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Chap 1 Problem Solutions

1.4 If a capacitor is connected in paraUel with the circuit of Prob. 1.4 and if this
capacitor supplies 1250 var, find the P and Q supplied by the 240-V source,
and find the resultant power factor.
Solution:
P
Q
p.f.

2880 W
4988- 1250 = 3738 var
_i 3738\
cos tan
2880 J1 = 0.61

^ *__

1.5 A single-phase inductive load draws 10 MW at 0.6 power factor lagging. Draw
the power triangle and determine the reactive power of a capacitor to be connected in parallel with the load to raise the power factor to 0.85.
43.33

Solution:
sin (cos 1 0.6)
-1

cos 0.85
0

lOtan31.79

Qc

13.33
31.79
6.2 var
-(13.33-6.2)
7.13 Mvar

10

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1.6 A single-phase induction motor is operating at a very light load during a large
part of every day and draws 10 A from the supply. A device is proposed to
"increase the efficiency' of the motor. During a demonstration the device is
placed in parallel with the unloaded motor and the current drawn from the
supply drops to 8 A. When two of the devices are placed in parallel the current
drops to 6 A. What simple device will cause this drop in current? Discuss the
advantages of the device. Is the efficiency of the motor increased by the device?
(Recall that an induction motor draws lagging current).
Solution:
A capacitor will cause the drop in current in the line because the lagging component of current
drawn by the motor will be partially offset by the leading current drawn by the capacitor.
The current drawn by the motor, however, will be unchanged if the terminal voltage remains
constant. So the motor efficiency will remain the same. Loss in the line supplying the motor
will be less due to the lower line current. If the line to the motor from the supply bus is long,
the voltage drop in the line will be reduced and this may be desirable.

1.7 If the impendance between machines 1 and 2 of Example 1.1 is Z = 0 j5 Q

determine (o) whether each machine is generating or consuming.power,
(b) whether each machine is receiving or supplying positive reactor power and
the amount, and (c) the value of P and Q absorbed by the impedance.
Solution:

I
E1F
E 2 I*

100 + j 0 (86.6 + j50) _ 10+

-j5
100(10 j2.6 8 ) = 1000-j268
(86.6 + j50)(10-j2.68) = 1000 + j268

10.35/ 15 A

Machine 1 generates 1000 W, receives 268 var

Machine 2 absorbs 1000 W, receives 268 var
Capacitor in the line supplies (10.35)2 x 5 = 536 var

1.8

Repeat Problem 1.8 if Z 5 + j0 D.

Solution:

I
E1F
E2F

100 + j0-(86.6 + j50)

2.68 jTO = 10.35/-75
5
100 (2.68 + jlO) = 268 + jl000
(86.6 +j50) (2.68 + jl0) = -268+jl000

Machine 1 generates 268 W, delivers 1000 var

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Machine 2 generates 268 W, receives 1000 var
2

Resistance in the Iine absorbs (10.35) x 5 = 536 W

Both machines are generators.

1.9 A voltage source E a n = 120/210 V and the current through the source is
given by I n a = 10/60 A. Find the values of P and Q and state whether the
source is delivering or receiving each.

-120/210 x 10/-60
P

1039 W delivered

600 var delivered

(+600 var absorbed by source, since I na defines positive current from n to a and Ean defines
point a at higher potential than n when e an is positive.)

1.10 Solve Example 1.1 if Ei = 100/0 V and E 2 = 120/ 30 V. Compare the results
with Example 1.1 and form some conclusions about the effect of variation of
the magnitude of E 2 in this circuit.
Solution:
r

100 (103.92 + j60)

3.92 j60
_ . . _
= ------------------------------ - ----------------- = 12 + 70.78
JO

jo

E 1 I * = 100 ( 12 j"0.78) = -1200-j78

E 2 E = (103.92 + j60) (12 j0.78) = -1247-j720-j81+46.8
= -1200-j801
Machine 1 absorbs 1200 W and 78 var
Machine 2 delivers 1200 W and 801 var
801 78 = 723 var absorbed by line
In Example 2.1 the line received 536 var, half from each source. Raising \E 2 \ caused some
increase in power transfer and some increase in Q supplied to the line, but the significant fact
is that raising |2| caused that source to supply not only aU the Q absorbed by the line but
also 78 var delivered to the IE1I source.

1.11Evaluate the following expressions in polar form:

(a) a 1
(b) 1 a2 + a
(c) a2 + a + j

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(d) ja 4- a 2
Solution:
(a) o-l = 0.5 + j0.866 1 = 1.732/ 150
(b) 1 a2 + a = 1 (0.5 jO.866) 0.5 + j0.866 = 1 + 71.732 = 2.00/60
(c) a2 + a + j = -0.5-j0.866-0.5 + jf0.866 + jl = 1 + 7~1 = 1.414/ 135
{d) ja + a 2 = 1/210 + 1/ 240 = -0.866-j0.5-0.5-j0.866 = 1.366 jl.366
= 1.932/225

1.12 Three identical impedances of 10/-15 Q are V-connected to balanced threephase line voltages of 208 V. Specify all the line and phase voltages and the
currents as phasors in polar form with V c a as reference for a phase sequence of
abc.

V>

Solution:

V an = 120/210 V

V ab = 208/240 V

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