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  • Choosing A Sampling Plan: MIL Standard 105D: The AQL or Acceptable Quality Level Is The Baseline Requirement

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    ajaymechengineer
    15 vizualizări3 pagini
    Military Standard 105E provides a system for choosing sampling plans to inspect products for acceptability. It establishes an Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) agreed upon by the producer and consumer as the baseline quality standard. Sampling plans determine sample sizes and acceptance rules to have a high probability of accepting products meeting the AQL while protecting against accepting poor quality. The standard offers three types of sampling plans and procedures to initially inspect lots and switch plans if quality is not meeting the AQL. It has been widely used for over 50 years and adopted as an international standard.

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    6.2.3.1

    Titlu original

    6.2.3.1

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    Military Standard 105E provides a system for choosing sampling plans to inspect products for acceptability. It establishes an Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) agreed upon by the producer and consumer as the baseline quality standard. Sampling plans determine sample sizes and acceptance rules to have a high probability of accepting products meeting the AQL while protecting against accepting poor quality. The standard offers three types of sampling plans and procedures to initially inspect lots and switch plans if quality is not meeting the AQL. It has been widely used for over 50 years and adopted as an international standard.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    15 vizualizări3 pagini

    Choosing A Sampling Plan: MIL Standard 105D: The AQL or Acceptable Quality Level Is The Baseline Requirement

    Încărcat de

    ajaymechengineer
    Military Standard 105E provides a system for choosing sampling plans to inspect products for acceptability. It establishes an Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) agreed upon by the producer and consumer as the baseline quality standard. Sampling plans determine sample sizes and acceptance rules to have a high probability of accepting products meeting the AQL while protecting against accepting poor quality. The standard offers three types of sampling plans and procedures to initially inspect lots and switch plans if quality is not meeting the AQL. It has been widely used for over 50 years and adopted as an international standard.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    din 3

    6.

    ProcessorProductMonitoringandControl
    6.2.TestProductforAcceptability:LotAcceptanceSampling
    6.2.3.HowdoyouChooseaSingleSamplingPlan?

    6.2.3.1.ChoosingaSamplingPlan:MIL
    Standard105D
    TheAQLor
    Acceptable
    Quality
    Levelisthe
    baseline
    requirement

    Samplingplansaretypicallysetupwithreferencetoan
    acceptablequalitylevel,orAQL.TheAQListhebaseline
    requirementforthequalityoftheproducer'sproduct.The
    producerwouldliketodesignasamplingplansuchthatthe
    OCcurveyieldsahighprobabilityofacceptanceattheAQL.
    OntheothersideoftheOCcurve,theconsumerwishestobe
    protectedfromacceptingpoorqualityfromtheproducer.So
    theconsumerestablishesacriterion,thelottolerancepercent
    defectiveorLTPD.Heretheideaistoonlyacceptpoor
    qualityproductwithaverylowprobability.Mil.Std.plans
    havebeenusedforover50yearstoachievethesegoals.
    TheU.S.DepartmentofDefenseMilitaryStandard105E

    Military
    Standard
    105E
    sampling
    plan

    Standardmilitarysamplingproceduresforinspectionby
    attributesweredevelopedduringWorldWarII.Army
    Ordnancetablesandproceduresweregeneratedintheearly
    1940'sandthesegrewintotheArmyServiceForcestables.At
    theendofthewar,theNavyalsoworkedonasetoftables.In
    themeanwhile,theStatisticalResearchGroupatColumbia
    Universityperformedresearchandoutputtedmany
    outstandingresultsonattributesamplingplans.
    Thesethreestreamscombinedin1950intoastandardcalled
    Mil.Std.105A.Ithassincebeenmodifiedfromtimetotime
    andissuedas105B,105Cand105D.Mil.Std.105Dwas
    issuedbytheU.S.governmentin1963.Itwasadoptedin
    1971bytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstituteasANSI
    StandardZ1.4andin1974itwasadopted(withminor
    changes)bytheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization
    asISOStd.2859.ThelatestrevisionisMil.Std105Eandwas
    issuedin1989.
    Thesethreesimilarstandardsarecontinuouslybeingupdated
    andrevised,butthebasictablesremainthesame.Thusthe
    discussionthatfollowsofthegermaneaspectsofMil.Std.
    105Ealsoappliestotheothertwostandards.
    DescriptionofMil.Std.105D

    Military
    Standard
    105D
    sampling
    plan

    Thisdocumentisessentiallyasetofindividualplans,
    organizedinasystemofsamplingschemes.Asampling
    schemeconsistsofacombinationofanormalsamplingplan,
    atightenedsamplingplan,andareducedsamplingplanplus
    rulesforswitchingfromonetotheother.

    AQLis
    foundation
    ofstandard

    ThefoundationoftheStandardistheacceptablequalitylevel
    orAQL.Inthefollowingscenario,acertainmilitaryagency,
    calledtheConsumerfromhereon,wantstopurchasea
    particularproductfromasupplier,calledtheProducerfrom
    hereon.
    InapplyingtheMil.Std.105Ditisexpectedthatthereis
    perfectagreementbetweenProducerandConsumerregarding
    whattheAQLisforagivenproductcharacteristic.Itis
    understoodbybothpartiesthattheProducerwillbe
    submittingforinspectionanumberoflotswhosequalitylevel
    istypicallyasgoodasspecifiedbytheConsumer.Continued
    qualityisassuredbytheacceptanceorrejectionoflots
    followingaparticularsamplingplanandalsobyprovidingfor
    ashifttoanother,tightersamplingplan,whenthereis
    evidencethattheProducer'sproductdoesnotmeettheagreed
    uponAQL.

    Standard
    offers3
    typesof
    sampling
    plans

    Mil.Std.105Eoffersthreetypesofsamplingplans:single,
    doubleandmultipleplans.Thechoiceis,ingeneral,uptothe
    inspectors.

    Inspection
    level

    InadditiontoaninitialdecisiononanAQLitisalso
    necessarytodecideonan"inspectionlevel".Thisdetermines
    therelationshipbetweenthelotsizeandthesamplesize.The
    standardoffersthreegeneralandfourspeciallevels.

    Stepsinthe
    standard

    Thestepsintheuseofthestandardcanbesummarizedas
    follows:

    Becauseofthethreepossibleselections,thestandarddoesnot
    giveasamplesize,butratherasamplecodeletter.This,
    togetherwiththedecisionofthetypeofplanyieldsthe
    specificsamplingplantobeused.

    1. DecideontheAQL.
    2. Decideontheinspectionlevel.
    3. Determinethelotsize.
    4. Enterthetabletofindsamplesizecodeletter.
    5. Decideontypeofsamplingtobeused.
    6. Enterpropertabletofindtheplantobeused.
    7. Beginwithnormalinspection,followtheswitching
    rulesandtheruleforstoppingtheinspection(if
    needed).
    Additional
    information

    ThereismuchmorethatcanbesaidaboutMil.Std.105E,
    (and105D).Theinterestedreaderisreferredtoreferences

    suchas(Montgomery(2000),Schilling,tables112to1117,
    andDuncan,pages214248).
    Thereisalso(currently)awebsitedevelopedbyGalit
    Shmuelithatwilldevelopsamplingplansinteractivelywith
    theuser,accordingtoMilitaryStandard105E(ANSI/ASQC
    Z1.4,ISO2859)Tables.

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