WASTEWATER ENGINEERING

BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
G. N. MAHESHIKA

09TH JUNE, 2O15

OBJECTIVES

Coagulation and removal of organic and inorganic

non-settleable colloidal particles
Stabilization of dissolved organic matter

CLASSIFICATIONS

1. Processes according to operational conditions

Aerobic process
Anaerobic process
Facultative process
Anoxic process

2. Processes according to microbial maintenance in

the system
Suspended growth process
Attached growth process

Biological Wastewater Treatment

Suspended Growth
Aerobic
Activated
sludge process
Extended
aeration system
Aerated
lagoons
Waste
stabilization
ponds

Anaerobic
Complete mix
anaerobic
reactor
Contact
anaerobic
reactor

Attached Growth
Aerobic
Trickling
filters
Bio-towers
Rotating
biological
contactors
Submerged
filters

Anaerobic
Packed bed upflow and downflow reactors
Extended reactor
Fluidized bed
reactor
Up-flow
anaerobic sludge
blanket reactor

ASSIGNMENT

PRINCIPLE OF AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT

PRINCIPLE OF ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT

AEROBIC VS. ANAEROBIC PROCESSES

Molecular O2 as TEA
Wide spectrum of OM
can be oxidized

SO42-, CO2, organic

compounds as TEA

End products are odorous

More stable end products Slow process

High growth rates of

microorganisms
More biological sludge
For large quantities of
diluted wastewater

Low sludge production

For concentrated wastes

20

60
100

30
10

Efficiency:

90%

100

60
20

80%

FACTORS FOR IMPROVED EFFICIENCY

Availability of many MO

Better contact between MO and organic matter

Favorable environmental conditions

(Temperature, pH, nutrient requirement, retention

time)
Availability of oxygen for aerobic treatment process

BIO-KINETIC COEFFICIENTS/ GROWTH CONSTANTS

Understanding the kinetics of,
Microbial growth rate
Substrate utilization rate
Limiting substrate or nutrients
Endogenous decay or death rate of MO

The growth curve of MO

Ex:

Specific growth rate,

Yield coefficient, Y
Maximum substrate utilization rate, K

Net specific growth rate, rg

Hydraulic retention time (HRT),

Cell retention time (SRT), c

 Biomass concentration in the reactor, X

Substrate concentration, S

Rate of growth, rg
Maximum specific growth rate of biomass, max
Half velocity constant, Ks
Substrate utilization rate, rsu
Endogenous decay coefficient, Kd

Rate of endogenous decay of biomass, rd

Observed yield coefficient, Yobs

KINETICS TO BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT

Prediction of effluent biomass and substrate
concentrations
Prediction of bio-kinetic coefficients

Kinetics to activated sludge biological treatment

process

Cont.

Biological nitrification

Biological denitrification
Biological mechanism of phosphorous removal