Pr.

Estimate the capacity of lanfill for five years from the following data
Population = 35000
MSW Generation rate = 2.5kg /person /day
Density of MSW = 850kg/m3
Avg: Depth of land fill = 19m
Solution
Quantity =p Gr (generation rate) = 35000 2.5 = 87500 kg/d
Volume = weight / Density = 87500kg/day / 350kg/m3 = 250m3 /d
Now , Surface area
Area required :

A = volume / depth = 250m3/d / 19m = 13.15m2/d

For five years capacity of L.F :V = 250m3/d 365 (5) = 456250 m3/5 years
A = 456250m3 / 19m = 24013.15789m2 / 10000
A = 2.40ha

Pr. Determine the volume and area required of a landfill site for a city of
10000 persons based on the suitable assumptions.
Assume :
Sw generation rate (R) =1825lb /persons/yr
Density of 5w (D) = 250lb /yd3
Compaction (p) = 60% (50-70% is typical range)
Solution:Volume (v) = 1.25 {R/D (1-p/100)} = 1.25 {1825/250 (1-60/100)} = 3.65yd 3/ person /yr
Volume required : = 3.65 (27ft3/yd3) (10000 persons)yd3/person/yr = 985500cft/yr
Volume (v) = Area Depth

:-(assume depth of landfill is 10ft)

Area (A) = vol / depth = 985500cft/10ft = 98550sq.ft = 98550/43560 = 2.26Acres

Pr. Workout the SVI when 100mL of sludge collected in 30 minutes, on drying
weighed 800mg.comment on the result?

Solution:P1 = volume of sludge in mL = 100

P2 = weight of suspended solids in grams = 0.80
As SVI = p1(mL) /p2(grams) = 100/0.80 = 125
As SVI is more than 100 it is indicative of bouble ahead and necessary step should be
taken to bring SVI under control.

Pr. Design a screen for an average discharge of 0.2m3/sec.

Solution:Assume the fluctuation factor as 2
The maximum discharge = 2 x 0.2 = 0.4 m 3/sec
Q=AV

V=1 m/sec
A= 0.4 m2

keeping 100% as excess opening , A= 0.4 x 2 =0.8m 2

Assume the depth of screen =800mm & Effective width = A/D = 0.8/0.8= 1m
Now adopt medium screen having size of opening =40mm
No; of opening =1/0.4= 25

&

No; of flat =24

let the thickness of flat be= 50mm

And the angle of thickness at both ends =25mm
Now calculate total width of screen =(25x0.04)+(24x0.05)+(2x0.025)= 2.25m

Pr. Design a PST to treat domestic waste water flow of town having
population 4 lac assume the following data and design criteria.
Assume:
Average rate of water supply =200Lpd
Waste generative rate =70% of water supplied
SS in WW =250 mg/L
BOD@ 20c* = 200 mg/L
SLR@ daily average flow = 40m3/m2/d
SLR@ peak flow = 100 m3/m2/d
Detention time = 2 hrs

Solution :Q average = 70% of waste water = (70/100)x200 = 140LPD

Q average = 400000x140 = 56000,000.LPD
Calculate require surface area = (Qavg/ SLR)= 56000/40= 1400m 2
Calculate the volume required = V= QxT = 56000x(2/24) = 4666.67m 3
Assume the circular shape PST
Depth= vol/ surface area
= 4666.67/ 1400= 3.5m
Dia =?
A= 3.14/4(D2) or D = 4 1400 / 3.14 = Dia = 42.5m
Compute the removal rate of BOD and TSS@ average flow
BOD removal= t/(a+bt) = 2hrs /(0.018+0.02x2) = 34.48%
TSS removal = t/(a+bt) = 2hrs /(0.0075+0.014x2)= 56.34%

Pr. Calculate the velocity of flow in sewer of dia 90cm the sewer is let
@gradient 1:400 .what will be the discharge to pas through the sewer when
running halful Assume N= 0.0012
Solution :Mannings equation for velocity
V=1/N R2/3. S1/2
R= A/P = 3.14/4 d2 / 3.14 d = d/4 = R = 90cm/4 = 0.9m/4 = 0.45
V = 1 / 0.012 (0.45)2/3 (1/400)1/2 = 2.446m/s
Q = AV =0.5 (3.14/d2) 2.446m/sec = 0.778m3/sec

Pr. A WTP process and average flow 24500m3/d with peak flow up to 40000
m3/d . Design rciteria of surface loading rate @average 40m/d FFor maximum
condition 100m/day

Determine dimension of PST (1) @ circular basibn

(2) Rectangular basin (L=30m )
assume the suitabe data whereever required.
Solution:Average flow condition :Q = A v or

A = Q/v = 24500/40 = A= 612.5m

Peak flow condition :A= 400m 2

A = Q/v = 40000/100 =

Here pst is designed on the average flow condition becasue it requires more surface
area
Circular PST :Assume no. Of pst = 2
Surface Area required for each = 612.5/2 = 306.25m 2
D = 4A/pi = 4306.25/3.14 = 19.75
Assume SWD = 4.5m
Volume of each tank = A Depth = 306.25 4.5 = 1378.125m
HRT(Hydraulic retention time) required = V/Q = 1378.125/12250m 3/d
= 0.1125days =2.7hrs

Circular PST :No. PSTs = 02

Dia of each PST = 4.5m

HRT for each past = 2.7m

SWD for each PST= 4.5m

Loading rate = 40m/d

Flow rate for each PST = 12250m3/d

Dia
=19.75m

Rectangular PST :A= L w = 3ww = or w=A/3 = 612.5/3 = 14.3m

L = 314.3 = L=43m
Assume SWD = 4m
HRT =V/Q = A Depth/Q = 306.254/12250 =0.103days = 2.5hrs

Depth =

Depth =
4m

10.5
m

Pr. Design a primary clarifier for a town having population 34000. The
formation of sewage may be assumed as 150 lit/c/d.
Solution :Daily flow of sewage = 34000 150 = 5100000Ltr = 5100m
Assume the detention period = 2hrs
Tank capacity = Qt = 5100m3/d (2hrs/24) day
Volume of tank = 425m3

&

Assume the depth = 2.5m

Area required = V/D = 425m / 2.5m = 170m2

Assume for rectangular shape = L =4w

A= 4w * w

W= A/4 or 170/4 = w =6.5m

L= 4 6.5 = L = 26m
Check the overflow rate :Q/A = 5100m3/day / (6.5 26 )m2 = 30.18m3/m2.d
The SOR should be 40 to 50 m3/m2.d
Hence Redesign assuming detention period. Now 1.25 hrs
Volume = 5100 m/d (1.25/24)d = 265.265m3
Assuming effective depth = 2.5m

so , Area = A =265.265/2.5m = 106.25m 2 so,

W = A/4 = 106.25/4 = 5.15m

L = 4 5.15 =20.6m
Check the outflow rate := Q/A = 5100m/d / 5.1520.6m = 48.07 m3/m2.d

30
m

Now SOR is between 40 to 50 m3/m2.d ,

Hence design is ok
20.6
m

5.15

PR. Determine BOD of sewage have ultimate BOD of 200g/l assume the
reaction rate and temperature is 20.
Solution :BOD4=200 MG/L

K= 0.1/d and temp=20

BOD= BOD+(1-10-kd)
BOD5= 200 (1-10-0.1x5
BOD=136.75 Ans

Pr. A sample of sewage from a town is found to have 180 mg/l= BOD estimate
the ultimate BOD of sewage when reaction rate is ( 0.1/day)=k
Solution :BOD5=180 mg/L
BOD4=??
K=0.1/day
T=200c
BOD4= BOD5/1-10-kt = 180/(1-10-0.15) = 263.24mg /L

Pr. A 6ml of waste water is dilute to 300 ml with distilled water in a standard
Bod bottle.The initial dissolve oxygen is 8.5 mg/l and do5 is 5mg/l at 200 c
calculate the BOD of wastewater and also compute the ultimate BOD, assume
the reaction rate constant 0.1/day.
Solution :v= 6ml
DOi = 8.5 mg/l
DO5= 5mg/l
BOD5= DOi DO5/V= (8.5 mg/l-5mg/l)/6mlx200
BOD5=175 mg/l
BOD4= BOD5/1-10-kt
=175/1-1O-0.15
BOD4=255.93 mg/L

Pr. Design a septic tank having following data:

No of users = 200
Rate of w/s = 150 Lpcd
Detention period = 18 hrs

Percolation capacity of filtter media = 1250 L/m3

Also find out the dia of soak well or soak pit.
Assume data required.
Solution :: No of users:
Q= 200x150 = Q = 30000 L/d
Q= volume/time = Volume = Qxt = 30000 L/d x (18/24)d = 2250 L
Assume sludge storage capacity 25 percent
VT = 22500+(0.25x28125) =33750 lit
VT = 33.75 m
Consider effective depth = 1.5 m ( excluding free board )
As= 34/1.5 = 22.67 m
L=3w
A= LxW = A = 3w x w= (A/3)
W=(22.67/3) = 2.75 m (width)
L=3x2.75= 8.25m (length)
Consider free board 0.5 m
Over qll depth = 1.5+.0.5 = 2m
SIZE OF SOAK PIT:
Volume of soak pit/well= volume/percolation capacity
= 34000/ 1250 = 27.2 m
Consider depth of soak well 3m
x-sectional area = 27.2/3=9.0 m
constant circular soak pit
A= /4 d
D= (4x3 / 3.14) = 3.5 m Ans

Pr. By using the typical data given in the following table of muncipal solid
waste.determine the average density and moisture content of mixed muncipal
solid waste corresponding to the 100 kg of waste sample.
Ans:

Components

Ash,Bricks & Dust

Glass
Metals
Cardboards
Food waste
Leather
Paper
Plastic
Rubber
Textile
wood
yard waste

Percentage % by
weight (kg)
Column-1
18.13
6.08
3.66
6.70
30.81
1.11
5.89
8.74
1.09
2.07
1.83
13.84

Density
kg/m3
Col:2
486.42
196.19
575.60
50.26
323.18
162.14
82.69
64.85
129.71
64.85
243.21
159.44

Moisture content %
Col: 3
8.0
2
8
5
76.44
10.0
6.0
2.0
2.0
10.0
20.0
51.73

Ans:
wt of component
col 4

Wt of MC
Col: 100
Col 5

Dry unit wt
Col 4 col 5
Col 6

18.13
6.08
3.66
6.70
30.81
1.11
5.89
8.74
1.09
2.08
1.82

1.4504
0.1216
0.2928
0.325
23.55
0.111
0.3534
0.1748
0.0218
0.0207
0.366

16.6769
5.9584
3.3672
6.365
7.62
0.989
5.5366
8.5652
1.0652
1.863
1.464

7.159

6.689

13.84

Volume of each
component
Col 4 / col 2
Col 7
0.0372
0.0309
0.00635
0.133
0.095
0.0068
0.021
0.1347
0.0084
0.0319
0.0075
0.086
=total volume
=0.648m

AVERAGE DENSITY=W/V = 100kg/0.648m =154 kg/m3