameter. One soft key for each winding: e.g. 1a-1n,
2a-2n, etc.
Proceed as follows:
Select the first secondary winding using the soft keys and
specify the parameters (Class (M-Class/P-Class), Usr, Sr and
cos , for example) for this winding.
Select the second secondary winding using the soft keys and
specify the parameters for this winding.
Proceed accordingly to specify the parameters for all
remaining secondary windings.
P/M *
Only displayed for IEC standards and ANSI C93.1.

Winding type of the selected winding: protection or metering.
Possible values: Soft keys Prot. (protection) Meas. (metering)
92
Field /
Description
Parameter
Class *
For IEC standards only displayed if the P/M parameter is set to

"metering". Always displayed for IEEE C57.13 and ANSI C93.1.
Accuracy class of the selected winding.
Possible values: Soft keys depending on the selected standard
(for example, Class 0.15, Class 0.2 etc.).
For IEEE C57.13 only:
An additional soft key At specific burden is available for the
Class parameter if the IEEE C57.13 standard is selected. Use
this option if the accuracy class of the voltage transformer only
applies to one specific burden.
The assessment is normally performed for the burden specified
and all lower burdens defined in the standard. Example: If the
burden specified is M, the assessment is performed for the
burdens M, X, W and 0.
Selecting the At specific burden option in addition to the class
setting will cause the VOTANO 100 to consider only the burden
value specified prior to testing for the assessment. The ratio error
table and the phase displacement table in the Ratio card then
only show the error for this specific burden (see section 7.7.4 on
page 103).
When At specific burden is selected, the soft key changes to
At this & lower burdens to enable deactivation of this option.
M-Class
P-Class *
Only displayed for IEC 60044-2 and IEC 61869-3, and if the P/M
parameter is set to "protection".
M-Class: According to the IEC standards it is also possible to
specify a metering class for a protection winding. Possible
values: Soft keys Class 0.1, Class 0.2, Class 0.5, Class 1 or
Class 3.
P-Class *
TP-Class
Only displayed for IEC 60044-5 and IEC 61869-5, and if the P/M
parameter is set to "protection".
TP-Class: Transient response class of the selected winding
according to IEC 60044-5 and IEC 61869-5.
Possible values: Soft keys Class T1, Class T2 or Class T3.
93
Field /
Description
Parameter
ext. Sr
Only displayed for IEC 60044-2 metering class 0.1 and 0.2, and
if the rated burden Sr is smaller than 10 VA.
Extended burden range for ratio and phase error table.
If switched on, the ratio error table and the phase displacement
table show the ratio error and the phase displacement down to a
burden of 0 VA.
Possible values: Soft keys On or Off.
U-sr *
Rated secondary voltage of the selected winding.

100V or 110V.
phase-ground voltage (or the soft key /3 for a residual winding).
Sr *
Rated output of the selected winding.

depending on the selected standard (for example, 1.0VA, 5.0VA,
10VA PF 1.0, 10VA PF 0.8 etc.).
Cos *
Power factor of the rated output specified (Sr or Burden

parameter).
0.8 or 1.0.
Burden *
Only displayed for IEEE C57.13 and ANSI C93.1.

Standard burden of the selected winding.
Possible values: Soft keys 0, W, X, M, Y, Z or ZZ or custom
burden value entered using the keyboard.
* Parameters marked by a star are mandatory parameters. The test cannot be

started if specification for one of these parameters is missing.
7.3.3
Setting the TSB (Total Simultaneous Burden, IEC standards

only)
Proceed as follows to set the TSB in the Secondary card:
Define the total number of secondary windings in the Windings field.
Select whether your voltage transformer has a residual winding or not in the
Res. Winding field.
Enter the total simultaneous burden to the TSB field using the keyboard (any
value between 0.00 VA and 9999 VA).
94
Go to the Winding field. Specify all parameters for each secondary winding
of the voltage transformer (see Winding parameter on page 92).
Select the first secondary winding and specify the parameters for this
winding.
Select the second secondary winding and specify the parameters for this
winding.
Proceed accordingly to specify the parameters for all remaining
secondary windings.
Go back to the TSB field. If you have entered all necessary specifications for
all secondary windings before, the Details soft key is available for the TSB
field.
Press the Details soft key to display the burden distribution details page.
Figure 7-3
Displaying the burden distribution details page
This page contains by default an automatic burden distribution proposed by

OMICRON according to the values specified for the secondary windings in
the Secondary card before. Select a winding using the soft keys to display
the burden distribution for the measurement of this specific winding.
Figure 7-4 on page 95 shows an example burden distribution for 3
secondary windings.
Figure 7-4
Example burden distribution for 3 secondary windings
Press the
key to go back to the Secondary card and use the
automatic burden distribution. Or proceed with section 7.3.4 on page 96 to
customize the burden distribution manually.
95
7.3.4
Changing the Default Burden Distribution Manually (IEC

standards only)
If the automatic burden distribution proposed by OMICRON does not meet your
requirements, you can change them manually according to your needs. Proceed
as follows:
1. If not already done, specify the TSB and display the burden distribution
details page as described in the previous section 7.3.3 on page 94.
2. In the Winding field, select the first winding to be measured using the soft
keys, for example 1a-1n.
3. Position the cursor in the table and overwrite the existing burden or cos
values with your new values for this measurement.
Figure 7-5
Changing the burden distribution manually
4. Set the cursor to the Winding field and select the next secondary winding to
be measured using the soft keys, for example 2a-2n.
5. Position the cursor in the table and overwrite the existing burden or cos
values with your new values for this measurement.
6. Proceed as described above to specify the burden distribution for all other
windings available.
7. Use the Back soft key or the
the Secondary card.
key to apply your changes and return to
Or set the cursor to the TSB field and press the Reset TSB Distr. soft key
to reset the values to the automatic burden distribution, and use the Back
soft key to return to the Secondary card.
Figure 7-6
Resetting the burden distribution
Note: A corresponding warning is displayed if your burden distribution (the sum

of your manually defined burden values) does not match the TSB defined in the
Secondary card.
Note: Changing the TSB value or the number of secondary windings in the
Secondary card will overwrite any manually defined burden distributions with a
new automatic burden distribution.
96
7.4
S/C Impedance Card

The S/C Impedance card is only available if the short-circuit impedance
measurement is enabled in the settings (Default Test Card Selection).
Figure 7-7
S/C Impedance card
The S/C Impedance card shows the results of the primary and secondary shortcircuit impedance measurements:
The results of the primary short-circuit impedance measurement are

displayed separately for each secondary winding. Select the winding to be
displayed in the Winding field.
The results of the secondary short-circuit impedance measurement are

displayed for winding 1a-1n.
Field /
Description
Parameter
Winding
The results of the primary short-circuit impedance

measurements are displayed for the winding selected in this
field. Select the winding using the soft keys.
(for example, 1a-1n, 2a-2n etc. depending on the number of
windings selected in the Secondary card).
Default: 1a-1n.
I-AC
AC current used for the measurement.
Vsec-AC
Secondary AC voltage used for the measurement.
Zsc
Short-circuit impedance.
Phase
Phase angle.
97
7.5
Resistance Card
The Resistance card is only available if the winding resistance measurement is
enabled in the settings (Default Test Card Selection).
Figure 7-8
Resistance card
The Resistance card shows the results of the winding resistance

measurements. The results can be displayed separately for each secondary
winding. Select the winding in the Winding field.
Field /
Description
Parameter
Winding
The results of the winding resistance measurements are

displayed for the winding selected in this field. Select the winding
using the soft keys.
(for example, 1a-1n, 2a-2n etc., depending on the number of
windings set in the Secondary card).
Default: 1a-1n.
I-DC
DC current used for the measurement.
V-DC
DC voltage used for the measurement.
R-meas
Measured winding resistance at ambient temperature.
T-meas
Winding temperature of the voltage transformer at the time of

measurement.
Value used:
Ambient Temperature defined in the settings (Temperature).
98
7.6
Excitation Card
The Excitation card is only available if the excitation measurement is enabled
in the settings (Default Test Card Selection).
Figure 7-9
Excitation card
The Excitation card shows the excitation graph calculated from the test results
for each winding. The graph shows the rms core voltage over the rms exciting
current.
Available soft keys

Moves the cursor upwards on the excitation graph.
Moves the cursor downwards on the excitation graph.
Switches off the display of values on the bottom right of the diagram.
If you have switched off the values, this soft key changes to Text On
to switch the values display on again.
Viewing the measured values for different points on the graph

You can view the corresponding voltage and current values for any point on the
graph and for each winding:
Use the
cursor key to select the Winding field. Select the winding using
the soft keys.
Use the
cursor keys to select the I-meas or the V-meas field.
Use the soft keys (Cursor Up, Cursor Down) to select predefined points on
the graph. Or enter a voltage or current value using the keyboard and press
the
key to apply the entered value.
Read the associated voltage or current value.
99
7.7
Ratio Card
The Ratio card is only available if it is enabled in the settings (Default Test Card
Selection).
Figure 7-10
Ratio card
The Ratio card shows the results of the ratio measurements. The results can be
displayed for each secondary winding. Select the winding in the Winding field.
The results of the ratio test can be found in 3 pages:
7.7.1
The Ratio card shows the voltage ratio and ratio error, the polarity, and the
phase displacement for the primary voltage, burden and power factor
defined in the Asset and Secondary cards.
The ratio error table shows the voltage ratio error for different primary
voltages at different burden values (depending on the selected standard,
see section 7.7.3 on page 102 and 7.7.4 on page 103).
The phase displacement table shows the phase displacement for different
primary voltages at different burden values (depending on the selected
standard, see section 7.7.3 on page 102 and 7.7.4 on page 103).
Available Soft Keys

Displays the ratio error table (refer to section 7.7.3 on page 102 and
7.7.4 on page 103).
Displays the phase displacement table (refer to section 7.7.3 on
page 102 and 7.7.4 on page 103).
100
7.7.2
Settings and Results

Field /
Description
Parameter
Winding
The results of the ratio measurements are displayed for the

winding selected in this field. Select the winding using the soft
keys.
(for example, 1a-1n, 2a-2n etc. depending on the number of
windings set in the Secondary card).
Default: 1a-1n.
Ratio
Measured voltage ratio and voltage ratio error (in %) for the
primary voltage, burden and power factor defined in the Asset
and Secondary cards.
Pol.
OK: Polarity OK, phase angle is in the range of 0 90.

Failed: Wrong polarity of the voltage transformer or wrong
polarity of the measurement leads.
Phase
Phase displacement for the primary voltage, burden and power

factor defined in the Asset and Secondary cards.
Kc
Displayed for CVTs/CCVTs only.

Ratio of the voltage applied to the capacitor divider to the opencircuit intermediate voltage.
101
7.7.3
Ratio Error Table and Phase Displacement Table for IEC

Standards
To display the ratio error table or the phase displacement table, press the
Ratio Table or Phase Table soft key in the Ratio card.
If the selected standard is IEC 60044-2 or IEC 61869-3 (for VTs), or
IEC 60044-5 or IEC 61869-5 (for CVTs), these tables show the ratio error and
the phase displacement
for different voltage values (depending on the voltage transformer type), and
at different percentages of the nominal burden defined in the Asset card.
The ratio error table and the phase displacement table contain all measurement
points defined in the standards IEC 60044-2 or IEC 61869-3 (for VTs) or
IEC 60044-5 or IEC 61869-5 (for CVTs).
Use the
and
and table lines.
Figure 7-11
cursor keys to scroll through the table columns
Displaying the ratio error table and the phase displacement

table in the Ratio card (voltage transformer with one secondary
winding; for IEC standards)
Note: Values that caused a failed assessment are highlighted by black

background in the tables if the Assessment card is enabled.
Note: For voltage transformers with more than one secondary winding, an
additional soft key All wdg.(s) loaded is available. See section 7.7.5 on
page 104 for more detailed information.
102
7.7.4
Ratio Error Table and Phase Displacement Table for IEEE

and ANSI Standard
To display the ratio error table or the phase displacement table, press the
Ratio Table or Phase Table soft key in the Ratio card.
If the selected standard is IEEE C57.13 (for VTs) or ANSI C93.1 (for CCVTs),
these tables show the ratio error and the phase displacement
for 90%, 100% and 110% of the rated voltage in case of IEEE C57.13 or
90% and 100% in case of ANSI C93.1, and
at the burden specified in the Secondary card and all burden values defined
in the standard that are equal to or lower than the specified burden if the user
selected the At this & lower burdens option for the Class parameter in the
Secondary card (see page 93),
or at the specific burden specified in the Secondary card if the user selected
the At specific burden option for the Class parameter in the Secondary
card (see page 93).
The ratio error table and the phase displacement table contain all measurement
points defined in the standard.
Use the
and
and table lines.
Figure 7-12
cursor keys to scroll through the table columns
Displaying the ratio error table and the phase displacement

table in the Ratio card (voltage transformer with one secondary
winding; for IEEE and ANSI standard)
Note: Values that caused a failed assessment are highlighted by black

background in the tables if the Assessment card is enabled.
Note: For voltage transformers with more than one secondary winding, an
additional soft key All wdg.(s) loaded is available. See section 7.7.5 on
page 104 for more detailed information.
103
7.7.5
Ratio Error Table and Phase Displacement Table for Voltage

Transformers with Multiple Secondary Windings
For voltage transformers with more than one secondary winding, an additional
soft key All wdg.(s) loaded is available1. By default, the values displayed in the
ratio error table and the phase displacement table apply to an "unloaded"
condition, which means that only the measured winding is loaded with the rated
burden and the other secondary windings are unloaded.
Press the All wdg.(s) loaded soft key to display the values for a "loaded"
condition where all secondary windings are loaded:
If the TSB is specified in the Secondary card (see page 92 and 94), the
displayed values apply to a load condition where all secondary windings are
loaded according to the specified TSB burden distribution (see page 94 and
96).
If no TSB is specified, the values shown in the table apply to a load condition
where all secondary windings are loaded with their rated burden.
After pressing All wdg.(s) loaded, the soft key changes to Other wdg.(s)
unloaded to enable the display of the default table again (that is, with the other
secondary windings unloaded).
Ratio error table for other

secondary windings unloaded
(default)
Figure 7-13
Ratio error table for all secondary

windings loaded according to the
specified TSB burden distribution
Ratio error tables for voltage transformers with more than one
secondary winding (other windings unloaded and all windings
loaded)
1. This soft key is possibly not available for some voltage transformers with two secondary
windings, particularly if one winding is a residual winding.
104
7.8
Assessment Card
The Assessment card is only available if it is enabled in the settings (Default
Test Card Selection).
The Assessment card shows the standard used for the test together with the
test assessments for the individual windings.
Figure 7-14
Assessment card
The automatic assessment is performed for each winding and, if applicable, for
each M and P class of each winding. The following test assessments are
possible:
"OK": The measurement results for this winding and class comply with the
requirements defined by the selected standard and the parameters set in the
Asset and the Secondary card.
"Failed": The results do not comply with the requirements.
"n/a": No assessment possible, for example due to incorrect polarity or

invalid measurement results.
It is also possible to perform a manual assessment for a winding. To do this,

select the winding to be assessed using the cursor keys and apply your
assessment using the OK, Failed or ? soft key (? = no manual assessment).
In case of the automatic assessment "Failed" or "n/a", you can display detailed
results by selecting the automatic assessment using the cursor keys and then
pressing the Details soft key. This will open a detailed error list showing each
invalid measurement point and each point outside the class limits.
Figure 7-15
Displaying the error list in case of a failed automatic assessment
The error list shows the type of measurement that failed together with the
deviation for the corresponding percentage of Upr and burden and an indication
if the other windings were loaded or not.
Use the Show Table soft key to display the corresponding ratio error or phase
displacement table (see section 7.7.3 on page 102 and 7.7.4 on page 103).
Values that caused a failed assessment are highlighted by black background in
these tables.
105
7.8.1
Assessment Conditions for VTs according to IEC 60044-2

Class
Condition for auto assessment "OK"
3P
Assessment is performed
6P
at 25 % and 100 % of the rated burden Sr and
at 2 %, 5 %, 100 % and 100 % * Fv of the rated primary voltage Upr.
0.1
0.2
at 25 % and 100 % of the rated burden Sr if ext. Sr = off1 or

at 0 % and 100 % of the rated burden Sr if ext. Sr = on1 and
at 80 %, 100 % and 120 % of the rated primary voltage Upr.
0.5
1. If the extended burden range is selected (parameter ext. Sr = On in Secondary card, only
possible if Sr < 10 VA), assessment is performed with 0 % and 100 % of the rated burden Sr.
7.8.2
Assessment Conditions for VTs according to IEC 61869-3

Class
3P
6P
at 0 % and 100 % (range I; cos = 1) or 25 % and 100 % (range II;

cos = 0.8) of the rated burden Sr and
at 2 %, 5 %, 100 % and 100 % * Fv of the rated primary voltage Upr.
0.1
0.2

0.5
1
3
106
7.8.3
Assessment Conditions for VTs according to IEEE C57.13

Class
0.15
Assessment is performed at the rated burden Sr and at burden = 0.
0.3
0.6
at the rated burden Sr and all lower burdens defined in the standard
(if the user selected the At this & lower burdens option for the
Class parameter in the Secondary card)
or only with the burden specified in the Secondary card (if the user
selected the At specific burden option for the Class parameter in
the Secondary card) and
1.2
7.8.4
Assessment Conditions for CVTs according to IEC 60044-5

Class
3P
6P

at 2 %, 5 %, 100 % and 100 % * Fv of the rated primary voltage

Upr.
0.2
0.5

1
3
107
7.8.5
Assessment Conditions for CVTs according to IEC 61869-5

Class
3P
6P

at 2 %, 5 %, 100 % and 100 % * Fv of the rated primary voltage

Upr.
0.2
0.5

1
3
7.8.6
108
Assessment Conditions for CCVTs according to

ANSI C93.1
Class
1.2R
at 5 %, 25 %, 90 % and 100 % of the rated primary voltage Upr.
0.3
0.6
1.2
at 90 % and 100 % of the rated primary voltage Upr.
7.9
Comment Card
The Comment card is only available if it is enabled in the settings (Default Test
Card Selection).
In the Comment card you can enter any text, for example, additional notes
regarding the current test.
Figure 7-16
Comment card
109
110
VOTANO PC Software
VOTANO PC Software
It is also possible to operate the VOTANO 100 remote controlled from a
computer. For this purpose, the VOTANO PC software contains a set of
software tools that assist you during your daily work with the VOTANO 100.
The following tools are installed with the VOTANO PC software:
VOTANO Start Page
VT Measurement Manager (guided VT test)
Ad Hoc Test
VT Reporting
VOTANO Update
OMICRON Device Browser
For detailed information about the VOTANO PC software, please click the
"VOTANO Help" hyperlink on the VOTANO Start Page.
8.1
System Requirements
The VOTANO PC software requires the following software installed on the
computer:
Operating system:
Windows XP SP3, Windows Vista SP1 32 bit, Windows 7 32 bit or 64 bit,
Windows 8 64 bit, Windows 8.1 64 bit.
Note: Windows XP requires administrative rights for your local machine
8.2
Microsoft Office (required for VT Reporting tool):

Office 2003 SP3, Office 2007 SP2, Office 2010 or Office 2013.
Installing the VOTANO PC Software

The VOTANO PC software and its installation program Setup Wizard are
included on the "VOTANO Software" CD ROM accompanying the
VOTANO 100. Proceed as follows to install the VOTANO PC software:
1. Exit all other major programs running on your computer.
2. Insert the "VOTANO Software" CD ROM into your computers CD ROM
drive. The Setup Wizard starts automatically.
Note: Should the Setup Wizard not start automatically a few seconds after
the CD has been inserted into the CD ROM drive, change to the Windows
Explorer and double-click setup.exe on the "VOTANO Software" CD ROM.
3. Follow the instructions displayed on the screen to install the software.
111
8.3
The VOTANO Start Page

The VOTANO Start Page is the central organizing element for the software tools
available for the VOTANO 100.
There are two ways to launch the VOTANO Start Page:
1. Select OMICRON VOTANO from the Windows Start menu.
2. Or double-click the OMICRON VOTANO desktop icon.
Figure 8-1 VOTANO Start Page

In the VOTANO Start Page, click VOTANO Help to open the help system with
detailed information about the tools of the VOTANO PC software.
112
Technical Data
Technical Data
The data are specified for an ambient temperature of 23C 5 (73F 9), a
power supply of 115/230VAC, and after a warm-up time longer than 15 minutes.
The data specified are valid for the period of one year after factory adjustment.
9.1
Mains Power Supply

Mains power supply
Connection
Connector according to IEC 60320-1 C14
Mains voltage
100 - 240 VAC / 50/60 Hz / 6 A

Instead of supplying the VOTANO 100 from
phase-neutral (L1-N, A-N), it may also be
supplied from phase-phase (for example, L1-L2,
A-B). However, the nominal voltage must not
exceed 240 VAC.
Mains fuses
9.2
2 x T6 AH 250 V,
(high-breaking capacity wire fuse 5 x 20 mm)
Outputs
Output LV TEST
Output voltage / current
AC: 40 Vrms / 5 Arms max.

DC: 120 V / 15 A max.
Output power
400VArms max.
Output HV RATIO TEST

Output voltage / current
4 kVrms / 40 mArms max.
Output power
160 VArms max.
113
9.3
Measurement Inputs
Input IN1 (LV TEST)
Voltage ranges
0 - 0.3 / 3 / 30 / 300 VAC (auto ranging)
Accuracy
0.1 % (guaranteed)
Input impedance
0 - 15 V: 1 M
15 - 150 V: 500 k to 1 M, depending on the
voltage. Input current is compensated by the
device.
Insulation
Reinforced insulation (R) to all other circuits
Input IN2 (LV TEST)

Voltage ranges
0 - 0.03 / 0.3 / 3 / 30 VAC (auto ranging)
Accuracy
0.1 % (guaranteed)
Input impedance
0 - 15 V: 330 k
15 - 30 V: 120 k to 330 k, depending on the
voltage.
Insulation
Input LV SECONDARY IN (HV RATIO TEST)

Voltage ranges
0 - 0.03 / 0.3 / 3 / 30 VAC (auto ranging)
Accuracy
0.1 % (guaranteed)
Input impedance
0 - 15 V: 330 k
15 - 30 V: 120 k to 330 k, depending on the
voltage.
Insulation
9.4
Ratio and Phase Measurement Accuracy

The VOTANO 100/VBO1 test system is factory calibrated prior to shipment
using an ISO 17025 calibrated reference voltage transformer. To assure the
accuracy of the measurement results, it is recommended to verify the calibration
at least once per year using a calibrated voltage transformer. If the
measurement results are not within the given limits, we recommend to send the
VOTANO 100 test set back to OMICRON for calibration (see "Support" on
page 133).
The VOTANO 100 uses a mathematical model based on the equivalent circuit
diagram of an inductive voltage transformer to calculate the ratio and phase
error. The stated typical accuracy values given for the ratio and phase error are
114
Technical Data
based on empirical measurement data obtained from calibrated voltage

transformers of different types and different age, and from different
manufacturers.
Note: The accuracy specified may be reduced under interfering conditions.
9.4.1
Accuracy Values for Inductive Voltage Transformers

Ratio measurement accuracy
Voltage ratio
Voltage level
Typical accuracy
1 - 350
0.6 - 35 kV
0.05 %
> 350 - 2450
> 35 kV - 245 kV
0.07 %
Phase measurement accuracy1

Voltage ratio
Voltage level
Typical accuracy
1 - 350
0.6 - 35 kV
1 min
> 350 - 2450
> 35 kV - 245 kV
2 min
1. Resolution for phase measurement: 0.01 min.
9.4.2
Accuracy Values for Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CVT)

and Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CCVT)
Note: An additional burden caused by the damping unit may influence the
accuracy if it is not considered for the measurement results. If known, the burden
value of the damping unit should be added to the highest winding.
Ratio measurement accuracy
Voltage ratio
Voltage level
Typical accuracy
300 - 8000
> 30 kV - 800 kV
0.07 %
Phase measurement accuracy1

Voltage ratio
Voltage level
Typical accuracy
300 - 8000
> 30 kV - 800 kV
2 min
1. Resolution for phase measurement: 0.01 min.
115
9.5
Compact Flash Card Interface

Compact Flash card interface
Card type
CF type 1
Allowed memory size
16 MB - 2 GB
9.6
D-Sub 9 Interfaces
9.6.1
Interface on VOTANO 100 & MAIN UNIT Interface on VBO1

The D-Sub 9 interface on the VOTANO 100 and the MAIN UNIT interface on the
VBO1 are exclusively intended to connect the VBO1 voltage booster to the
VOTANO 100.
9-pole D-Sub connector, male
Figure shows outside view onto the
pins!
nc
RTS (out)
CTS (in)
+ 15V
Do not connect!
For internal use only!
nc
RxD (data in / receive)
TxD (data out / transmit)
nc
GND (signal ground)
Housing: Shield (ground)
Figure 9-1
Pin assignment for D-Sub 9 interface on VOTANO 100 and

MAIN UNIT interface on VBO1
9-pole (DB9) cable, 2 x female

Connections required:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 shield
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 shield
Figure 9-2
116
D-Sub 9 cable to connect the VBO1 to the VOTANO 100
Technical Data
9.6.2
EMERGENCY STOP Interface on VBO1

The EMERGENCY STOP interface on the VBO1 is exclusively intended to
connect the emergency stop button delivered with the VOTANO 100/VBO1.
9-pole D-Sub connector, female
Figure shows outside view onto the
sockets!
nc
nc
nc
Emergency stop loop IN
Emergency stop loop OUT
Figure 9-3
9.7
Housing: Shield (ground)
gnd
gnd
nc
gnd
Pin assignment for EMERGENCY STOP interface
USB Interface
The USB interface on the VOTANO 100 is used to connect the VOTANO 100 to
a computer.
USB interface
(type B connector)
Figure 9-4
USB remote control interface (standard type B connector)
Note: Only use the original USB cable delivered by OMICRON or a shielded
USB cable with ferrite cores applied to connect the VOTANO 100 to a computer!
117
9.8
Environmental Conditions
9.8.1
Climate
Climate
Operating temperature
10 +50C (14 122F)
Storage and transportation
25 +70C (13 158F)
Max. altitude
2000 m
Humidity
5 95 % relative humidity, non-condensing

Tested acc. to IEC 60068-2-78, Cab,
Damp Heat: Temp. 40C, duration 48 h,
rel. humidity 95 %
9.8.2
Shock and Vibration

Dynamics
9.9
Vibration
Tested according to IEC 60068-2-6;

frequency range 10 150 Hz; acceleration
2 g continuous (20 m/s2); 20 cycles per axis
Shock
Tested according to IEC 60068-2-27

(operating mode); 15 g / 11 ms, half-sinusoid,
3 shocks in each axis
Mechanical Data
Data for VOTANO 100
Weight
< 8 kg (17.6 lbs) without accessories
Dimensions W x H x D
360 x 285 x 145 mm (14.2 x 11.2 x 5.7")
Degree of protection
IP20 according to EN 60529
Data for VBO1
118
Weight
< 7 kg (15.43 lbs) without accessories
Dimensions W x H x D
357 x 235 x 111 mm (14.1 x 9.2 x 4.4")
Degree of protection
IP20 according to EN 60529
Technical Data
9.10
Safety Standards, Electromagnetic Compatibility

(EMC)
CE Conformity, Requirements
The product adheres to the specifications of the guidelines of the Council of
the European Community for meeting the requirements of the member states
regarding the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Directive 2004/108/EC and
the low-voltage Directive 2006/95/EC.
EMC
Emission
Europe
International
USA
EN 61326-1 Class A
IEC 61326-1 Class A
FCC Subpart B of Part 15 Class A
Immunity
Europe
International
EN 61326-1
IEC 61326-1
Certified Safety Standards

Europe
International
USA
EN 61010-1
IEC 61010-1
UL 61010-1
119
120
User Maintenance
10
User Maintenance
10.1
Care and Cleaning

The VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 do not require any special maintenance or
care. Clean the devices from time to time or as necessary using a cloth
dampened with water or isopropanol alcohol. Always switch off and disconnect
the devices prior to cleaning!
10.2
Replacing Fuses on the VOTANO 100

1. Turn off the VOTANO 100 and unplug the power cord.
2. Disconnect the VBO1 from the VOTANO 100.
3. Locate the blown fuse on the side panel of the VOTANO 100 and replace it
by an identical fuse type: T6.3AH 250 V (6.3 Amps slow-acting high
breaking capacity wire fuse 5 x 20mm). The VOTANO 100 has two fuses of
the same type.
10.3
Calibrating the VOTANO 100

The VOTANO 100/VBO1 test system is factory calibrated prior to shipment
using an ISO 17025 calibrated reference voltage transformer. To assure the
accuracy of the measurement results, it is recommended to verify the calibration
at least once per year using a calibrated voltage transformer. If the
measurement results are not within the given limits, we recommend to send the
VOTANO 100 test set back to OMICRON for calibration (see "Support" on
page 133).
10.4
Function Test for the Emergency Stop Button

The correct function of the emergency stop button and its switching contact has
to be checked regularly using an ohmmeter or a continuity tester, for example.
121
122
Error and Warning Messages
11

001
Error [001] No valid VOTANO SW found. Insert a CF card with valid software and press
<Update Firmw.>!
Reason:
No valid software in flash memory (checksum is not correct).
Solution:
Insert a Compact Flash card with valid software (VOTANO.bin) in the directory
A:\Omicron and switch the device on and off.
002
Error [002] Can't open file!

Reason:
The firmware cannot read the file VOTANO.bin from the Compact Flash card
because of missing Compact Flash card or missing file.
Solution:
003
Error [003] Download error!

Reason:
The downloaded software is corrupt.
Solution:
100.xxx
Warning [100.xxx] VT resistance > 3000 Ohm.

Reason:
The secondary winding resistance test determined a resistance > 3000 ohms.
Solution:
The test cannot be continued. Check the connections to the voltage
transformer. If the connections are ok, the winding resistance is > 3000 Ohm.
Such voltage transformers cannot be tested with the VOTANO 100.
101.xxx
Warning [101.xxx] Timeout during measurement. No constant winding resistance can

be determined within 3 min.
Reason:
No constant secondary or primary winding resistance can be determined within
3 minutes.
Solution:
The test cannot be continued. Check the connections to the voltage
transformer.
115.xxx
Warning [115.xxx] Invalid eddy losses measurement.

Reason:
The eddy losses cannot be determined reliably.
Solution:
Verify the wiring and repeat the test. If the error message is displayed
repeatedly, testing this voltage transformer with the VOTANO 100 is currently
not possible.
121.xxx
Warning [121.xxx] Test not successful! Reverse polarity. Check wiring and repeat the
measurement.
Reason:
Reversed polarity of the measurement leads to the primary side.
Solution:
Reverse the polarity of the measurement leads for the primary or the secondary
side.
201.xxx
Warning [201.xxx] Check connection! OUTPUT may be disconnected.

Reason:
The VOTANO 100 output is possibly disconnected.
Solution:
Check the output wiring of the VOTANO 100.
202.xxx
Warning [202.xxx] Check connection! Input 1 may be disconnected.

Reason:
The VOTANO 100 input 1 is possibly disconnected.
Solution:
Check the wiring for input 1 of the VOTANO 100.
203.xxx
Warning [203.xxx] Check connection! Input 2 may be disconnected.

Reason:
The VOTANO 100 input 2 is possibly disconnected.
Solution:
Check the wiring for input 2 of the VOTANO 100.
204.xxx
Warning [204.xxx] Check connection! Polarity of input 1 and power output are not the
same.
Reason:
The polarity measured for input 1 and the output of the VOTANO 100 are not
the same.
Solution:
Check the polarity of the wiring on the output and input 1.
123
124
205.xxx
Warning [205.xxx] Check connection! Polarity of input 2 and power output are not the
same.
Reason:
The polarity measured for input 2 and the output of the VOTANO 100 are not
the same.
Solution:
Check the polarity of the wiring on the output and input 2.
206.xxx
Warning [206.xxx] Check connection! Ensure that the VBO1 HV output is connected to
the primary side of the VT.
Reason:
The HV output of the VBO1 is disconnected during a high-voltage
measurement.
Solution:
Check that the wiring of the VBO1 HV output is connected properly to the
primary side of the voltage transformer.
207.xxx
Warning [207.xxx] Check connection! Ensure that VBO1 HV Output is disconnected.

Reason:
The HV output of the VBO1 is active during a low-voltage measurement.
Solution:
Make sure that the VBO1 HV output is not active.
208.xxx
Warning [208.xxx] Check connection! Make sure that VT primary is short-circuited.

Reason:
The primary side of the voltage transformer is open during the primary shortcircuit impedance measurement.
Solution:
Make sure that the primary side of the voltage transformer is short-circuited.
209.xxx
Warning [209.xxx] Check connection! Make sure that VT secondary winding %s is

short-circuited.
Reason:
Secondary winding xx is open during the secondary short-circuit impedance
measurement.
Solution:
Make sure that the secondary winding xx of the voltage transformer is shortcircuited.
210.xxx
Warning [210.xxx] Check connection! Make sure that VT primary and/or VT secondary
winding xx are not short-circuited.
Reason:
The primary side or secondary winding xx is short-circuited during the winding
resistance or the excitation measurement.
Solution:
Make sure that the primary winding and/or secondary winding xx of the voltage
transformer is not short-circuited.
211.xxx
Warning [211.xxx] Check connection! Reverse VT polarity detected. Make sure that
polarity of connected VT primary and secondary winding is the same.
Reason:
Reversed polarity of the voltage transformer under test.
Solution:
Check the polarity of the wiring to the voltage transformer.
212.xxx
Warning [212.xxx] Check connection! Ensure that HV terminal A is connected to NHF

terminal.
Reason:
The primary terminals A and NHF are open during the CVT/CCVT inductive
ratio measurement.
Solution:
Make sure that a short-circuit link is applied between terminal A and terminal
NHF.
213.xxx
Warning [213.xxx] Check connection! Make sure that A and NHF terminals are
grounded.
Reason:
The terminals A and NHF of the CVT/CCVT are not grounded.
Solution:
Make sure that terminals A and NHF of the CVT/CCVT are grounded.
214.xxx
Warning [214.xxx] Check connection! Make sure that A and NHF terminals are not
grounded.
Reason:
The terminals A and/or NHF of the CVT/CCVT are grounded.
Solution:
Make sure that terminals A and NHF of the CVT/CCVT are not grounded.
215.xxx
Warning [215.xxx] Check connection! Make sure that connected VT has the same rated
transformation ratio as specified in Asset card of VOTANO.
Reason:
The measurement delivered an invalid ratio.
Solution:
Make sure that the ratio specified for the voltage transformer corresponds to
the nominal ratio stated on the voltage transformers name plate.
220.xxx
Warning [220.xxx] Test aborted!

Reason:
The test sequence was interrupted by the user.
Solution:
Repeat the test without interrupting it.
221.xxx
Warning [221.xxx] Permanent data overflow.

Reason:
Internal data buffer overflow. Data from the internal data buffer were not
fetched fast enough.
Solution:
Try to repeat the measurement. If this error occurs more frequently, contact
your OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on page 133).
222.xxx
Warning [222.xxx] Measurement timeout. The time allotted for a given measurement to
complete was exceeded. Verify the connections and, if possible, reduce disturbance
level.
Reason:
Measurement timeout due to frequent range switching or invalid data from the
measurement inputs.
Solution:
Check the wiring and repeat the measurement. Try to reduce noise for the
measurement.
230.xxx
Warning [230.xxx] Test timeout. The time alloted for the entire VT test to complete was
exceeded. Verify the connections and, if possible, reduce disturbance level.
Reason:
The duration of a single test exceeds the maximum time of 20 minutes.
Solution:
Check the wiring/connection and repeat the measurement.
308.xxx
Warning [308.xxx] Please select at least one test for a VT measurement.

Reason:
No measurement card selected.
Solution:
Select at least one of the following test cards: Short-Circuit Impedance,
Secondary Winding Resistance, Excitation or Ratio.
309.xxx
Note [309.xxx] Specify all VT settings marked with <*>.

Reason:
At least one of the required settings is not defined.
Solution:
Check that all required settings marked with a star '*' are defined.
312.xxx
Warning [312.xxx] Missing license(s): ...

Reason:
The license displayed with the error message is missing.
Solution:
A corresponding license is required to perform the desired test. If necessary,
add the license. For up-to-date information about the licenses and packages
available for the VOTANO 100 please refer to the OMICRON website
(see "Support" on page 133).
401.xxx
Warning [401.xxx] Emergency stop button is locked or VBO1 is disconnected. Ensure

that VBO1 is connected to VOTANO. Emergency stop button should be connected to
the Emergency Stop interface on the VBO1 and unlocked.
Reason:
No connection between the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 or connection
interrupted.
Solution:
Restore the connection between VOTANO 100 and VBO1, make sure that the
emergency stop button is connected to the Emergency Stop interface on the
VBO1 and unlocked, and then restart the measurement.
402.xxx
Warning [402.xxx] VBO1 communication error.

Reason:
Communication between the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 failed.
Solution:
Restore the connection between the VOTANO 100 and the VBO1 and restart
the measurement.
403.xxx
Warning [403.xxx] Firmware download to VBO1 failed! Error: %d

Reason:
VBO1 firmware download failed.
Solution:
Make sure that the VBO1 is connected properly to the VOTANO 100 and
repeat the firmware download for the VBO1.
404.xxx
Warning [404.xxx] Invalid calibration data of VBO1. Contact the next OMICRON service
centre.
Reason:
The VBO1 contains invalid calibration data.
Solution:
The VBO1 accessory should be calibrated properly for use with the
VOTANO 100. Contact your OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on
page 133).
405.xxx
Warning [405.xxx] VBO1 temperature out of range!

Reason:
Overtemperature or undertemperature of the VBO1 detected.
Solution:
Wait until the VBO1 has cooled down or warmed up and restart the
measurement.
125
126
406.xxx
Warning [406.xxx] VBO1 earth connection check failed!

Reason:
Ground connection of the VBO1 is missing.
Solution:
Restore the ground connection of the VBO1 and restart the measurement.
407.xxx
Warning [407.xxx] VBO1 current limit is reached!

Reason:
Overcurrent in the VBO1 detected.
Solution:
Make sure that the VBO1 high-voltage output is not short-circuited.
501.xxx
No message displayed on the VOTANO 100. Message only displayed on remote PC

connected to the VOTANO 100.
Reason:
The remote interface handler couldn't decipher the command.
Solution:
Remote interface error. Check the connection between VOTANO 100 and PC.
504.xxx

Reason:
Data transmission error.
Solution:
Check the connection between VOTANO 100 and PC.
505.xxx

Reason:
Data transmission error.
Solution:
510.xxx

Reason:
Failed to get the required measurement data because the measurement is still
running.
Solution:
511.xxx

Reason:
Remote interface error: Failed to unzip the transmitted data block.
Solution:
513.xxx

Reason:
The current remote interface command is not allowed.
Solution:
Make sure that the current VOTANO 100 state allows the execution of the
command.
514.xxx

Reason:
Remote interface error: Remote command was submitted with an invalid
parameter.
Solution:
Verify the parameter (index) submitted with the remote interface command.
564.xxx
Warning [564.xxx] Size of file [FileName] >= 1 Mbyte.

Reason:
The size of the file copied to the VOTANO 100 Compact Flash card or virtual
disc is > 1 MB.
Solution:
Avoid transfer of large files (> 1 MB) to VOTANO 100.
800.xxx
Warning [800.xxx] Flash card access error. Internal file system error.
Reason:
The file system sent an error message.
Solution:
Compact Flash card is possibly corrupt. Use a new Compact Flash card.
801.xxx
Warning [801.xxx] Flash card access error. Invalid file name or path.
Reason:
Solution:
The Compact Flash card is possibly corrupt. Try to backup the data to a PC and
format the Compact Flash card.
802.xxx
Warning [802.xxx] Flash card access error. Access denied.

Reason:
The file system sent an error message. You tried to open a "read-only" file or a
special directory.
Solution:
Access the Compact Flash card on a PC and remove the "read-only" file
attribute. File attributes cannot be modified with the VOTANO 100.
803.xxx
Warning [803.xxx] Flash card access error. File or folder already exists.
Reason:
Solution:
Enter a different file or folder name.
804.xxx
Warning [804.xxx] Flash card access error. Disk full.

Reason:
Solution:
Delete some files on the Compact Flash card or insert a new Compact Flash
card.
805.xxx
Warning [805.xxx] Flash card access error. No or corrupt flash card.

Reason:
No or no valid Compact Flash card can be found.
Solution:
Insert a valid Compact Flash card.
806.xxx
Warning [806.xxx] Flash card access error. Corrupt directory structure.

Reason:
Solution:
Try to backup the data on the Compact Flash card to a PC and perform
formatting of the Compact Flash card.
807.xxx
Warning [807.xxx] Nothing to paste.

Reason:
No file(s) selected to paste.
Solution:
Select one or more files using the Copy or Cut function and try again.
808.xxx
Warning [808.xxx] Renaming of folders not supported.

Reason:
This action is not supported.
Solution:
Renaming of folders is not supported by the VOTANO 100.
809.xxx
Warning [809.xxx] Are you sure you want to format the CF card? All data will be lost!
Reason:
This warning always appears before formatting of a Compact Flash card is
executed, since all data stored on the Compact Flash card will be erased during
formatting.
Solution:
Press Format to start formatting or Abort to cancel the operation without
formatting the Compact Flash card.
810.xxx
Warning [810.xxx] File exists. Do you want to overwrite it?

Reason:
The file name used to save the data already exists. This warning always
appears before overwriting files on the Compact Flash card.
Solution:
Enter another file name, if desired.
811.xxx
Warning [811.xxx] Are you sure you want to delete <File Name>?
Reason:
This warning always appears prior to the deletion of a file on the Compact Flash
card.
Solution:
Press Yes to delete the file or No to return to the file system card without
deleting the file.
812.xxx
Warning [812.xxx] Are you sure you want to delete all selected files?
Reason:
This warning always appears prior to the deletion of files on the Compact Flash
card.
Solution:
Press Yes to delete the files or No to return to the file system card without
deleting the files.
814.xxx
Note [814.xxx] Invalid user text! You must download at least version : xxx or higher. The
language is set to English.
Reason:
The user text file is not compatible with the installed firmware version.
Solution:
Update the user texts with a file that is compatible to the installed firmware
version (shown in error message).
815.xxx
Error [815.xxx] Folder must be empty. Can't remove folder <Folder Name>.
Reason:
The folder selected for deletion is not empty. Only empty folders can be
deleted.
Solution:
Navigate to the folder you want to delete. Open the folder and delete all
contained files and subfolders. Then you can delete the empty folder.
818.xxx
Warning [818.xxx] Moving of folders not supported.

Reason:
Moving of folders is not supported by the VOTANO 100.
Solution:
Select only files to move, not folders. Using the shift key and the up/down
cursor keys it is possible to select any number of files within a folder.
127
128
819.xxx
Warning [819.xxx] File name contains an invalid character.

Reason:
An invalid character was used to specify the file name.
Invalid characters: \ / : * ? \ < > |
Solution:
Only use valid characters for the file name.
820.xxx
Error [820.xxx] Memory management error. Contact the next OMICRON service center.
Reason:
Memory management error.
Solution:
Switch the VOTANO 100 off, wait a second then switch it on again. If this error
occurs more frequently, you should contact your next OMICRON Service
Center (see "Support" on page 133).
821.xxx
Error [821.xxx] Could not update firmware.

Reason:
An error has occurred in the boot loader software.
Solution:
A:\Omicron\ and switch the VOTANO 100 off and on again.
823.xxx
Error [823.xxx] Could not update user text!

Reason:
An error has occurred in the boot loader software.
Solution:
Insert a Compact Flash card with valid software (VTUser_xxx.bin) in the
directory A:\Omicron\ and try again.
824.xxx
Error [824.xxx] An internal software error has occurred at address xxxxxxxH. To log this
error, make sure that a CF card is inserted and then press OK. Please send the file
\OMICRON\ErrorLog.xml on the CF card to the next OMICRON service center.
Reason:
Invalid result in a floating point operation (NaN).
Solution:
Contact your next OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on page 133).
826.xxx
Error [826.xxx] Invalid firmware update file!

Reason:
You tried to perform a firmware update using a wrong firmware file (for
example, not an VOTANO.bin file).
Solution:
Insert a Compact Flash card with a valid firmware update file (VOTANO.bin) in
the directory A:\Omicron\ and try again.
830.xxx
License < ... > is invalid.

Reason:
An invalid license entry was found in the license file Omicron.lic on the
Compact Flash Card.
Solution:
Specify a valid license key.
832.000
Lifetime of relays near end. Contact the next OMICRON service center soon to arrange
a hardware service.
Reason:
The relays inside the VOTANO 100 near the end of their lifetime (more than
1,000,000 measurements performed).
Solution:
Arrange a hardware service in order to replace the relays (see "Support" on
page 133).
833.000
You are about to load a report with an invalid hash code. Some measurement values
may not be authentic.
Reason:
The file checksum is not valid.
Solution:
Check the authenticity of the report file loaded.
834.000
No valid license was found in this file!

Reason:
No valid license found.
Solution:
Check the license file. The license possibly does not correspond to the serial
number of the VOTANO 100.
835.000
VOTANO-Report file error.

Reason:
Invalid xml report file.
Solution:
Load only valid VOTANO 100 reports.
836.000
Xml file is not a valid VOTANO Report.

Reason:
Invalid xml report.
Solution:
837.000
Xml-Report: Node <%s> not found.

Reason:
Missing xml report node.
Solution:
838.000
No message displayed on the VOTANO 100. Message only displayed on PC connected to the
VOTANO 100.
Reason:
Licenses mismatch between VOTANO 100 and simulation file.
Solution:
Check the simulation file or add a corresponding license on the VOTANO 100.
900.xxx
Error [900.xxx] Power supply error. Switch off the device and wait 1 minute to restart.
Reason:
The output power was larger than 350VA or the power supply is defective.
Solution:
Switch the VOTANO 100 off, wait 1 minute and then switch it on again. If this
error occurs more frequently, you should contact your next OMICRON Service
901.xxx
Warning [901.xxx] Protective earth (PE) connection in power supply cord missing.
Connect PE to equipotential terminal. Lethal voltage may occur on housing and all
terminals.
Reason:
Earth wire break, no earth wire connected or device is supplied via an isolation
transformer.
Solution:
The mains supply does not have reference to protective earth or protective
earth is not connected. The mains supply must have galvanic connection to PE.
If you are using an isolation transformer, connect one supply line of the
VOTANO 100 to PE.
WARNING
Do not use the VOTANO 100 without a solid connection to protective

ground (PE). Lethal voltages may occur at the housing if the grounding
terminal of the device is not connected to protective earth potential.
Always connect the grounding terminals of the VOTANO 100 and the
VBO1 to protective ground (PE) using a solid connection of at least
6mm2.
NOTICE
Comment:
Do not use the VOTANO 100 with a mains supply that is galvanically
isolated from earth potential. This could damage the device.
Only use the VOTANO 100 with a mains supply that is galvanically
connected to PE.
If a galvanically isolated mains supply is used, voltage stress may occur for the
insulation system, the device is not constructed for. Safety is no longer
guaranteed! Therefore, always use a mains power cord with a protective
earthing conductor connected to PE of the mains supply. Connect the
grounding terminal of the device to protective earth in order to prevent electric
shock caused by lethal voltages possibly present at the housing.
129
903.xxx
Warning [903.xxx] Excessive reverse power, don't disconnect any wires, don't switch
off mains, wait until power is dissipated. ATTENTION: Lethal voltages on output
terminals!
Reason:
The device receives excessive reverse power so that the power output had to
be shortened to prevent overload of the internal output stage.
Solution:
This error is displayed if an excess amount of energy is fed back into the
VOTANO 100. The VOTANO 100 discharges the connected inductor with
approximately 20Ws, but depending on the connected inductance the
discharge process may take some time.
Safety action: All measurements are stopped until reverse power is dissipated. The beeper
indicates this state by an intermittent beep (1 s interval).
WARNING
130
Do not disconnect any wires and do not switch off the VOTANO 100
while this message is displayed. Lethal voltages of up to many kV can
occur otherwise.
Wait until the power is dissipated and the message disappeared.
904.xxx
Error [904.xxx] Power supply error. Contact next Omicron service center.
Reason:
Temperature limit of secondary power supply exceeded.
Solution:
It is not possible to acknowledge this error until the temperature is back in safe
limits. If this error occurs, please contact your next OMICRON Service Center
(see "Support" on page 133).
Safety action: All measurements are stopped.
905.xxx
Error [905.xxx] Over-temperature of power supply, wait until device has cooled down.
Reason:
The secondary side power supply has reached the warning temperature limit
and entered the save mode to cool down.
Solution:
When this error is acknowledged as long it is active, the popup window is
closed and only the message in the status line remains active until the
overtemperature disappears. If the error is not acknowledged, the popup
window remains active.
Comment:
The status line displays the flashing message "905.xxx Overtemp.".
Safety action: All measurements are stopped and the error message is displayed in the status
line and a popup window. After acknowledgement, the software waits at least
1 minute before the test can be started again.
906.xxx
Error [906.xxx] Excess temperature of power supply, wait until device has cooled down.
Reason:
The primary side power supply has reached its warning temperature limit and
entered the save mode to cool down.
Solution:
When this error is acknowledged as long it is active, the popup window is
closed and only the message in the status line remains active until the
overtemperature disappears. If the error is not acknowledged, the popup
window remains active.
Comment:
Safety action: All measurements are stopped and the error message is displayed in the status
line and a popup window. After acknowledgement, the software waits at least
1 minute before the test can be started again.
908.xxx
Error [908.xxx] Device shut down.

Reason:
Internal power failure on the measurement interface module.
Solution:
The message is active as long as the internal power for the measurement
interface fails. Contact the next OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on
page 133) if the error does not disappear.
910.xxx
Error [910.xxx] Internal hardware error

Reason:
Overload of the internal power stage. The voltage on the output capacitor is as
high that the mode of the return path cannot be changed.
Solution:
Try to start the measurement again.
911.xxx
Error [911.xxx] Power supply error, contact next Omicron service center. Desired
voltage xxxx, measured voltage yyyy.
Reason:
A supply voltage on the measurement interface board is out of tolerance.
Solution:
Comment:
Working with the device is no longer possible.
912.xxx
Error [912.xxx] Excess internal temperature, wait until device has cooled down.
Reason:
Device-internal temperature at measurement interface > 75C.
Solution:
Excessive heating of the device. Prevent the device from direct sunlight and
wait until it has cooled down. If the error occurs without previous exposure to
direct sunlight, the error is probably caused by a hardware error. Please
contact your next OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on page 133).
Comment:
Safety action: All measurements are stopped and the error is displayed in the status line and
in a popup window. The error is active until the temperature falls below 60C.
929.xxx
Error [929.xxx] Hardware failure, contact next Omicron service center.

Reason:
The circuit for reverse power dissipation does not work properly.
Solution:
Safety action: All measurements are stopped and the power supply is switched off.
930.xxx
Error [930.xxx] Measurement input INPUT 1 defective, contact next Omicron service
center.
Reason:
Power supply for analog input "Vsec" is defective.
Solution:
931.xxx
Error [931.xxx] Measurement input INPUT 2 defective, contact next Omicron service
center.
Reason:
Power supply for analog input "Vprim" is defective.
Solution:
932.xxx
Error [932.xxx] Data error.

Reason:
The sequence for reading the analog input channels is not correct.
Solution:
If this error occurs more frequently, contact your next OMICRON Service
933.xxx
Error [933.xxx] Hardware failure, contact next Omicron service center.

Reason:
Temperature detection circuit on secondary side is defective.
Solution:
Send the device to your next OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on
page 133).
Safety action: Power supply is switched off and all measurements are disabled.
934.xxx
Warning [934.xxx] Reverse power, don't disconnect any wires, don't switch off mains,
wait until power is dissipated. I = xxxxA.
Reason:
The device receives reverse power of > 20mA.
Solution:
Wait until the power is dissipated within the device and the error message
disappears.
Safety action: All measurements are stopped until reverse power is dissipated. The beeper
indicates this state by an intermittent beep (1 s interval).
935.xxx
Error [935.xxx] No valid VOTANO software. Insert a CF card with valid software and
press "Update Firmw.".
Reason:
Cannot load the user interface texts of the firmware from the flash memory.
Solution:
A:\Omicron.
936.xxx
Warning [936.xxx] Corrupt Calibration Data for voltage inputs. Change to tools menu
and try to reset factory calibration. Until update of calibration data the device will be not
calibrated.
Reason:
The calibration data checksum for the analog inputs is not correct.
Solution:
Try to update the factory calibration using the tools menu. If this does not solve
the problem, contact your next OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on
page 133).
131
132
937.xxx
Warning [937.xxx] Corrupt Calibration Data for power output. Change to tools menu and
try to update factory calibration. Until update of calibration data the device will be not
calibrated.
Reason:
The calibration data checksum for the power output is not correct.
Solution:
Try to update the factory calibration using the tools menu. If this does not solve
the problem, contact your next OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on
page 133).
938.xxx
Warning [938.xxx] MIF data block 1 corrupt.

Reason:
The checksum of the factory settings data is faulty.
Solution:
Licensing or device settings data are possibly corrupt. Contact your next
OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on page 133).
939.xxx
Warning [939.xxx] MIF data block 2 corrupt.

Reason:
The checksum of the factory settings data is faulty.
Solution:
Licensing or device settings data are possibly corrupt. Contact your next
OMICRON Service Center (see "Support" on page 133).
940.xxx
Warning [940.xxx] CMOS data block corrupt. Check all device settings. Press Clear
Values to work with default values. Press OK to work with corrupt device settings.
Reason:
Device settings data block corrupt.
Solution:
Check all device settings.
941.xxx
Error [941.xxx] Corrupt factory calibration data for voltage inputs. Contact next
Omicron service center.
Reason:
Factory calibration data block for voltage inputs corrupt.
Solution:
942.xxx
Error [942.xxx] Corrupt factory calibration data for power unit. Contact next Omicron
service center.
Reason:
Factory calibration data corrupt.
Solution:
943.xxx
Error [943.xxx] Error overwriting calibration data.

Reason:
Factory calibration data cannot be restored.
Solution:
944.xxx
Warning [944.xxx] Corrupt user text! Change to tools menu and try to update text. Until
update of user text, the device will use default text.
Reason:
Checksum for user text is invalid.
Solution:
Copy a user text file (VTUser_xxx.bin) to the directory A:\Omicron\ on the
Compact Flash card and try to update the user texts using the "Update Text"
function in the tools menu.
945.xxx
Error [945.xxx] Error overwriting calibration data.

Reason:
Factory calibration data cannot be restored.
Solution:
Support
Support
When you are working with our products we want to provide you with the
greatest possible benefits. If you need any support, we are here to assist you!
24/7 Technical Support Get Support

www.omicron.at/support
www.omicronusa.com/support
At our technical support hotline, you can reach well-educated technicians for all
of your questions. Around the clock competent and free of charge.
Make use of our 24/7 international technical support hotline:
Americas: +1 713 830-4660 or +1 800-OMICRON
Asia-Pacific: +852 3767 5500
Europe / Middle East / Africa: +43 59495 4444
Additionally, you can find our Service Center or Sales Partner closest to you at
www.omicron.at or www.omicronusa.com.
Customer Area Stay Informed

www.omicron.at/customer
www.omicronusa.com/customer
The customer area on our website is an international knowledge exchange
platform. Download the latest software updates for all products and share your
own experiences in our user forum.
Browse through the knowledge library and find application notes, conference
papers, articles about daily working experiences, user manuals and much more.
OMICRON Academy Learn More

www.omicron.at/academy
www.omicronusa.com/academy
Learn more about your product in one of the training courses offered by the
OMICRON Academy.
OMICRON electronics GmbH, Oberes Ried 1, 6833 Klaus, Austria, +43 59495
133
134
Index
Index
A
ad hoc test 44, 73
connection 66
Ad Hoc Test (main menu) 73
ambient temperature (default setting) 79
Assessment card 105
assessment conditions 106, 107, 108
Asset card 88
auto save 41, 76
B
beep sound to indicate excitation &
ratio measurement 80
C
calibration 121
care and cleaning 121
climate conditions 118
Comment card 109
Compact Flash memory card 18, 116
computer requirements for VOTANO PC software 111
configuring the VOTANO 100 71
connecting the test object
ad hoc test 66
CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement 60
CVT/CCVT ratio measurement 58
excitation measurement 56
general 47
prim. short-circuit impedance measurement 48
sec. short-circuit impedance measurement 54
VT ratio measurement 62
winding resistance measurement 51
contrast setting (display) 79
copying a file 76
creating a folder 75
cutting a file 76
CVT/CCVT inductive ratio measurement,
connection 60
CVT/CCVT ratio measurement, connection 58
D
date/time (setting) 79
default settings 77
default test cards selection 77, 80
default test parameters 77
default test set configuration

limit VBO1 test voltage option 78
Wiring Check option 79
delay for test start 80
deleting a file or folder 74
dependencies of test cards 80
dimensions 118
display contrast (setting) 79
display on the VOTANO 100 20
displaying a specific test card 71
E
editing a test card 72
emergency stop button 23, 25
EN 50110-1 9
EN 50191 9
environmental conditions 118
error and warning messages 123
Excitation card 99
excitation measurement, connection 56
F
File Handling (main menu) 74
file system
copying a file 76
creating a folder 75
cutting a file 76
deleting a file or folder 74
loading a file 74
navigating 75
pasting a file 76
renaming a file 74
saving a file 76
firmware update 82
firmware version 2
functional components
VBO1 22
VOTANO 100 16
functional scope, license-depending 26
fuse on the VOTANO 100 17
fuse replacement 121
G
grounding terminal on the VBO1 23
grounding terminal on the VOTANO 100 17
guided test 38
Guided VT test (main menu) 73
135
H
hardware
Compact Flash memory card slot
(VOTANO 100) 18
display (VOTANO 100) 20
emergency stop button 25
fuse (VOTANO 100) 17
grounding terminal (VBO1) 23
grounding terminal (VOTANO 100) 17
I/0 key (VOTANO 100) 18
inputs and outputs (VBO1) 24
inputs and outputs (VOTANO 100) 19
interface to emergency stop button (VBO1) 23
interface to VOTANO 100 (VBO1) 23
interface VOTANO 100 - PC 17
interface VOTANO 100 - VBO1 17
keyboard 21
mains connection unit (VOTANO 100) 17
on/off switch (VOTANO 100) 17
overview (VBO1) 22
overview (VOTANO 100) 16
soft keys (VOTANO 100) 20
status LEDs (VOTANO 100) 18
help system 85
limit VBO1 test voltage 78, 90

Limit VBO1 test voltage option 78
loading a file 74
M
Main Menu 72
Ad Hoc Test 73
File Handling 74
Guided VT test 73
Settings 77
Simulation 73
Tools Menu 82
mains fuse on the VOTANO 100 17
mains fuse replacement 121
mains socket on the VOTANO 100 17
maintenance 121
max. VBO1 test voltage 78, 90
minimum computer requirements for VOTANO PC
software 111
N
navigating in the file system 75
I
I/0 key on the VOTANO 100 18
icons displayed in status line 20
IEEE 510 9
ignore wiring check 79
inputs
VBO1 24
VOTANO 100 19
installation
VOTANO PC software 111
interface
VBO1 - emergency stop button 23
VBO1 - VOTANO 100 23
VOTANO 100 - PC 17, 117
VOTANO 100 - VBO1 17, 116
K
keyboard 21
L
language selection 77
language update 82
license update 82
licenses 26
136
O
on/off switch on the VOTANO 100 17
operating the VOTANO 100 71
operation from computer 85
outputs
VBO1 24
VOTANO 100 19
P
pasting a file 76
PC software 111
phase displacement table 102, 103
preparation for test 27
primary short-circuit impedance measurement,
connection 48
R
Ratio card 100
ratio/phase table 102, 103
ratio error table 102, 103
remote operation from PC 85
renaming a file 74
replacing the fuse 121
Index
Resistance card 98
running a test 31
S
S/C Impedance card 97
safety
instructions 9, 10
rules 9, 10
saving a file 76
scope of delivery 26
Secondary card 91
secondary short-circuit impedance measurement,
connection 54
Settings (main menu) 77
setup, test 27
shock and vibration conditions 118
Simulation (main menu) 73
simulation mode 42, 73
soft keys
description 20
using the soft keys 71
software version 2
sound (beep) 80
start delay (default selection) 80
status LEDs on the VOTANO 100 18
symbols displayed in status line 20
system requirements for VOTANO PC software 111
T
technical data 113
temperature unit (default selection) 79
test card dependencies 80
test cards
Assessment card 105
Asset card 88
Comment card 109
dependencies 80
displaying a specific test card 71
editing a test card 72
Excitation card 99
overview 87
Ratio card 100
Ratio/phase table in Ratio card 102, 103
Resistance card 98
S/C Impedance card 97
Secondary card 91
test cards (default selection) 77, 80
test execution 32
test parameters 77
test sequence
guided test 38
overview 32
simulation 42
workflow 32
test setup 27
time/date (setting) 79
Tools Menu (main menu) 82
update firmware 82
update licenses 82
update text 82
TSB (total simultaneous burden) 92
U
update firmware 82
update licenses 82
update user interface language 82
USB interface 17, 117
user interface language
selection 77
update 82
user maintenance 121
V
version
VOTANO 100 firmware 2
VOTANO 100 help system 85
VOTANO.vta auto save file 41, 76
VT parameters (default) 77
VT ratio measurement
connection 62
W
warning messages 123
weight 118
winding resistance measurement, connection 51
Wiring Check option (enable/ignore) 79
workflow for running a test 32
137
138

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VOTANO 100

VOTANO 100 User Manual

Manual Version: VOTANO100UM.ENU.4

Operating the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

VBO1 Voltage Booster Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Designated Use of the VOTANO 100/VBO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

License-Depending Functional Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Setup and Test Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Preparing the Test Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

VOTANO 100 User Manual

Guided Voltage Transformer Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Connection for Primary Short-Circuit Impedance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Operating and Configuring the VOTANO 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Working in the User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Displaying a Specific Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

The Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Available Options in the Settings Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Tools (Update Functions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Preparing the Test Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecting and Disconnecting the Test Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Test Sequence Overview for a Guided Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.9 VOTANO 100 Help System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

The VOTANO 100 Test Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Overview of Test Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Available Soft Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Assessment Conditions for VTs according to IEC 60044-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Comment Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

VOTANO PC Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111

Assessment Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Available Soft Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S/C Impedance Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Available Soft Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

Mains Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Accuracy Values for Inductive Voltage Transformers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

VOTANO 100 User Manual

Compact Flash Card Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Accuracy Values for Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CVT) and

Interface on VOTANO 100 & MAIN UNIT Interface on VBO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

USB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

9.9 Mechanical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

User Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Care and Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Error and Warning Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Using This Manual

Using This Manual

VOTANO 100 User Manual

Safety Symbols Used

Safety Standards and Rules

EN 50191 (VDE 0104) "Erection and Operation of Electrical Test

EN 50110-1 (VDE 0105 Part 100) "Operation of Electrical Installations"

IEEE 510 "IEEE Recommended Practices for Safety in High-Voltage and

Moreover, observe all applicable regulations for accident prevention in the

VOTANO 100 User Manual

Operating the Measurement Setup

VOTANO 100 User Manual

Designated Use of the VOTANO 100/VBO1

Inductive voltage transformers (VT)

Capacitor voltage transformers (CVT)

Coupling capacitor voltage transformers (CCVT)

For CVT/CCVT voltage transformers, please observe the restrictions in

Secondary short-circuit impedance measurement

Secondary winding resistance measurement