Lectures of substance the hydrologic deported geometrization - aalraabe'taae'daa

d m.m. Fadil is slave grim HsnaalmSaadr main :

1. Engineering Hydrology by Subramanya2. Advanced Hydrology by V.T.
Chow3. Engineering Hydrology by LinsleyIndividuals of the method :
The chapter first:
The chapter first : The introduction ( Introduction)the chapter second: aalsqy
T ( Precipitation)the chapter third: The withdrawals from aalsqyT ( Abstractio
n from Precipitation)the chapter fourth: aalsyH ( Run-Off)the chapter second:
The chapter fifth: aalhydrwGraaf (Hydrograph)the chapter sixth: The flood (Flood
s)the chapter seventh: aasttbaae' the flood (Flood Routing)the chapter eighth:
The interior (Ground Water)waters the chapter aalaawlaalmqdmt ( Introduction
)1 .1. Hydrologic Hydrology : He knew the water who her the waters deal wit
h from where forming and rotary her rotary her and her distribution her adequate
distribution above surface of the earth the cover air and for his universe shar
p branches flag of the land so he takes in essential image surrounding waters an
d the sailor the sailor and the rivers the rivers and aalsqyT in all his ( kinds
the rain and the snow the snow and aalHaalwb) in in addition to the waters inte
rior.
To formed to formed the flag raved wide and branched branched so indeed him last
flags deal with direct relationship have fun hereby the flag from her the air r
ains knew and the geological geologists and the count the count and the chemistr
y the chemistry and the physics the physics and mykaanyk aalmwaay'e', and swears
the flag to sections raved:
1. Hydrologic scientific : The study which main dealings with the theoretical s
ubjects deal.
2. The hydrologic applied geometrization ( ) : The study which the geometric su
bjects deal with identicals :
Estimate of the resources aquatic.
Study of the operations is identicals aalsqyT and aalsyH and the complete evapor
ation the evaporation and her overlaps her overlaps.
Study formative identicals of the flood and the dryness the dryness and her stra
tegy of warding off.
1. 2. The hydrologic cycle Hydrological Cycle :
Movement of the water in all his ( forms rains and snows and Haalwb) between
surface of the earth to the atmosphere and on the contrary on the contrary clim
atic result for impacts or to the daily atmosphere prevented or regular, since t
he water evaporates because of heat of the sun then the atmosphere moves to and
ytkaathf to descends once again to the surroundings and the seas the sailor on f
orm rains or already the winds carry the clouds to hard to surface of the earth
falls on the formative passages aquatic as the rivers and the schedules the sche
dules or form of snows falls on or cold (Haalwb) and leads big section leaks fro
m him to centrosphere formative what the interior waters rise in.
1 .3 . Courses rotary hydrologic Hydrological cycle Paths:
In general picture and simple simple so indeed courses rotary hydrologic she :
1. aalsqyT
2. The evaporation
3. The interior waters
4. aalsyH the
surfaces
5. The exudiation and indeed all course from this courses inclu
des one or more than the next appearances:
'a. The water moved
In. Storing of temporal for the water1. 4. Equality e
quivalent hydrologic Hydrological Budget Equation :
Indeed waters of the collector for known area during period from the time (t) was
formed :

The difference in aalxzyn = lump aalxzyn aaldaaxl lump aalxzyn outside

S = Vi - Vo Example /
collector her of area 15
km2 , calculates :
1.aaltGyr in size aalxzyn ( for a period year) above the land and was easy her u
nder her for this collector if size of the water for the runnings was aaldaaxl 8
*104 m3 and for the outside 6.5*104 runnings for the runnings m3?
2. If the aquatic average annual for runnings of the passage was he 107 m3, the
depth calculates aalmkaafy'?
The solution:
1.
S = Vi - Vo
m3
*

104 =
15*106 =

S
0.667

m. =

104

6.5 * 104 = 1.5

Average Depth = 107 /

2.
66.7

cm.

1. 5. The geometric applications for hydrologic Engineering

Hydrology:

Aplications

1.

4.

of
:

2.

3.

5.
:

(
(
1. 6 .

:
:

1.
2.
3.

.
(

1. 7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Sources of Data :
:

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

( Precipitation)
.1.2
1.
2.
3.

:
.
.
.

4.

. 2.2

Forms of Precipitation

:
(

2.5
2.5 7.5
7.5

/
/
/

.3.2

: N
m (%) : Cv
ith : Pi
: m
___________________________________________________________________________
(1) /
(6)
A

B
(cm)

C
82.6

D
102.9

E
180.3

F
110.3

98.8

136.7

10%
/
;

m = 6

m-1 = 35.04

= 10%

Cv = 100 * 35.04 / 118.6 = 29.54

N = 8.7 = 9 tation
3
4.2 .

Preparation of Data :

.5.2

E timating of Mi ing Data :

:

1 .
Px = 1/m [P1+P2++Pm]

m :
Px :
10%
_____________________________________________________________
2 .

Px=Nx/m[P1/N1+P2/N2++Pm/Nm]

( Nm / Nx > 1.1)
(

30

10 %

)
(

N1 , N2 , , Nm
30
)

(2) /
/

Nx

80.97 ,

10 % ,
PD = 92.01/3 (91.11/80.97 + 72.23/67.59 + 79.89/76.28) = 99.41 cm.
.6.2

Te t for Con i tency of Record :

,

1
2
3
4

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
Double Ma

1.
2.

X
(Px)

Curve Technique

(Px)

(Pav)
X

Pcx = Px * Mc / Ma
Pcx

t1

Px :

(3) /

1996
1996
1996
1996 71.7
1996
1996
1996
1996
1997
1997
1997
1997

A
79.7
69.4
65.3
68.1
83
82.7
89.4
91.5
92.4
90.1
82.3
80.7

77.2
66.5
61.3
62.3
80.1
85.6
90.1
93.7
91.5
90.3
83.6
83.4

B
78.4
67.9
60
116.9
81.8
87.3
89.9
94.7
92.8
89.9
84.9
87.1

C
140.15
125.2
123
155.1
168.1
88.6
93.7
93.5
90.2
83.5
82.4

/
Pav
1997
1997
1997

t1

Pav
83.73
83.6
90.1
1997 92.23

Px
83.73
167.33
257.43
349.66

Pcx
82.4
165.9
256.1
349.6

82.4
83.5
90.2
93.5

1996 93.3
442.96
1996 89.8
532.76
1996 85.2
617.96
1996
81.63 699.59
1996 67.37 766.96 972
1996
62.2
829.16
1996
67.93 897.09
1996
78.43 975.52

443.3
531.9
700
855.1
65.46
1095
1220.2
1360.35

93.7
88.6
94.14
86.86
68.88
70.11
78.48

1996

2 . 7 .
1.

Rainfall Data- how Method

Accumulated Rainfall Curve:

:
:

: 1 .
(cm) 2
3 .
__________________________________________________________________________
2.
(
) Hyetograph:
:
(
8
10
/
2. 8 .

Average Precipitation over Area :

:

1.

Arithmatic Mean Method:

P1

P2

....

Pi .... PN

N :
.

2 .

Thie en Average Method:

___________________________________________________________________________
3 .
I ohyetal LineMethod:
.
a1

a2
(4) /

a3 .....an

.
100

.
(cm/hr.)

1
2
(100,100)
85

3
4
5
(30,80) (70,100)
135.2 95.3
146.4

(100,140)
102.2

(130,100)

(100,

/
WeightedRainfall
(cm)
P

tation
85
36.86 135.2 0.2726
19.53 95.3
0.2049
39.91 146.4 0.2726
25.54 102.2 0.2499
Total
1.0000

Fraction of Total Area Area (Km2)

2141
1609
2141
1963

Abcd
Dce
Ecbf
fba

Boundary of Area

1
2
3
4
5
7854
121.84

Mean Precipitation = 121.84 cm

(5) /

/
1
12
10 -12
8 10
6 8
4 - 6

2
12
11
9
7
5

Area (Km2) (3)

30
0.0667
140
0.3111
80
0.1778
180
0.4000
20
0.0444
8.84 cm

(4Fraction of Area %(
0.8
3.422
1.6
2.8
0.222

5 =

2 *

450

2. 9 .

:
(24)

T = 1/P

..(1)

P = 1/T

(2)
P
:
(3)
r

(20)
q = 1-P
-

(24)

(10)

. (4)
:
1.

.(4-a)
2.
P0,n = qn = (1-P)n
.
P1 = 1-qn = 1- (1-P)n

(4-b)
n

..(4-c)

(6)/
1.
2.

280
20
15

.
/

20
.
n = 20 ,

r = 1

, T = 50

P = 1/50 = 0.02

P1,20 = (20 !)/(19! * 1!) * 0.02 * (0.98)19 = 0.272

.
n = 15 , r = 2
P2,15 = (15!)/(13!*2!)*(0,02)2 * (0.98)13 = 0.0323
.
P1 = 1- (0.98)20 = 0.332
2. 10.

Plotting Po ition Criterea :

P
(Weibull Formula)
P = m / (N+1)
and
T = 1 / P
___________________________________________________________________________
(6) /
A
- 24
1.
- 24
13 50
2.
10
24
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
Year
8.9
8.9
11.2
12.5
8
9.6
16
14.3
7.6
12
13
Rainfall (cm)
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
Year
9.5
8.3
10.6
10.8
8.4
6
7.5
8.5
10.2
9
7.8
Rainfall (cm)
/
m
1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Rainfall (cm)
T=1/P
16
0.043
14.3
0.087
13
0.13
12.5
0.174
12
0.217
11.2
0.261
10.8
0.304
10.6
0.348
10.2
0.391
9.6
0.435
9.5
0.478

P= m/(N+1)

T=1/P

Rainfall (cm)

23.26
11.5
7.67
5.75
4.6
3.83
3.29
2.88
2.56
2.3
2.09

9
8.9
8.9
8.5
8.4
8.3
8
7.8
7.6
7.5
6

0.522
0.609
0.652
0.696
0.739
0.783
0.826
0.87
0.913
0.957

1.92
1.64
1.53
1.44
1.35
1.28
1.21
1.15
1.1
1.05

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

P= m/(N+

:
A

(Rainfall)

X (Return Period (T) )

.
(
14.55
18
.

13
50
= 10

T = 2.4
P = 0.417

(Ab traction from Precipitation)

3. 1.
Evaporation :
(

585

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.

.
.
.
.
.

.
Vapor Pre ure :
EL = C( ew ea )
(
EL :
(
/
)
,
ea = ew
2 .
Temperature:
3 .
Wind :
4 .
Atmo pheric Pre ure :
5 .
:
oluble
alt
3. 2.
Evaporimeter :

)
C :

ew , ea
ea > ew

:
1.
2.
3.
____________________________________________________________________
3. 3.
WMO

Evaporation Mea urement
tation :

1.
:
30000 2.
2.

:
50000
2.
3.
:
100000
2.
___________________________________________________________________
3. 4.

Empirical Evaporation Eq . :

EL = k f(u) (ew ea)

k :
3 4.1. .

f(u) :

: Meyer Eq.

EL = km (ew ea) (1+ U9/16)

U9 :
Km :
3 4. 2 .

( /
(0.36
: Rohwer Eq.

9
0.5

EL = 0.771 (1.465 0.000732 Pa) (0.44 + 0.0733 Vo) (ew ea)

Pa :
Vo :

(
(

ew

)
(3 3 )
(Uh)

103

.
(U)

Uh = U ( h )1/7

(1) /
/

250

( 3-3) : ew = 17.54
ea = 0.4 * 17.54 = 7.02 mmHg
U9 = U1 * (9)1/7 = 16 * (9)1/7 = 21.9 km/hr.
:
EL = 0.36 (17.54 7.02) (1 + 21.9/16) = 8.97 mm/day
7
( 3 )
:
7 * (8.97/1000) *250*10-4 = 157000 m3

3. 5.

Analytical method

for e timating Evaporation :

:

1.
2.
3.
______________________________________________________________________
1 .

Water Budget Method :

P + Vig + Vi = Vog + Vo
Or :

EL = P + (Vis Vso) + (Vig vog) TL S

P :
Vis :
Vos :
S :

Vig :
(

(m3)

3. 6.
3 .6 .1.
PET :
A :
Y :
Hn :
Ea :

+ EL + S + TL

Vog :
EL :

)
TL :
(

(Se

Evapotranspiration Eqs.:
Penman Equation :
(mm/day)
(mmHg/Co)
= 0.49
(

(mmHg/Co)

(3-3)

103

Hn = Ha(1- r) (a+b(n/N)) - Ta4 (0.56 - 0.092) (0.1 + 0.9 (n/N))

a = 0.29 co
Ha :
(mm/day) (
(3-4) 104 )
r :
= 0.25
= b 0.52
n =
(
)
N =
(3-5) 104
=
= 2* 10 -9
/
Ta = 273 + Co
Ea = 0.35 (1 + (U2 /160)) (ew ea)
U2 :
2
( /
)
______________________________________________________________________
(2) /
(
28o 4
19
(n) = 9
2
= 85
/
(3-3)
A = 1
/ Co
ew = 16.5
(3-4)
Ha = 9.5
/
(3-5)
N = 10.716
n / N = 9 / 10.716 = 0.84
ea = 0.75 * 16.5 = 12.38 mmHg
a = 0.29 co 28o 4
= 0.2559
, b = 0.52 , = 2*10-9
Ta = 273 + 19 = 292 k
, Ta4 = 14.613
, r = 0.25

75%
/

Hn = 9.506(1 - 0.25) (0.2559 + 0.52*0.84) 14.613(0.56 0.092)(0.1 + 0.9 (0.84))

Hn = 1.99
Ea = 0.35 (1 + (85/100)) ( 16.5 12.38) = 2.208
,
Y = 0.49
mm / day
3 .6 .2.
PET = 2.54 K F

Blaney Criddle formula :

F = Ph Tf / 100
K :
F :
Ph :
Tf :

3-7

109 )
(

(
(3) /

2
( 0)

PET

2
16.5

13

11

/
(3-7)
Ph Tf / 100
4.44
7.19
3.96
7.15
3.78
7.3
4.08
7.03

109
Ph
61.7
55.4
51.8
58.1

= 0.65

Tf (Fo) Month
2
1
2
Total = 16.26

PET = 2.54 * 0.65 * 16.26 = 26.85 cm.

14.5

3-6

109 )

3. 8.

Infiltration :

1.
2.
3.

oil Propertie :

urface of Entry :
Fluid Characteri tic :

3. 9.

Infiltration Capacity :
(

= f c

if

i > f c

= i

if

i < f c

i :
3. 10.

Infiltration Capacity Value :

:

fct = fcf + (fco fcf) e k h t

fct :
fco :
fcf :
td :
kh :

3. 11.
1.
2.
1 .

0 t t d

t = 0

Infiltration Indice :

W
:
(i)

(4) /

10
(hr)

5.8
2

3
(cm) 0.4

4
0.9

5
1.5

6
2.3

7
1.8

8
1.6

/
= 10 5.8 = 4.2
tc =
= 8
= 4.2 / 8 = 0.525
/
(
= 10-5.8 0.4 0.5 = 3.3
= 3.3 / 6 = 0.55
/
(O.K)
(hr)

1
(cm)

2 .

W :

2
0

)
(0.4)

3
0.35

4
0.95

5
1.75

6
1.25

7
1.05

8
0.45

( cm / hr )
P :
R :
Ia :
tc :

(
(

)
)
(

i > w

( Run Off )
1.4.

1.
2.

Direct Runoff :
Ba e Flow :
Rv = V + Vd - Vr
Rv
V
Vd
Vr

:
:
:
:

( 3)
( 3)
( 3)

(1) /
11

1
12

.
2

10

Mm3
7

1.5

0.8

0.6

2.1

18

22

10

14

/
Vr = 0.8 + 0.3 = 1.1 Mm3
Vd = 3 + 0.5 = 3.5 Mm3
Rv

11
V
9
Vd
3.5
Vr
1.1
Rv
11.4

1
12
2
7
3.5
3.5
1.1
1.1
4.4
9.4

1.5
3
3.5
3.5
1.1
1.1
3.9
5.4

0.8

0.6

2.1

18

22

14

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

3.2

4.5

10.4

20.4

24.4

16.4

Rv = 116.8 Mm3
Annual Runoff = 116.8 * 106 / 120 *106 = 0.973 m. = 97.3 cm.
Runoff Coefficient = Runoff / Rainfall = 97.3 / 185 = 0.526

: Runoff Characteri tic of
tream

2.4.
1.

2 .

3.

:
:

1.
2.
3.

:
:

.
:

3.4.

(
=

.
) :

:
1.
2.
3.

.
.
.

1.

R = a P + b

. (1)

. (2)
(3)
N :

R , P
.. (4)

r 1 0
r < 1 0.6 <

R
R

R = Pm

P
P

R
P

.. (5)

ln R = m ln P + ln (6)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
N

(2) /
P(cm)
5
35
40
30
15
10
5
31
36
/
= 18 , P

(P)2 = 121104
a = 0.38

P
R(cm)
0.5
10
13.8
8.2
3.1
3.2
0.1
12
16

P(cm)
30
10
8
2
22
30
25
8
6

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

= 348 , R = 104.3 , P2 = 9534

,

, R2 = 1040.51

, PR = 3083.3

(R)2 = 10878.49

 = - 1.55

R = 0.38 P 1.55

r = 0.964
3.4.

R(cm)
8
2.3
1.6
0
6.5
9.4
7.6
1.5
0.5

P
Empirical Equation

:
(

Rm = Pm Lm

1960)

Lm = 0.48 Tm
Rm
Pm
Lm
Tm

Tm > 4.5o C

:
:
:
:

(
(
(

Tm

) ( Rm 0 )

)
)
(
(Lm)

4.5

)
:

- 6.5 -1
4.5
T(oC)
1.52
1.78
2.77
Lm (cm)
______________________________________________________________________
(3) /
2
T(oC) 12
16
21
27
31
34
31
29
28
29
19
14
(cm)
4
4
2
0
2
12
32
29
2
1
2
/
Tm
4.5
Lm = 0.48 Tm

1
16

2
Lm
13.92
Rm
0

5.76
9.12
0
0

1
7.68
10.08 12.96 14.88 16.32
6.72
0
0
0
0
0
0
= 17.12 + 15.08 + 2.56 = 34.76
= 34.8 / 106 = 0.328

4.4.

14.88

13.92

13.44

17.12

15.08

2.56

:Flow Duration Curve

m :
Pp :
______________________________________________________________________
5.4.
1.
2.
3.
4.

:Flow Duration Curve Characteristics

(

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

.
(HydroPower ) .
.
.
.
(4) /

(m3/s)
1961 - 1962
140 - 120.1
0
120 - 100.1
2

1962 - 1963
1
5
7
10

1963 - 1964

100 - 80.1
80 - 60.1
60 - 50.1
50 - 40.1
40 - 30.1
30 - 25.1
25 - 20.1
20 - 15.1
15 - 10.1
10 - 5.1
50%
/

12
15
30
70
84
61
43
28
15
5

18
32
29
60
75
50
45
30
18
0

15
15
45
64
76
61
38
25
12
0

75%

.
Pp (

X)

:
(

1961-1964
(m3/s)
1961 - 1962
140-120.1
0
120-100.1
2
100-80.1
12
80-60.1 15
32
60-50.1 30
29
50-40.1 70
60
40-30.1 84
75
30-25.1 61
50
25-20.1 43
45
20-15.1 28
30
15-10.1 15
18
10-5.1 5
0

1962 - 1963
1
5
7
10
18
15
15
62
45
104
64
194
76
235
61
172
38
126
25
83
12
45
0
5

Y ).

(m)
1963 6
19
45
132
236
430
665
837
963
1046
1091
1096

1964
6
25
70
12.03
21.51
39.19
60.62
76.3
87.78
95.35
99.45
99.91

0.55
2.28
6.38

1096
:N = 1096
Q50 = 35 3 /
Q75 = 26 3 /
_________________________________________________________________
6.4.
(
):Flow Mass Curve
(V)
(
)
to :
Q :

/
1.
2.

(Q = dv / dt )

7.4.

= Vs - VD

:

AB

:
torage Volume Evaluation

 Vs :
VD :

11

(5) /
1
12

80

70

2
m3/s

(Accumulated Vo
3

10

60

45

35

25

15

22

50

80

105

/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

60
45
35
25
15
22
50
80
105
90
80
70

1860
1260
1085
750
465
660
1550
2480
3150
2790
2400
2170

m3/s
1860
3120
4205
4955
5420
6080
7630
10110
13260
16050
18450
20620

m3/s. day

:
For Qd = 40 m3/s.

m3/s. day

1 = 2100 m3/s. day

(6) /
/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

60
45
35
25
15
22
50
80

1860
1260
1085
750
465
660
1550
2480

m3/s
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40

1240
1120
1240
1200
1240
1200
1240
1240

620
140
-155
-450
-755
-540
310
1240

9
10
11
12

105
90
80
70

3150
2790
2400
2170

40
40
40
40

1200
1240
1200
1240

1950
1550
1200
930

(
/

m3/s. day
620
760
-155
-605
-1380
-1920
310

7) = 1920 m3/s. day

3500
6050
7250
8180

m3/s

(cum

8
__________________________________________________________________________
8.4.
:Calculation of Maintainale Demand

:
1.
2.
________________________________________________________________________
(7) /
/ 1.
2.
3.

CYD

3600 3 /
(Y)

(C)
(50 m3/s. )

V1

.
(D)
.

:Variale Demand

9.4.

/
A
B .
_________________________________________________________________________
(8) /
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

25
20
15
10
4
9
100
108
80
40
30
30

25
26
27
29
29
29
19
19
19
19
21
25

m3/s
12
13
17
18
20
16
12
12
12
12
11
7

Mm3

20

cm))

= E/100
X 20 X 106 =
0.2 E
= P/100 (1-0.5) X 20 X 106 = 0.1 P

2
2 67
48.8
40.2
25.9
10.7
23.3
267.8
289.3

3
25
26
27
29
29
29
19
19

Mm3
Mm3
4
2.4
2.6
3.4
3.6
4
3.2
2.4
2.4

5
-0.2
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-1.3
-2.4
-1.9

Mm3
6
27.2
28.4
30.3
32.5
32.9
30.9
19
19.5

7
39.8
20.4
9.9
-6.6
-22.2
-7.6
248.8
269.8

Mm3
Mm3
(3+4+5) Mm3
Mm3
8
9
39.8
60.2
70.1
-6.6
-28.8 -36.4 248.8
518.6

2
(cm)

2
2
1
1
1
13
24
19
19
1
6
2

U2

Mm3

207.4
1 107.1
2 77.8
1 80.4

19
19
21
25

2.4
2.4
2.2
3.4

-1.9
-0.1
-0.6
-0.2

19.5
21.3
22.6
28.2

187.9
85.8
55.2
52.2

706.5
792.3
847.5
899.7

= 36.4

( Hydrograph)
1.5.
1.
2.
3.

:
AB (Rising Lim) :
BC (Crest
egment) :
P(Peak) :

C .

)CD (Recession Lim):

(
)
tp (Peak Time) :
A
P .
tB (Base Time)
:

urface Runoff 2.
Inter Flow
3.

4.

5.
6.
1.

______________________________________________________________________
2.5.
:
:
:
:
1.
1.
:
2.
:

.
.

:
:
.

.
2.
1.

:
:

2.
.
3.

1.
2.
3.
3.5.
(

1940(

Qt = Qo Krt

Recession Curve Eq. :

:

(1)

Qt : t
Qo :
Kr :

( Kr < 1)
:

Qt = Qo e at

....... (2)

a = - ln Kr
Kr = krs . kri . kr

Base Flow

krs =
kr =

= 0.05 0.2

kri =

0.99 =
________

_________________________________________________________
(1) /
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5

(day)
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7

90
66
34
20
13
9
6.7
5

(m3/s)

(day)

(m3/s)

3.8
3
2.6
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.5

/
(1) :
Qt / Qo = Krt

log Kr =

log (

:
Qo = 6.6 m3/s.
log Kr =

t = 2 days

Kr

log (4 / 6.6)

Qo = 26 m3/s.
log Krs =

t = 2 days

log (2.25 / 26)

Base Flow
eparation :

N = 0.83 A0.2
A :

(
A

2)

= 0.78

Qt = 2.25 m3/s.
Krs = 0.29

Kr = 0.29 * 0.78 * 1 = 0.226

4.5.

Qt = 4 m3/s.

Qt / Qo)

5.5.

Effective Rain :

(DRH

ERH)

________________________________________________________________________________

_______
(2) /

3.8
(hr) -6

60

66

4.5

(m3/
4.5

2.8

4
0

12

18

24

30

36

13

26

21

16

12

/
index = 0.135
cm /hr
Rainfall ind
ex = 5.52 cm.
N = 0.83 (27) 0.2 = 1.6 day = 38 hr.
(t = 0)
(DRH)
(N = 38)
DRH
(2)]

(t = 0)
(t = 48)
Time of N = 48 16 = 32 hr.
DRH
t = 0
t = 48
5 3/

= 6*60*60[0.5*8+0.5(8+21)+0.5(21+16)+0.5(16+11)+0.5(11+7)+0.5(7+4)+0.5(4+2)+0.5
1.4904*106 m3

Depth of Runoff = Runoff vol./ Area = 1.4904*106 / 27*106 = 5.52 cm. (

Total Rainfall = 2.8 + 3.8 = 6.6 cm.

Time of Duration = 8 hr.
index = (6.6 5.52) / 8 = 0.135 cm/hr.
6.5.

Unit Hydrograph :
(1)

1.
2.
3.

/
.
DRH

UH

DRH
= UH
* ER
_________________________________________________________________________
7.5.
Unit Hydrograph A umption :
1.
.
2 .
___________________________________________________________________________
(3) /
6
(hr.)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
24
36
42
48
54
60
66
UH (m3/ )
0
25
50
85
125
160
185
60
36
25
16
8
0
/
36
60
210

(hr.)
0
42
48
UH (m3/ )
36
25
DRH (m3/ )
126
87.5
(4) /

3
54
0
16
0
56

6
60
25
8
87.5
28

9
66
50
0
175
0
6

30
160

110

12

15

18

24

30

85

125

160

185

160

110

297.5

437.5

560

647.5

560

385

/
(
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
(21)
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
(66)
69
75

)
0
25
50
85
125
160
185
(172.5)
160
110
60
36
25
16
8
(2.7)
0
0

0
75
150
255
375
480
555
(517.5)
480
330
180
108
75
48
24
(8.1)
0
0

UH (m3/ )
0
0
0
75
0
150
50
305
100
475
170
650
250
805
(320) (837.5)
370
850
320
550
220
400
120
228
72
147
50
98
32
56
(16)
(24.1)
(10.6) (10.6)
0
0

DRH 3 cm (m3/ )

(5) /
/

6
:
6
(

1
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
(21)
24
(27)
30
36
42
48

DRH 2 cm (

) 3.5
6
( )

612
2
0
25
50
85
125
160
185
(172.5)
160
(135)
110
60
36
25

7.5
( )
2

UH
2 *4
3
4
0
0
50
0
100
0
170
150
250
300
320
510
370
750
(345) (960)
320
1110
(270) (1035)
220
960
120
660
72
360
50
216

6
5.5
1.5
6

1.5
4

2 *DRH
2 (3+4+5)
5
6
0
0
0
50
0
100
0
320
0
550
100
930
200
1320
(340) (1645)
500
1930
(640) (1945)
740
1920
640
1420
440
872
240
506

1.5

2 *6
7
15
15
15
15
17
17
17
(17)
19
(19)
19
21
21
23

(6+7)
8
15
65
115
335
567
947
1337
(1662)
1949
(1964)
1939
1441
893
529

54
60
66
69
72
75
78
81
84

16
8
(2.7)
0
0
0
0

32
16
(5.4)
0
0
0
0

150
96
(48)
16
0
0
0

8.5.

144
100
(64)
32
(10.8)
0
0

326
212
(117)
48
(11)
0
0

23
25
(25)
27
27
27
27

349
237
(142)
75
38
27
27

Unit Hydrograph Derivation :

DRH

1.
2.
.
3.
______________________________________________________________________
(6) /
(hr)
-6
0
6
12
18
(m3/ ) 10
10
30
87.5
115.5 102.5 85
71
47.5
(hr)
54
60
66
72
78
(m3/ ) 39
31.5
26
21.5
17.5
15
12.5
12
/

A =
DRH
t = 0
B =
DRH
Pi =
t = 24
N = 0.83 * (423)0.2 = 2.78
(2.75

1
60
6
12
18
24
30
36
42

3 4
2
10
10
30
87.5
111.5
102.5
85
71
59

3
10
10
10
10.5
10.5
10.5
11
11
11

4
0
0
20
77
101
92
74
60
48

(hr)
5
0
0
6.7
25.7
33.7
30.7
24.7
20
16

t = 90
N = 90 24 = 66
)

.
1 4
24
59

30

84
12

90

= 2.75

(m3/ )

48
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
96
102

47.5
39
31.5
26
21.5
17.5
15
12.5
12
12

11.5
11.5
11.5
12
12
12
12.5
12.5
12
12

36
27.5
20
14
9.5
5.5
2.5
0
0
0

12
9.2
6.6
4.6
3.2
1.8
0.8
0
0
0

m3/ 587
= (587*6*3600) / (423*106) = 3
______________________________________________________________
(7) /
3
/
= 5.9 3*0.3 =5
DRH = 270 20 = 250 3/
UH 3
= 250 / 5 = 50 3 /
__________________________________________________________________________
9.5.
Unit Hydrograph for Different Duration :
nD
1.
2.

uper Po ition Method :

1.

______________________________________________________________
(8) /
(
1
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52

)
2
0
20
80
130
150
130
90
52
27
15
5
0
-

A
3
0
20
80
130
150
130
90
52
27
15
5
0
-

B
4
0
20
80
130
150
130
90
52
27
15
5
0

4
5
0
20
100
230
360
410
370
272
169
94
47
20
5
0

2+3+4

6
0
6.7
33.3
76.7
120
136.7
123.3
90.7
56.3
31.3
15.7
6.7
1.7
0

- Curve Method :

2.

mD

___________________________________________________________________
(9) /

.
(
1
0
4
8

)
2
0
20
80

3
0
0
20

UH-4 hr
4
5
0
20
100
-

6
0
20
100

7
0
6.7
33.3

(2+3)

12

12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52

130
150
130
90
52
27
15
5
0
-

100
230
380
510
600
652
679
694
699
699
-

230
380
510
600
652
679
694
699
699
699
699

0
20
100
230
380
510
600
652
679
694
699

230
360
410
370
272
169
94
47
20
5
0

76.7
120
136.7
123.3
90.7
56.3
31.3
15.7
6.7
1.7
0

_____________________________________________________________________
(10) /

(
)
UH-4 hr



(2+3)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
0
0
0
0
2
8
8
0
8
16
4
20
0
20
8
12
24
6
43
8
51
20
31
62
8
80
20
100
51
49
98
10
110
51
161
100
61
122
12
130
100
230
161
69
138
14
146
161
307
230
77
154
16
150
230
380
307
73
146
18
142
307
449
380
69
138
20
130
380
510
449
61
122
22
112
449
561
510
51
102
24
90
510
600
561
39
78
26
70
561
631
600
31
62
28
52
600
652
631
21
42
30
38
631
669
652
17
34
32
27
652
679
669
10
20
34
20
669
689
679
10
20
36
15
679
694
689
5
10
38
10
689
699
694
5
10
40
5
694
699
699
0
(0) 3
42
2
699
701
699
(2)
(4) 0
44
0
699
699
701
(-2)
(-4) 0
_____________________________________________________________________
10.5.
:
.
:
1.
2.
.
3.

.
.

.
1.
2.
3.

:
.
.

____________________________________________________________________
(11) /
200
/
(day)
(cm)
(cm/day)
ER (cm)
%
5
0
2.5
cm
m3 /
0 -1
7.5
2.5
5
5
0.25
0.25
5.79
1 -2
2
2.5
0
15
0.75
0
0.75
17.36
2 3 5
2.5
2.5
40
2
0
0.125 2.125 49.19
3 4
25
1.25
0
0.375 1.625 37.62
4 5
10
0.5
0
1
1.5
34.72
5 6
5
0.25
0
0.625 0.875 20.25
6 7
0
0
0
0.25
0.25
5.79
7 8
0.125 0.125 2.89
8 - 9
0
0
0
* (200*104 / 86400) =
* 23.148 3 /

( Flood
1.7.
1.
2.
3.
4.

)
Flood :

Rational Method
) Empirical Method
Hydrograph Method
Flood Frequency
tudie
:
.
.
_____________________________________________________________________
1 .
Rational Method :
(

(0utlet)
QP = C A i
C = Runoff / Rainfall

t t c
,

A :

i :

QP = C ( itcp) A
QP : (m3/ )
,
C :
,
itcp : P
A :
( 2)
__________________________________________________________________________
(tc) Time of Concentration :
:
1.
U.
.A. Practice :
tc = tP = CtL ()n

tc

tc :

n = 0.38

CtL= con tant

= 0.83
= 0.5
= 0.24
L :

Lca :

2.

: Kirpich Equation

tc = 0.01947 L0.77

-0.385

tc : (min)
L : (m)

= H / L
:
H :
_______________________________________________________________________
Rainfall Intensity :
tc
P (

T = 1 / P )

K , a , x , m
________________________________________________________________________
(1) /
0.3
0.85
2
(min) 5
10
20
30
40
60
(mm)
17
26
40
50
57
62
(QP)
/
tc = 0.01947 * (950)0.77 * (0.006)-0.385 = 27.4 min.
27.4
(
) :
mm
itcp (
/
) :
mm/hr.

25

m3 /s.
2.

) : Empirical Formulas
Flood Peak Area Relationships :
QP

QP = f (A)
____________________________________________________________________
.
Dickens Formula :
QP = CD A3/4
QP : (m3/s)
A :
( 2)
CD :
(6 30)
.
Ryves Formula :
QP = CR A2/3

QP : (m3/s)
A :
CR :
= 6.8
= 8.5
= 10.2

2)
(80)
(80 - 160)

Inglis Formula :
QP =
QP : (m3/s)
A :
( 2)
Fuller's Formula :
QTP = Cf A0.8 (1+ 0.8 log T)

QTP :
Cf :

(m3/s)

T
(0.18 1.88 )

24

Bird McWarn Formula :

QMP =
(2) /

40.5

/
1.
(CD = 6)
QP = 6 * (40.5)0.75 = 96.3 m3/s
2.
(CR = 6.8)
QP = 6.8 (40.5)2/3 = 80.2 m3/s
3.
QP = = 704 m3/s
4.

:
3.
(

QMP = = 1367 m3/s

) Unit Hydrograph :

_____________________________________________________________________
4.
Flood Frequency Studies :

P = m / (N+1)

and

T = 1 / P
(r)

XT = X + k
XT
X

:
:
:
:

X
T
:

1.
2.
3.

.
.
.

2.7.

Real Gumbel'
XT = X + k n-1

Equation :

XT :

YT = - [ ln . ln ]
k =
/
Yn (
)
7 3 317

n (
______________________________________________________________________
(3) /
1951
1. 100
2. 150
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
61
62
63
64
(m3/ )
2947
3521
2399
4124
3496
2947
4290
4652
5050
6900
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
75
76
77
(m3/ )
4366
3380
7826
3320
6599
3700
4593
6761
1971
/
(x) (m3/ )
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

7820
6900
6761
6599
5060
5050
4903
4798
4652
4593
4366
4290
4175
4124
3873
3757
3700
3521
3496
3380
3320
2988
2947
2747
2709
2399
1971

1977
59

60

5060

4903

73

74

4175

2988

= 4263

T (year)

n-1 = 1432.6

YT = - [ ln.ln (5/4)] = 1.5

K = (1.5 0.5332)/1.1004 = 0.88 ,

X5 = 4263 + ( 0.88 * 1432.6) = 5522

m3/ .
T = 10 year

X10 = 6499

m3/ .

T = 100 year

XT = 9600 m3/ .

T = 150 year

XT = 10700 m3/ .

X20 = 7436 m3/ .

2709

TP = (N+1)/m

28
14
9.33
7
5.6
4.67
4
3.5
3.11
2.8
2.55
2.33
2.15
2
1.87
1.75
1.65
1.56
1.47
1.4
1.33
1.27
1.21
1.17
1.12
1.08
1.04

T = 5 year :

3757

:
X100 = 9558 m3/ .
/

&

X150 = 10088 m3/ .

T = 2.33

(Mean Annual F

(4) /
T (

( 3/

50
)

40809

46300
500

/
X100= X + k100 n-1
X50= X + k50 n-1
(k100 - k50) n-1 = X100 X50
= 46300 40809

(k100 k50) n-1 = 5491

kT =
Y100 = - [ln . ln (100/99)] = 4.6

Y50 = 3.9

n-1/
n = 5491 / (4.6 3.9) = 7864

T = 500
:
Y500 = - [ln . ln (500/499)] = 6.21
(Y500 - Y100 ) * ( n-1/
n

) = X500 X100

( 6.21 4.6) * 7864 = X500 46300

X500 = 59000 m3/ .

3.7.

Confidence Limit :
X
X1/ 2 = XT  f(c)
e
f(c) :

C %
f(c)

50
0.674

C
68
1

80
1.282

90
1.645

95
1.96

99
2.58

e :

e =
and
b =
k =
(
(
,
N :
___________________________________________________________________
(5) /
. 95%
.80%
/
7 3 N = 92
Yn = 0.5589
7 4 N = 92

n = 1.202
Y500 = - [ln .ln (500 / 499)] = 6.21

K500 = (6.21 0.5589) / 1.202 = 4.7

X500 = 6437 + 4.7 * 2951 = 20320 m3 / .
b = = 5.61

e = = 1726

. C = 95 %
f ( c ) = 1.96
X1 / 2 = 20320  (1.96 * 1726)
X1 = 23703 m3/
,
X2 = 16937 m3/
. C = 80 %
f ( c ) = 1.282
X1 / 2 = 20320  (1.282 * 1726)
X1 = 22533 m3/
,
X2 = 18110 m3/
_____________________________________________________________________
4.7.
:
X
Z = log X

:
ZT = Z + kz z

kz : (C )
z :

z =
C =
Z :

N :
Where kz ( C , T )

(6) /
) 100
/
61

51
62

(X)
4798
4290
Z = log X
3.5748 3.6811
65
75
76
(X)
3873
4593
Z = log X
3.4328 3.588

(7 6 )

327

(3)

) 200
52
63
(m3/ )
4652
3.4694
3.6325
66
77
(m3/ )
6761
3.6401
3.6621

z = 0.1427

53
64
2947
5050
3.5467
3.6676
67

.
54

55

56

57

58

59

60

3521
6900
3.38
3.7033
68

2399

4124

3496

2947

5060

4903

3.6153 3.5436 3.4694 3.7042 3.6905

3.8388
69
70
71
72
73
74

4366
3380
7826
3320
6599
3700
4175
2988
1971
3.5289 3.8935 3.5211 3.8195 3.5682 3.6207 3.4754
3.83
3.2947
,

3757

Z = 3.607

2709

C = = 0.043
T (year)
100
2.33
200
2.584

Kz
Kz z
0.3325 3.94
0.369 3.975

ZT
8709
9440

XT ( m3/

( Flood Routing )
1.8.
1.

:
2.

1.
2.

.
.

_____________________________________________________________________
2.8.
Hydrologic
torage Routing :
:
1.
Modified Paul' Method :

Q1 , Q2 :
(t)
I1 , I2 : (t)
S1 , S2 : (t)
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(S + Q
.
t

Q2 t

(S2 + Q2t / 2 )
(S2 + Q2t / 2 )
(S1 Q1t / 2 )

(1)
.
.

(1) /
(m )
100
3.35
100.5 3.472
101
3.88
101.5 4.383
102
4.882
102.5 5.37
102.75 5.527
103
5.856

( *106 m3 )

(m3/s)

0
10
26
46
72
100
116
130
100.5

(
60
20

0
66
72
(m3/s) 10
15
13

12

18

24

30

36

42

48

20
11

55

80

73

58

46

36

55

54

:
1.
2.

.
.
/
6
t = 6 * 60 * 60 = 0.0216 * 106 sec.

100
100.5
101
101.5
102
102.5
102.75
103

(m )
0
10
26
46
72
100
116
130

(m3/s)

S + Qt / 2) (Mm3))

3.35
3.58
4.16
4.88
5.66
6.45
6.78
7.26
Q

S + Qt / 2))

= (10+20) * (0.0216 /2) + (3.362) = 3.686

(S + Qt / 2) = 3.686
13 * 0.0216 = 3.405 Mm3

100.62
:

(hr)
Q (m3/s)
0
10
6
20
12
55
18
80
24
73
30
58
36
46
42
36
48
55
54
20

(m3/s)
15
37.5
67.5
76.5
65.5
52
41
31.75
37.5
17.5

0.324
0.81
1.458
1.652
1.415
1.123
0.886
0.686
0.513
0.378

3.362
3.405
3.632
3.945
4.107
4.096
3.988
3.902
3.789
3.676

I (m3/s)

It (Mm3)

3.686
4.215
5.09
5.597
5.522
5.219
4.874
4.588
4.302
4.054

10
13
27
53
69
66
57
45
37
29

100.5
100.62
101.04
101.64
101.96
101.91
101.72
101.48
101.3
100.1

(S - Qt / 2) (Mm3)

60
66
72

15
13
11

14
12

0.302
0.259
1

2.

3.557
3.47
3.427

3.859
3.729

100.93 23
100.77 18
100.65 14

Goodrich's Method :

______________________________________________________________________
(2) /
(
)
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
60
66
(m3/s) 10
30
85
140
125
96
75
25
20
/
t = 6 * 60 * 60 = 0.0216 * 106 sec.
100
100.5
101
101.5
102
102.5
102.75
103

(m )
0
10
26
46
72
100
116
130

(m3/s)

2S/t + Q) (Mm3))

310.2
331.5
385.3
451.8
524
597.2
627.8
672.2
:

1.
2.

(Q)
2S/t + Q))
t =
Q = 12 m3/s

.
.
100.6

:
( 2S/t + Q) = 340 m3/s

( 2S/t - Q) = 340 2 * Q = 340 2*12 = 316 m3/s

48

54

60

46

(2S/t +Q)2 = (10 + 30) + 316 = 356

2(2S/t + Q) = 356

= 100.74

Q = 17

3 /

(
(2S/t - Q)1 = 356 2*17 = 322 m3 / s
______________________________________________________________________
3.8.

Hydrologic Channel Routing :

S = f(Q)
Muskingum's Method for Routing :
Q2 = Co I2 + C1 I1 + C2 Q1

Co + C1 + C2 = 1
k :
___________________________________________________________________
(3) /

k = 12

, x :

x = 0.2

/
(

0
(m3/s)

6
10

12
20

18
50

24
60

30
55

36
45

42
35

I1 = 10

C1 I1 = 4.29

I2 = 20

Co I2 = 0.96

Q1 = 10

48
27

C2 Q1 = 5.23
Q = 10.48 m3/s

(
1
0
6
12
18
24

)
2
10
20
50
60
55

(m3/s)
3
0.96
2.4
2.88
2.64
2.16

I
4
4.29
8.58
21.45
25.74
23.6

0.048 I2
5
6
5.23
10
5.48
10.48
8.61
16.46
17.23 32.49
23.85 45.61

0.429 I1

0.523 Q1

54
20

30
36
42
48
54

45
35
27
20
15

1.68
1.3
0.96
0.72

19.3
15.02
11.58
8.58

25.95
24.55
21.38
17.74

t 6

12

49.61
46.93
40.87
33.92
27.04
Q1 = 10.48

3 /

( Ground Water )
8. 1.
1.
2.
1.
2.
1.
2.
.

:
Saturated Zone .
Aeration Zone .
Saturated Zone :
Aeration Zone :
Soil Water Zone :
Capillary Fringe :
Intermediate Zone :

1.

Aquifer:

2.

Aquitard :

3.

Aquiclude :

4.
Aquifuge :
______________________________________________________________________
8. 2.
Ground Water Budget :
.
I t - Q t = S
I t :
Q t :
S :
(t)
1.
2.
3.

.
.
.

8. 3.

Wells :

1.3.8.
1.

Steady Flow into a Well :

Confined Flow :
B

, if
S1 = H h1 , S2 = H h2
T = k B ( transportation factor m2/s.)

( H = h2 , R = r2 , S = 0 )

(1)
:
R = 300 m.

( r1 = rw , h1 = hw , S1 =

30
, rw = 0.15 m.

45 /
,

Sw = 3 m.

B = 20 m.

k = 45 / (3600 * 24) = 5.208 * 10-4 m/s.

T = 5.208 * 10-4 * 20 = 10.416*10-3 m2/s.
Q = 2 * * 10.416*10-3 * 3 / ln (300/0.15) = 0.02583 m3/s. = 1550 liter/min.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(2)
1.
2.

:
45

.
4.5

1.
2.

Q = 1637 m3/s.
Q = 2325 m3/s.

1.

) Unonfined Flow :
( H = h2 , R = r2 )

( r1 = rw , h1 = hw )

Or :

(3)
:
1.

30
Q = 1500*10-3/ 60 = 0.025 m3/s.

h2 = 40 2 = 38 m. ,
h1 = 40 3.5 = 36.5 m.
r2 = 75 m.
,
r1 = 25 m.
0.025 = ( * k * (382 36.52)) / ln (75/25)
k = 7.823 * 10-5 m/s.
T = k H = 7.823 * 10-5 * 40 = 3.13 * 10-3 m2 / s.
2.
0.025 = ( * 7.823 * 10-5 * (36.52 hw2)) / ln (25/0.15)
hw = 28.49 m.
Sw = 40 28.49 = 11.51 m
(

a
c

40

Accumulated Annual Rainfull at multi station (Pav)

Accumulated Annual Rainfull at X station (Px)
Correction Ratio = Mc / Ma = c / a
Mc = 11/11 = 1
Accumulated Annual Rainfull at multi station (Pav)
Accumulated Annual Rainfull at X station (Px)
Pcx = Px * Mc / Ma
Ma = 12.5 / 7 = 1.79
Ma
Mc
Time (days)
Accumulated
Precipitation
(cm)
1st. storm (10 cm)
2nd. storm (4 cm)
Rainfall Intensity
Cm/hr.
Time (hr.)
3
a
1
5
c


e
2
4
f
D
A

B
F
C
E
12
10
10
9.2
9.1
8
8
7.2
7
6
6
4
Annual Max. Precipitation (cm)
Time (year)
Dry
andy Loam
Wet
andy Loam
Dry Clay Loam
Wet Clay Loam
Infiltration Rate (mm/ hr)
Time from start of infiltration (hr.)
Rainfall Intensity (cm/ hr)
Time (hr.)
index
Runoff
Lo e
Di charge m3/ .

Time (month)
Di charge m3/ .
Time (month)
Di charge m3/ .
Time (month)
x
m
y = mx + b
y
b
Precipitation (P)
a
R = aP+ b
Runoff (R)
b
Daily Di charge m3/ .
Percentage time indicated di charge i equalled or exceeded (Pp)

Q
m3/ .
(Pp)
75
50
26
35
Accumulated Flow Volume (V)
Mm3
Time (m,w,d)
tn
tm

E
tc
D
C
B
A
D
E
C
M
N

1

2
Accumulated Flow Volume (V)
Mm3
Time (month)
D
C
D
C

1
Demand Line =

lope = 40 m3/

Accumulated Flow Volume (V)

Mm3
Time (month)
U1
B
A
V1

1

2

U2
V2
Accumulated Flow Volume *103
Mm3
Time (month)
D
C
D
C

2
Y
10.6
7
Accumulated Flow Volume *103
Mm3
Time (month)
B
A

torage
Ma

curve of demand

Ma

curve of flow

tp
tB
A
B
P
C
D
Time (hr)
Di charge Q (m3/ .)
Di charge Q (m3/ )

Time (day )
A
B
M
P
Ob erved Runoff
Ba e Flow

urface Runoff
A
Pi
B
Time
Di charge Q (m3/ .)
N

urface Runoff
Ba e Flow
A
B
Time
Di charge Q (m3/ .)

urface Runoff
Ba e Flow
A
Pi
E
Time
Di charge Q (m3/ .)

urface Runoff
Ba e Flow
B

F
Rainfall Inten ity (cm/ hr)
Time (hr.)
Exce

Rainfall

Lo e
A
Pi
B
Time
Di charge Q (m3/ .)
N = 1.6 day

urface Runoff
Ba e Flow
Time (hr)
Di charge Q (m3/ .)
A
B
A +
B = 5 cm DRH
C

Compo ite DRH

Time (hr)
Di charge Q (m3/ .)
6hr unit hyd.

torm hyd.
P i
P i
P i
Ba e Flow
End of DRH

Time (hr)
Q
(m3/ .)
= DRH of 3 cm.
A +
B +
C
F =
Q
(m3/ .)
Time (hr)
12 hr UH =( 0rd. of F) / 3
QP
Runoff
tc
Rece ion
End of Rainfall
Runoff & Rainfall
Rainfall

Computed
Plotting Po ition
Mean
N = 27 year
Di charge m3/
Log T (year )
5
10
20
2.33

Elevation (m)
Out flow Q (m3 /

(
+ Qt / 2 (Mm3
Q VS Elevation
(S + Qt / 2 (VS Elevation
3.686
3.58
100.5
10
13
Discharge Q (m3/s.)
Inflow
Outflow
Time (hr.)
Peak lag 7.2 hr.
Peak Attenuation = 10 m3/s.

Elevation (m)
Out flow Q (m3 / s)
(2S/t +Q (m3/s
Q VS Elevation
(2S /t + Q (VS Elevation
3.686
3.58
100.5
B
= 2 rw
Flow
H
S1

S2
h1
h2
Original Piezometric surface
Confined
Aquifer
Piezometric surface under pumping
Sw
hw
r 1
r 2
R
Q from pumping well
= 2 rw
Flow
H
S1
S2
h1
h2
Original Piezometric surface
Unonfined
Aquifer
Piezometric surface under pumping
Sw
hw
r 1
r 2
R
Q from pumping well

PAGE