GROUP DISCUSSION G

GROUP DISCUSSION H
Diagram shows a transistor used as automatic switch to light
up the small bulb at day.

Diagram 7.3 shows a transistor is used to light up during the

day.

(i) Suggest a modification to light up the lamp at night.

.

On the majung paper, draw a new circuit with suitable

modification to make the circuit above becomes:
a) Automatic switch circuit to light up a small bulb at night.
b) Automatic switch circuit to light up 20 street lamps at night.
c) Automatic switch to activate the fire alarm when the
surrounding is hot.
d) Automatic switch to switch on the air-conditioner when the
surrounding is hot.

A student replaced lamp L with a lamp labeled 240 V 24 W in

Diagram 7.3.
(ii) The bulb is not light up.
Why the lamp is not light up?
.
.
(iii) An electrical component is connected to the output
transistor so that the lamp is light up. Name the electrical
component and state the functions.
.
.

GROUP DISCUSSION I
Diagram 8 shows a transistor circuit. The circuit is used
to automatically switch on the bulb at night.

(a)(i) Name component Q.

........................................................
(a)(ii) State two functions of component Q?
........................................................
(d) What is the function of resistor R?
.......................................
(c)(i) What happens to potential difference VP at night?
Explain.
........................................................
........................................................
(c)(ii) Explain why the bulb is lighted up at night?
........................................................
........................................................
(d) Bulb M is labelled 240 V, 60 W starts to light up
when Vp is 2.0V and the resistance of resistor P is 10
k. Determine the maximum resistance of resistor S.

(iv) Draw the new circuit shows the presence of electrical

component that mention in (iii)
(e) What happens to the bulb when it is connected directly to
the transistor circuit without using the relay switch? Explain
why.
.....................................................
.....................................................
[2 marks]

DISCUSSION J
Diagram 8.1 shows an automatic parking barrier for any
vehicles enter parking lots. The parking automatically rises up
when a sufficient amount of coin is slotted in a machine or an
applicable electronic card is touched to the detector.

GROUP DISCUSSION K
Diagram 6.1 shows the activity of radioactive substance X
and a radioactive substance Y being measured by a GeigerMuller tube connected to a rate meter.

(d) Give a reason why the readings of the rate meters did not
drop to zero after radioactive substance X and radioactive
substance Y were removed.
.........................................................................................
GROUP DISCUSSION L
Diagram 4.1 shows a Geiger connected to a counter rate
meter to detect radioactive rays from a radioisotope P.

Diagram 6.2 shows the decay curves obtained for radioactive

substance X and radioactive substance Y.
(a) (i) Name one radioactive ray which can be detect by a
Geiger tube?
..........................................................
(ii) Explain how the radioactive rays is detected by the tube
...........................................................
..........................................................
(b) The radioisotope P has b removed but there is still a small
reading on the counter rate meter. What causes this reading?

Diagram 8.2 shows the circuit used in the automatic parking

barrier.

Diagram 4.2 shows a graph of radioactive activity, N, for

radioisotope P against time, t.
(a) Name the electronic component X.
........................................................
(b)What is the potential different across the electronic card
detector when the potential different across resistor S is 4 V?
........................................................
(c) The electronic component Y is connected to an electric
motor to lift up the automatic barrier 240 V a.c is supplied to
the motor.
(i) Name the electronic component Y.
..................................................
(ii) Explain why the component Y is used?
..................................................

(a) What is the meaning of half life?

(b) Based on the decay curves above,

(i) State the half radioactive substance X and radioactive
substance Y.
X: .............................
Y: ..............................
(ii) For radioactive substance X and radioactive substance Y,
what percentage remains undecayed after 10 minutes?
X: .............................
Y: ..............................
(c) Based on the answers to (b)(i) and (b)(ii), compare the
decay rates of radioactive substance X and radioactive
substance Y. Hence state the relationship between decay rate
and half life.
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
(c) Determine the half life of radioisotope P.

(d) State one application of the radioisotope

.............................................................

GROUP DISCUSSION M

Radioisotope uranium-238 decays to become thorium224 as shown in the equation below.

(a)(i) What is meant by radioisotope?

..........................................................
(ii) What is radiation P?
..........................................................
(b) If the mass defect in the above radioactive decay is
3.35 x 10-27 kg, calculate the energy released in joule.
(Speed of light, c = 3.0 x 10 m/s)

GROUP DISCUSSION N
GROUP DISCUSSION O

A Polonium nucleus emits alpha particle and gamma ray

to become a Plumbum nucleus.
(a) Complete the decay equation for Polonium nucleus
by writing the appropriate number in the boxes
provided.

Diagram 8 shows an underground water pipe that is leaking.

The radioactive salt contains radioisotope is used to detect
the leakage

(b) The Polonium nucleus is placed in front of electric

field as shown in Diagram 4.1.
Table 8 shows four radioisotopes with their respective
properties.

(c) A radioactive source which emits radiation P is

placed near an electric field as shown in Diagram 3.
(i) Draw path of ray for a particle and gamma ray in
Diagram 4.1.

(i)

On Diagram 3, draw the path of radiation

P in the electric field.

(ii)

Explain your answer in (c)(i).

..........................................................

(ii) Explain why the rays follow the path as you drawn in
Diagram 4.1
Alpha: .....................................................
Gamma: .............................................
(c) A sample of polonium of mass
120 g has a half-life of 45 s.
Determine the mass of polonium that has decayed after
180 second.

(a) What is meant by half-life?

[1 mark]

(b) Based on the Table 8, state the suitable properties of the

radioisotope to detect the leakage. Give reason for the
suitability of the properties.
(i) Type of radiation
....................................................
Reason
....................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Half-life
....................................................
Reason
....................................................
[2 marks]
(iii) Physical state
....................................................
Reason

...................................................

[2 mark]

(c) Determine the most suitable radioisotope that can be used

to detect the leakage.

[1 mark]

On day, the reading of the radioactive detector higher than

usual. What should be done to the paper roller to ensure the
thickness of the paper same as usual before?

- Half-life
- The ionizing power
- The radioactive radiation
- The states of matter

..
.

Explain the suitability of the aspects. Justify your choice.

[10 marks]

GROUP DISCUSSION P
As a researcher, you are assigned to investigate the
characteristics of a certain radioactive isotope that could be
used to detect the thickness of paper in paper factory

GROUP DISCUSSION Q
Diagram 11 shows how a doctor used radioisotope to detect
the blood flow in patients leg. The radioisotope is taken into
the patients body before undergo the treatment.

(a) The patient in Diagram 11 is being diagnosis with a

present of radioactive in his blood stream. Describe how the
radioisotope get into his body and how the doctor diagnosis
his disease by using this method.
[4 marks]

GROUP DISCUSSION R
Diagram 12.1 shows a system used in a factory to ensure the
volume of guava juice in a bottle is uniform.

The radioactive source, radiation detector and counter are

used to detect the volume of guava juice. The radioactive
source contains a radioisotope.
(a) What is meant by a radioisotope?

(b) Table 11.1 shows the characteristics of five radioisotopes,

P, Q, R, S and T.

(b) Table 12.2 shows the characteristics of five radioisotopes

P, Q, R, S and T.

Based on the table above;

(i) Explain the suitable characteristics of the radioisotopes so
that it can be used to detect the thickness of paper in a paper
factory.
(ii) Determine the most suitable radioisotope to be used and
give your reason for your choice.
[10 marks]

As a medical officer, you are required to choose the most

suitable radioisotope as a radiotherapy treatment for a brain
tumor. Study the characteristics of the five radioisotopes
based on the following aspects:

As a factory engineer, you are required to determine the most

suitable radioisotope that can be used by the system to
ensure the volume of guava juice is uniform.
Study the characteristics of all 5 radioisotopes and explain the
suitability of the aspects. Determine the most suitable
radioisotope and give the reason for your choice.