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I. INTRODUCTION
Domain
Customers
Markets
Service Providers
Operations
Bulk Generation
Distribution
Fig. 1. Original NIST Smart Grid conceptual model and adaptation to the EU
context (in blue).
A. Europe: Macro-perspective
According to the inventory of smart grid projects performed
in 2011 by the Joint Research Centre - JRC, the European
Commissions in-house Science service, the level of
investments in smart grid projects amount to around 5.5
billion. The JRCs 2012 Smart Grid database contains 281
B. Italy
In Italy, the Authority for Energy and Gas is aimed at
providing directives (based on Government lows) for
supporting the development of Smart Grids by promoting and
encouraging pilot projects in focused areas of the country.
These projects include topics such as: smart management
of the power network; and the integration of Electric Vehicles.
The first action that Italy made in this direction occurred in
2007, when ENEL SpA, the largest electric utility in Italy,
decided to install a nationwide network of all electronic
energy meters. By the end of 2009, almost 32 million smart
meters were installed nationwide replacing the existing meters
of most medium-voltage and low-voltage customers. The
primary goals of the project, known as Telegestore, allows
remote reading of residential consumer energy consumption
and the enablement real-time contract changes such as the
activation or termination of service [7].
Fig. 2. Number of smart grid projects surveyed in 2011 inventory and in the
2012 update across starting years.
C. Germany
The e-energy Program, started in 2008, and scheduled to
end in 2013, focused in the integration of intermittent
renewable energy sources, which shall account for 80% of the
Germany electricity supply by 2050. Due that, Germany
started to test six pilot projects in smart grids. The aims of
those protects are [10]:
1. Intelligent management of consumption;
2. Test a control system for balancing intermittent wind
power and integrating the electricity on the distribution grid;
3. Testing smart homing solutions;
4. Test a tool called energy butler, that helps consumers to
manage their demand and benefit from volatile energy prices;
5. Explore ways to pool renewable energy
commercialize this energy in different markets;
and
D. United Kingdom
The DEEC and Ofgem group said that: The UKs smart
grid will develop to support and accelerate a cost-effective
transition to the low-carbon economy. The smart grid will help
the UK meet its 2020 carbon targets, while providing the
foundations for a variety of power system options out to
2050.
electrical energy. This does not exist yet, but some idea of
changing equipment supported by the National Bank for
Economic and Social Development BNDES. The terms of
this discussion and its strategies are under analysis by the
secretaries of innovation and of production development,
either from the Ministry of Development.
It was necessary US$ 33 billion or more than R$ 70
billion (quotation of 2014) to promote the replacement of all
equipment needed, since switches up to the 74 million meters
of residential, commercial and industrial energy in the
country. This act involves 63 power distribution utilities.
The challenge today is to obtain clear regulatory guidelines
on the meters. It is still necessary to receive precise details
from the distributors who will be carrying out the replacement
as to what meters will be used and what components they will
have. Another concern is the certification of the meters. There
is considerable uncertainty as to how long INMETRO (the
Brazilian National Institute of Metrology) will take to certify
them [14].
A Smart Grid offers significant opportunities for utilities
and consumers to manage the energy consumption by the
usage of advanced metering infrastructure and dual-way and
real time communication. It also provides opportunities to
manage the fuel resources by potentially reducing the national
need for additional generation sources, better integrating
renewable and non-renewable generation sources into the grid
operations, reducing outages and cascading problems, and
enabling consumers to better manage their energy
consumption. A Smart Grid can be a mechanism for achieving
the worldwide goals in the areas of energy security, climate
change, grid reliability, economic growth, and national
competitiveness [2].
The studies related to smart grids is under development in
the world and, in Brazil, ANEEL verifies how this theme is
threated in different countries, to make possible understand the
reasons that those nations has introduced this technology in
their energy systems, and implement this high technology in
measurements, communication and distribution of electrical
energy, reducing losses of energy and money.
Around the world, smart grids are face as a tool for giving
solutions to problems and achieve goals related to CO2
emission reduction, but also highlight the reduction of
electrical energy consumption, reduction of operational costs,
and market opening. Brazil analyzes the internal possibilities
to adapt the system to the reality of the country.
VIII. REFERENCES
Periodicals:
[1]
X. Fang, S. Misra, G. Xue, Smart Grid - The New and Improved Power
Grid: A Survey, Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE. (2012)
Vol. 14, Issue: 4, 944-980.
Technical Reports:
[2]
[3]
[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]
Standards:
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
Information on http://smartgrid.ieee.org/resources/public-policy/italy
Information on http://www.germanenergyblog.de/?p=11635
Smart Grid na Medio, EPE, Rio de Janeiro (2010), 07/65-67.
Information on http://www.redeinteligente.com/
Relatrio de Audincia Pblica AP 43/2010 - ANEEL.
Information on http://convergenciadigital.uol.com.br/
IX. BIOGRAPHIES
Milthon S. Silva, was born in Cusco, Peru, on August
30, 1972. Electrical Engineer graduated at UNSAAC
University - Peru. MSc and PhD at the Polytechnic
School of Sao Paulo University - Brazil. Post-Doctoral
at Brandenburg Technological University - Germany.
Worked in construction and monitoring of substation
high voltage systems projects including renewable
energy integration by GyM S.A., GAGTD and
Siemens. At present he is professor at the Department
of Electrical Engineering in the Federal University of Sergipe Brazil
teaching Renewables Energies and Transmission and Distribution of
Power . He works in the Integration of Renewable Energies project to the
Brazilian government. Member of CIGRE Brazilian work Group SC13.23 and
Member of LatinAmerica IEEE.
Andr P. Nbrega, joined Brazilian Electricity
Regulatory Agency - ANEEL as an Advisor to the
board of directors in august 2006. He is a Senior
Power Market Regulation Specialist and occupied
different position at ANEEL as technical advisor in
the Superintendence of Economic Studies of the
Market (SEM), since 2002, and manager of the
authorization team to renewable energy, since 2000.
His main research interests include energy policies for
renewables, modeling paths toward sustainable energy systems, liberalization
of energy markets. Andre is a civil engineering graduate from Brasilia
University UnB and holds specialization in Theory and Operation of a
Modern National Economy from George Washington University. He also
attended the Eleventh International Training Program on Utility Regulation
and Strategy at Warrington College of Business, in University of Florida.
Bruno B. Anunciao, Electrical Engineering
student at Federal University of Sergipe - Brazil.
Exchange student at Polytechnic School of Marseille
University - France by Brafitec/CAPES program.
Researcher by PIBIC/CNPq program. Anunciao
has experience with Renewable Energies and
Automation and Control Systems of Power Electrical
Systems. He also has experience in optimization
models, using linear and nonlinear programming technics.