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1.1 Background
The term ceramics applies to a wide range of inorganic materials of varying uses.
Generally ceramics are non metallic materials which have been sintered at a high
temperature at some stage during the processing. Ceramic materials have a number of
properties which make them widely used. They have strong covalent or both covalent
and ionic bonding which gives them high strength, high melting temperatures and
thermal stability, low densities but high elastic moduli and are very hard. The low
coefficients of friction make them highly resistant to wear, corrosion, radiation and can
withstand severe conditions better than metals.
The uses of ceramics include making cements, plasters, abrasives, cutting tools, bricks,
tiles, sanitary and drainage materials, electrical insulators, kitchen and laboratory ware,
metal forming parts, paper and textiles factory parts, refractory, tubes, crucibles, and
ovens. Advanced ceramics are divided into electro ceramics used for electronic
applications and structural ceramics in which mechanical properties like strength,
toughness hardness wear resistance are of primary interest.
The main materials for ceramics are ball clay, oxides, nitrides, and carbides. The term
clay is applied to those natural earthly material deposits which posses the property of
plasticity. Clay is a secondary rock that has been formed by weathering of certain other
rocks and it is a mixture of different types of minerals.
There have been a few studies done on the physical and chemical properties of
Kauswagan clays and grog.
Ceramic water filtration involves the use of porous ceramic (fired clay) to filter microbes
or other contaminants from drinking water.