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If you'd like to download the French tutorial mp3s (frenchmp3s.html), use the DownThemAll (http://www.downthemall.net/) add-on for Firefox to download all the
mp3s at once instead of right-clicking on each link. All Oashcards and exercises will open in a new window. If you're interested in buying other materials to
supplement your French studies, I've recommended some books (http://ielanguages.com/french.html#books) from Amazon and Interlinear Books (http://interlinearbooks.com/french/?
r=6) for learning through literal translations. French Today (http://www.frenchtoday.com/?ref=21) and Yabla French (http://french.yabla.com/afXliate/996/) as well as FluentU
(https://Ouentu.refersion.com/c/46d7b) also offer great and affordable audio-visual materials. French Listening (frenchlistening.html) and Authentic French (authentic/) provide audio
and video clips of real, spoken French in various accents with transcripts so you can listen and read along, plus some exercises to test your comprehension. Realia collected in France
(real/france.htm), Belgium and Switzerland show authentic examples of French (real/french.htm) in use. For multilingual learners, there are French & Spanish (frenchspanish.html),
French & Italian (frenchitalian.html) and French & German (frenchgerman.html) tutorials available, as well as Romance Vocabulary lists (romlang.html) and Romance verb conjugations
(romanceverbs.html). If you'd like a guide to help with motivation and conXdence in learning and speaking French, check out Why French is Easy
(https://at209.isrefer.com/go/french/ielanguages/).
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(mp3s/basicphrases.mp3)
(exercises/frbasic.htm)
(exercises/frphrases.htm)
If you'd like to study these phrases (and their pronunciations) individually, please go to Basic French Phrases (frenchphrases.html).
Bonjour
Bonsoir
Bonne nuit
/b u/
/b swa/
/bn ni/
Good evening
Salut
Au revoir
/saly/
/()vwa/
/sil vu pl/
Hi / Bye
Goodbye
Merci (beaucoup)
De rien.
Je vous en prie.
/msi boku/
/d j /
/vu z pri/
You're welcome.
Bienvenu(e)
Allons-y!
A tout l'heure
/bj vny/
/al zi/
/a tu ta l/
Let's go!
A plus tard
A bientt
A demain
/a ply ta/
/a bj to/
/a dm /
Je suis dsol(e)
Pardon !
Excusez-moi !
/dezle/
/pad /
/ekskyze mwa/
I'm sorry
formal apology)
Comment allez-vous ?
Je vais bien
/ ve bj /
I'm Xne.
a va ?
a va.
Oui / non
/sa va/
/sa va/
/wi/ /n /
Yes / no
Tu t'appelles comment ?
Je m'appelle...
/ty tapl km /
/ mapl/
My name is...
Enchant(e)
Mesdames et Messieurs
/ te/
/medam/ /mesj/
/ si d/ / vj d/
I am from...
O habitez-vous ?
Tu habites o ?
J'habite ...
/u abite vu/
/ty abit u/
/abit a/
I live in...
Quel ge avez-vous ?
Tu as quel ge ?
/ty kl /
/e __ /
Je parle allemand.
/ pal alm/
/ n pal pa spal/
I speak German.
Comprenez-vous? / Tu comprends?
Je comprends
Je ne comprends pas
/ k p /
/ n k p pa/
I understand
I don't understand
Bien sr.
Comment ?
/bj sy/
/km /
Of course.
What? Pardon?
Tenez / Tiens
Je sais
Je ne sais pas
/tne/ /tj /
/ s/
/n s pa/
I know
I don't know
Voici / Voil
Il y a ... / Il y avait...
/u / /u s /
/vwasi/ /vwala/
Qu'est-ce qu'il y a ?
/km di t __ f s/
/ks k s k sa/
/ks kil i a/
What is that?
a ne fait rien.
/sa n f j /
/ks ki s pas/
/ ne okyn ide/
It doesn't matter.
What's happening?
I have no idea.
/ si fatie/ / si malad/
/e f / /e swaf/
/e o/ /e fw/
Je m'ennuie.
/ m ni/
/sa m teal/ / m X/
/n vu ft pa/ /n t f pa/
I'm bored.
J'ai oubli.
Je dois y aller.
/s n pa gav/
/e ublije/
/ dwa i ale/
I forgot.
I must go.
Flicitations !
Bonne chance !
/a vo sw/ /a te sw/
/felisitasj /
/bn s/
(informal)
Congratulations!
Good luck!
Taisez-vous ! / Tais-toi !
/s ta vu/ /s ta tw/
/ vu zm/ / tm/
Tu me manques.
Quoi de neuf ?
Pas grand-chose.
/ty m m k/
/kw d nf/
/pa g oz/
What's new?
Notice that French has informal and formal ways of saying things. This is because there is more than one meaning to "you" in French (as well as in many other languages.) The informal
you is used when talking to close friends, relatives, animals or children. The formal you is used when talking to someone you just met, do not know well, or someone for whom you would
like to show respect (a professor, for example.) There is also a plural you, used when speaking to more than one person. Also notice that some words take an extra e, shown in
parentheses. If the word refers to a woman or is spoken by a woman, then the e is added in spelling; but in most cases, it does not change the pronunciation. To make verbs negative,
French adds ne before the verb and pas after it. However, the ne is frequently dropped in spoken French, although it must appear in written French.
Don't forget to check out my video series on informal French expressions and slang vocabulary at the Informal French tutorial (frenchslang.html)
(mp3s/pronunciation.mp3) For a more in-depth look at French pronunciation, try to the French Phonetics (frenchphonetics.html) tutorial.
2. Pronunciation / la prononciation
French Vowels
IPA
Phonetic spelling
Sample words
General spellings
[i]
ee
i, y
[y]
ee rounded
[e]
ay
[]
ay rounded
eu
[]
eh
[]
eh rounded
u, eu
[a]
ah
a, ,
[
]
ah longer
a,
[u]
oo
ou
[o]
oh
o,
[]
aw
[]
uh
[
] is disappearing in modern French, being replaced by [a]. Vowels that do not exist in English are marked in blue.
French semi-vowels
IPA
Phonetic spelling
Sample words
General spelling
[w]
oi, ou
[]
ew-ee
lui, suisse
ui
[j]
yuh
oreille, Mireille
ill, y
IPA
Phonetic spelling
Sample words
General spelling
[]
awn
[ ]
ahn
in, im, yn, ym, ain, aim, ein, eim, un, um,
uhn
un
[]
ohn
on, om
egz
examen, exercice
ex + consonant
eks
exceptionnel, expression
ch (Latin origin)
sh
architecte, archives
ch (Greek origin)
orchestre, archologie
ti + vowel (except )
see
dmocratie, nation
c + e, i, y; or
c + a, o, u
g + e, i, y
zh
genou, gingembre
g + a, o, u
gomme, ganglion
th
zh
qu, Xnal q
silent
vowel + s + vowel
x + vowel
Xnal x
There are a lot of silent letters in French, and you usually do not pronounce the Xnal consonant, unless that Xnal consonant is C, R, F or L (except verbs that end in -r).
Liaison: French slurs most words together in a sentence, so if a word ends in a consonant that is not pronounced and the next word starts with a vowel or silent h, slur the two together
as if it were one word. S and x are pronounced as z; d as t; and f as v in these liaisons. Liaison is always made in the following cases:
after a determiner: un ami, des amis
before or after a pronoun: vous avez, je les ai
after a preceding adjective: bon ami, petits enfants
after one syllable prepositions: en avion, dans un livre
after some one-syllable adverbs (trs, plus, bien)
after est
It is optional after pas, trop fort, and the forms of tre, but it is never made after et.
Silent e: Sometimes the e is dropped in words and phrases, shortening the syllables and slurring more words.
rapid(e)ment, lent(e)ment, sauv(e)tage /apidm / / tm / /sovta/
sous l(e) bureau, chez l(e) docteur /sul byo/ /el dkto/
il y a d(e)... , pas d(e)... , plus d(e)... /yad/ /pad/ / plyd/
je n(e), de n(e) /n/ /dn/
j(e) te, c(e) que /t/ /sk/ (note the change of the pronunciation of the j as well)
Stress & Intonation: Stress on syllables is not as heavily pronounced as in English and it generally falls on the last syllable of the word. Intonation usually only rises for yes/no questions,
and all other times, it goes down at the end of the sentence.
3. Alphabet / l'alphabet
/a/
(mp3s/alphabet.mp3)
/i/
/s/
/be/
/ka/
/te/
/se/
/l/
/y/
/de/
/m/
/ve/
//
/n/
/dublve/
/f/
/o/
/iks/
//
/pe/
/igrk/
/a/
/ky/
/zd/
/i/
//
4. Nouns, Articles & Demonstratives / les noms, les articles & les demonstratifs
(mp3s/articles.mp3)
All nouns in French have a gender, either masculine or feminine. For the most part, you must memorize the gender, but there are some endings of words that will help you decide which
gender a noun is. Nouns ending in -age and -ment are usually masculine, as are nouns ending with a consonant. Nouns ending in -ure, -sion, -tion, -ence, -ance, -t, and -ette are usually
feminine.
Articles and adjectives must agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify. And articles have to be expressed even though they aren't always in English; and you may have to
repeat the article in some cases. Demonstratives are like strong deXnite articles.
De`nite Articles (The)
Masculine
Feminine
Before Vowel
Plural
le lit
la pomme
l'oiseau
les gants
/l li/
/la pm/
/lwazo/
/le /
the bed
the apple
the bird
the gloves
Feminine
Plural
un lit
une pomme
des gants
/ li/
/ yn pm/
/de /
a bed
an apple
some gloves
Fem.
Plural
ce lit
cet oiseau
cette pomme
ces gants
/s li/
/s twazo/
/st pm/
/se /
this/that bed
this/that bird
this/that apple
these/those gloves
If you need to distinguish between this or that and these or those, you can add -ci to the end of the noun for this and these, and -l to the end of the noun for that and those. For example,
ce lit-ci is this bed, while ce lit-l is that bed.
(mp3s/usefulwords.mp3)
(exercises/fruseful.htm)
It's / That's
c'est
/s/
There is/are
il y a
/il i a/
There is/are
voil
/vwala/
Here is/are
voici
/vwasi/
and
et
/e/
always
toujours
/tuu/
but
mais
/m/
often
souvent
/suv /
now
maintenant
/m tn /
sometimes
quelquefois
/klkfwa/
especially
surtout
/sytu/
usually
d'habitude
/dabityd/
except
sauf
/sof/
also, too
aussi
/osi/
of course
bien sr
/bj sy/
again
encore
/ k/
so so
late
en retard
/ ta/
not bad
pas mal
/pa mal/
almost
presque
/psk/
book
le livre
/l liv/
friend (fem)
une amie
/y nami/
pencil
le crayon
/l kj /
friend (masc)
un ami
/ nami/
pen
le stylo
/l stilo/
woman
une femme
/yn fam/
paper
le papier
/l papje/
man
un homme
/ nm/
dog
le chien
/l j /
girl
une `lle
/yn Xj/
cat
le chat
/l a/
boy
un garon
/ gas /
money
l'argent (m)
/la /
job / work
le travail
/l tavaj/
The expression il y a is reduced to y a in everyday speech. When il y a is followed by a number, it means ago. Il y a cinq minutes means Xve minutes ago. Some common slang words for
money include: le fric, le pze, le pognon, des sous and for job/work: le boulot.
(mp3s/subjectpronouns.mp3)
Subject Pronouns
je
//
nous
/nu/
We
tu
/ty/
You (informal)
vous
/vu/
il
/il/
He
ils
/il/
They (masc.)
elle
/l/
She
elles
/l/
They (fem.)
on
/ /
One
Il and elle can also mean it when they replace a noun (il replaces masculine nouns, and elle replaces feminine nouns) instead of a person's name. Ils and elles can replace plural nouns
as well in the same way. Notice there are two ways to say you. Tu is used when speaking to children, animals, or close friends and relatives. Vous is used when speaking to more than
one person, or to someone you don't know or who is older. On can be translated into English as one, the people, we, they, or you.
Tutoyer and vouvoyer are two verbs that have no direct translation into English. Tutoyer means to use tu or be informal with someone, while vouvoyer means to use vous or be formal
with someone.
(mp3s/etreavoir.mp3)
(exercises/frbe_have.htm)
(exercises/frbehave.htm)
je suis
/ si/
We are
nous sommes
/nu sm/
You are
tu es
/ty /
You are
vous tes
/vu zt/
He is
il est
/il /
They are
ils sont
/il s /
She is
elle est
/l /
They are
elles sont
/l s /
One is
on est
/ n/
j'tais
/et/
We were
nous tions
/nu zetj /
You were
tu tais
/tu et/
You were
vous tiez
/vu zetje/
He was
il tait
/il et/
They were
ils taient
/il zet/
She was
elle tait
/l et/
They were
elles taient
/l zet/
One was
on tait
/ net/
Je and any verb form that starts with a vowel (or silent h) combine together for ease of pronunciation.
Future Tense of tre - to be
I will be
je serai
/ se/
We will be
nous serons
/nu s /
You will be
tu seras
/ty sa/
You will be
vous serez
/vu se/
He will be
il sera
/il sa/
They will be
ils seront
/il s /
She will be
elle sera
/l sa/
They will be
elles seront
/l s /
One will be
on sera
/ sa/
j'ai
/e/
We have
nous avons
/nu zav /
You have
tu as
/ty /
You have
vous avez
/vu zave/
He has
il a
/il /
They have
ils ont
/il z /
She has
elle a
/l /
They have
elles ont
/l z /
One has
on a
/ n/
j'avais
/av/
We had
nous avions
/nu zavj /
You had
tu avais
/ty av/
You had
vous aviez
/vu zavje/
He had
il avait
/il av/
They had
ils avaient
/il zav/
She had
elle avait
/l av/
elles avaient
/l zav/
One had
on avait
/ nav/
j'aurai
/oe/
We will have
nous aurons
/nu zo /
tu auras
/ty o/
vous aurez
/vu zoe/
He will have
il aura
/il oa/
ils auront
/il zo /
elle aura
/l oa/
elles auront
/l zo /
on aura
/ noa/
In informal French, the tu forms of verbs that begin with a vowel contract with the pronoun: tu es = t'es /t/, tu as = t'as /t/, etc. In addition, it is very common to use on (plus 3rd person
singular conjugation) to mean we instead of nous.
(mp3s/expressions.mp3)
Avoir and tre are used in many common and idiomatic expressions that should be memorized:
avoir chaud
/avwa o/
to be hot
tre de retour
/t d tu/
to be back
avoir froid
/avwa fwa/
to be cold
tre en retard
/t ta/
to be late
avoir peur
/avwa p/
to be afraid
tre en avance
/t nav s/
to be early
avoir raison
/avwa z /
to be right
tre d'accord
/t dak/
to be in agreement
avoir tort
/avwa t/
to be wrong
/t sy l pw d/
to be about to
avoir faim
/avwa f /
to be hungry
tre en train de
/t t d/
to be in the act of
avoir soif
/avwa swaf/
to be thirsty
tre enrhume
/t yme/
to have a cold
avoir sommeil
/avwa smj/
to be sleepy
/t u/
to be (a day)
avoir honte
/avwa t/
to be ashamed
avoir besoin de
/avwa bzw d/
to need
avoir l'air de
/avwa d/
avoir l'intention de
/avwa t sj /
to intend to
avoir envie de
/avwa vi d/
to feel like
avoir de la chance
/avwa d la s/
to be lucky
Ils seront en train d'tudier. They will be (in the act of) studying.
(mp3s/questions.mp3)
(exercises/frquest.htm)
(exercises/frquestion.htm)
Who
Qui
/ki/
What
Quoi
/kwa/
Why
Pourquoi
/pukwa/
When
Quand
/k /
Where
/u/
How
Comment
/km /
Combien
/k bj /
Which / what
Quel(le)
/kl/
(mp3s/numbers.mp3)
(exercises/frnumbers.htm)
(exercises/frnumbers3.htm)
Zero
Zro
/zeo/
One
Un
/ /
Two
Deux
/d/
Three
Trois
/tw/
Four
Quatre
/kat/
Five
Cinq
/s k/
Six
Six
/sis/
Seven
Sept
/st/
Eight
Huit
/it/
Nine
Neuf
/nf/
Ten
Dix
/dis/
Eleven
Onze
/ z/
Twelve
Douze
/duz/
Thirteen
Treize
/tz/
Fourteen
Quatorze
/katz/
Fifteen
Quinze
/k z/
Sixteen
Seize
/sz/
Seventeen
Dix-sept
/dist/
Eighteen
Dix-huit
/dizit/
Nineteen
Dix-neuf
/diznf/
Twenty
Vingt
/v /
Twenty-one
Vingt et un
/v t e /
Twenty-two
Vingt-deux
/v d/
Twenty-three
Vingt-trois
/v tw/
Thirty
Trente
/t t/
Thirty-one
Trente et un
/t t e / /
Thirty-two
Trente-deux
/t t d/
Forty
Quarante
/ka t/
Fifty
Cinquante
/s k t/
Sixty
Soixante
/swas t/
Seventy
Soixante-dix
/swas tdis/
Septante
/spt t/
Seventy-one
Soixante et onze
/swas t e z/
Seventy-two
Soixante-douze
/swas t duz/
Eighty
Quatre-vingts
/katv /
Octante
/kt t/
Eighty-one
Quatre-vingt-un
/katv t /
Eighty-two
Quatre-vingt-deux
/katv d/
Ninety
Quatre-vingt-dix
/katv dis/
Nonante
/nn t/
Ninety-one
Quatre-vingt-onze
/katv z/
Ninety-two
Quatre-vingt-douze
/katv duz/
One Hundred
Cent
/s /
Cent un
/s t /
Two Hundred
Deux cents
/d s /
Deux cent un
/d s t /
Thousand
Mille
/mil/
Two Thousand
Deux mille
/d mil/
Million
Un million
/ milj /
Billion
Un milliard
/ milja/
French switches the use of commas and periods. 1,00 would be 1.00 in English. Belgian and Swiss French use septante and nonante in place of the standard French words for 70 and 90
(though some parts of Switzerland use huitante for 80 and octante is barely used anymore). Also, when the numbers 5, 6, 8, and 10 are used before a word beginning with a consonant,
their Xnal consonants are not pronounced. Phone numbers in France are ten digits, beginning with 01, 02, 03, 04, or 05 depending on the geographical region, or 06 and 07 for cell phones.
They are written two digits at a time, and pronounced thus: 01 36 55 89 28 = zro un, trente-six, cinquante-cinq, quatre-vingt-neuf, vingt-huit.
(mp3s/ordinalnumbers.mp3)
Xrst
premier / premire
second
deuxime / second
third
troisime
fourth
quatrime
Xfth
cinquime
sixth
sixime
seventh
septime
eighth
huitime
ninth
neuvime
tenth
dixime
eleventh
onzime
twelfth
douzime
twentieth
vingtime
twenty-Xrst
vingt et unime
thirtieth
trentime
(exercises/frordinals.htm)
The majority of numbers become ordinals by adding -ime. But if a number ends in an e, you must drop it before adding the -ime. After a q, you must add a u before the -ime. And an f
becomes a v before the -ime.
Listen to the la tlphone : un message (frenchlistening.html#message) mp3 and try the cloze (Xll-in-the-blank) exercise from French Listening Resources.
Recommended Resource:
(http://interlinearbooks.com/french/?c=250x250french&r=6)
(mp3s/days.mp3)
(exercises/frdays.htm)
Monday
lundi
/l di/
Tuesday
mardi
/madi/
Wednesday
mercredi
/mkdi/
Thursday
jeudi
/di/
Friday
vendredi
/v ddi/
Saturday
samedi
/samdi/
Sunday
dimanche
/dim /
day
le jour
/l u/
week
la semaine
/la s()mn/
today
aujourd'hui
/oudi/
yesterday
hier
/j/
tomorrow
demain
/dm /
next
prochain / prochaine
/p / /pn/
last
dernier / dernire
/dnje/ /dnj/
avant-hier
/av tj/
aprs-demain
/apdm /
le lendemain
/l l dm /
la veille
/la vj/
Articles are not used before days, except to express something that happens habitually on a certain day, such as le lundi = on Mondays. Days of the week are all masculine in gender and
they are not capitalized in writing.
Listen to the l'heure & la date : l'emploi du temps (frenchlistening.html#emploidutemps) mp3 and try the cloze (Xll-in-the-blank) exercise from French Listening Resources.
(mp3s/months.mp3)
(exercises/frmonths.htm) (exercises/frbehave.htm)
January
janvier
/ vje/
February
fvrier
/fevije/
March
mars
/mas/
April
avril
/avil/
May
mai
/m/
June
juin
/ /
July
juillet
/ij/
August
aot
/u(t)/
September
septembre
/spt b/
October
octobre
/ktb/
November
novembre
/nv b/
December
dcembre
/des b/
month
le mois
/l mwa/
year
l'an / l'anne
/l / /lane/
decade
la dcennie
/deseni/
century
le sicle
/l sjkl/
millennium
le millnaire
/milen/
To express in a certain month, such as in May, use en before the month as in "en mai." With dates, the ordinal numbers are not used, except for the Xrst of the month: le premier mai but
le deux juin. Also note that months are all masculine and not capitalized in French (same as days of the week).
(mp3s/seasons.mp3)
(exercises/frmonths.htm) (exercises/frbehave.htm)
Summer
l't
/lete/
in the summer
en t
/ nete/
Fall
l'automne
/lotn/
in the fall
en automne
/ notn/
Winter
l'hiver
/liv/
in the winter
en hiver
/ niv/
Spring
le printemps
/l p t /
in the spring
au printemps
/o pr t /
(mp3s/directions.mp3)
(exercises/frmonths.htm) (exercises/frbehave.htm)
on the left
gauche
/a go/
on the right
droite
/a dwt/
straight ahead
tout droit
/tu dw/
North
le nord
/l n/
Northeast
le nord-est
/l n(d)st/
South
le sud
/l syd/
Northwest
le nord-ouest
/l n(d)wst/
East
l'est
/lst/
Southeast
le sud-est
/sydst/
West
l'ouest
/lwst/
Southwest
le sud-ouest
/sydwst/
(mp3s/colorsshapes.mp3)
(exercises/frcolor.htm)
(exercises/frcolors.htm)
Red
rouge
/u/
square
le carr
/kae/
Orange
orange
/ /
circle
le cercle
/skl/
Yellow
jaune
/on/
triangle
le triangle
/tij gl/
Green
vert / verte
/v/ /vt/
rectangle
le rectangle
/kt gl/
Blue
bleu / bleue
/bl/
oval
l'ovale
/val/
Purple
violet / violette
/vjl/ /vjlt/
cube
le cube
/kyb/
White
blanc / blanche
/bl / /bl /
sphere
la sphre
/sf/
Brown
brun / brune
/b/ /byn/
cylinder
le cylindre
/sil d/
marron
/ma /
Black
noir / noire
/nwa/
cone
le cne
/kon/
Pink
rose
/oz/
octagon
l'octogone
/ktogn/
Gold
dor / dore
/de/
box
la bote
/bwat/
Silver
argent / argente
/a te/
light
clair / claire
/kl/
Gray
gris / grise
/gi/ /giz/
dark
fonc / fonce
/f se/
Some adjectives of color do not change to agree with gender or number, such as adjectives that also exist as nouns: orange, marron, rose; and compound adjectives: bleu clair, noir
fonc remain masculine even if they describe a feminine noun. Remember to place the color adjective after the noun.
(mp3s/weather.mp3)
(exercises/frweath.htm)
(exercises/frweather.htm)
/kl t f til/
It's nice
Il fait bon
/il f b /
bad
Il fait mauvais
/il f mve/
cool
Il fait frais
/il f f/
cold
Il fait froid
/il f fw/
warm, hot
Il fait chaud
/il f o/
cloudy
Il fait nuageux
/il f nya/
beautiful
Il fait beau
/il f bo/
mild
Il fait doux
/il f du/
stormy
Il fait orageux
/il f a/
sunny
Il fait soleil
/il f slj/
humid
Il fait humide
/il f ymid/
muggy
Il fait lourd
/il f lu/
windy
Il fait du vent
/il f dy v /
foggy
Il fait du brouillard
/il f dy buja/
snowing
Il neige
/il n/
raining
Il pleut
/il pl/
freezing
Il gle
/il l/
hailing
Il grle
/il gl/
It is ____ degrees.
/il f __ dge/
Il pleut des cordes /il pl de kod/ is a common expression meaning it's pouring. Il caille /il kaj/ or a caille /sa kaj/ is slang for it's freezing. And remember that France uses Celcius
degrees.
Listen to the le climat: le temps dans les Alpes (frenchlistening.html#climat) mp3 and try the cloze (Xll-in-the-blank) exercise from French Listening Resources.
(mp3s/time.mp3)
(exercises/frtimecards.htm)
(exercises/frtime.htm)
/kl til/
It is...
Il est...
/il /
one o'clock
une heure
/yn /
two o'clock
deux heures
/d z/
noon
midi
/midi/
midnight
minuit
/mini/
/tw z e ka/
/yn pesiz/
/kat pesiz/
twelve thirty
six thirty
/si z e dmi/
a quarter to seven
/st mw l ka/
Xve twenty
/s k v /
ten Xfty
/ z mw dis/
in the morning/AM
du matin
/dy mat /
in the afternoon/PM
de l'aprs-midi
/d lapmidi/
in the evening/PM
du soir
/dy swa/
OfXcial French time is expressed as military time (24 hour clock.) You can only use regular numbers, and not demi, quart, etc. when reporting time with the 24 hour system. For example,
if it is 18h30, you must say dix-huit heures trente. The word pile /pil/ is also a more informal way of saying prcise (exactly, sharp).
Listen to the l'heure & la date : l'emploi du temps (frenchlistening.html#emploidutemps) mp3 and try the cloze (Xll-in-the-blank) exercise from French Listening Resources.
(mp3s/family.mp3)
(exercises/frfamily.htm)
(exercises/frfamily3.htm)
Family
la famille
/famij/
Relatives
des parents
/pa /
Parents
les parents
/pa /
Grandparents
les grands-parents
/g pa /
Mom
la mre / maman
/m/ /mm /
Stepmother/Mother-in-Law
la belle-mre
/blm/
Dad
le pre / papa
/p/ /papa/
Stepfather/Father-in-Law
le beau-pre
/bop/
Daughter
la `lle
/Xj/
Son
le `ls
/Xs/
Sister
la sur
/s/
Half/Step Sister
la demi-sur
/dmi s/
Sister-in-Law
la belle-sur
/bls/
Stepdaughter/Daughter-in-Law
la belle-`lle
/bl Xj/
Brother
le frre
/f/
Half/Step Brother
le demi-frre
/dmi f/
Brother-in-Law
le beau-frre
/bo f/
Stepson/Son-in-Law
le beau-`ls
/bo Xs/
Twins (m)
les jumeaux
/ymo/
Twins (f)
les jumelles
/yml/
Uncle
l'oncle
/ kl/
Aunt
la tante
/t t/
Grandmother
la grand-mre
/g m/
Grandfather
le grand-pre
/g p/
Cousin (f)
la cousine
/kuzin/
Cousin (m)
le cousin
/kuz /
Wife
la femme
/fam/
Husband
le mari
/mai/
Woman
la femme
/fam/
Man
l'homme
/m/
/ f /
Girl
la `lle
/Xj/
Boy
le garon
/gas /
Niece
la nice
/njs/
Nephew
le neveu
/n()v/
Grandchildren
les petits-enfants
/p()tiz f /
Granddaughter
la petite-`lle
/p()tit Xj/
Grandson
le petit-`ls
/p()tiXs/
Godfather
le parrain
/pa /
Godmother
la marraine
/man/
Godson
le `lleul
/Xjl/
Goddaughter
la `lleule
/Xjl/
Distant Relatives
/pa elwae/
Single
clibataire
/selibat/
Married
mari(e)
/maje/
Separated
spar(e)
/sepae/
Divorced
divorc(e)
/divse/
Widower
veuf
/vf/
Widow
veuve
/vv/
Dog
/j / /jn/
Cat
/a/ /at/
Puppy
le chiot
/jo/
Kitten
le chaton
/at /
Pig
le cochon
/k /
Rooster
le coq
/kk/
Rabbit
le lapin
/lap /
Cow
la vache
/va/
Horse
le cheval
/()val/
Duck
le canard
/kana/
Goat
la chvre
/v/
Goose
l'oie
/wa/
Sheep
le mouton
/mut /
Lamb
l'agneau
/ao/
Donkey
l'ne
/n/
Mouse
la souris
/sui/
Listen to the la famille : ma famille (frenchlistening.html#famille) mp3 and try the cloze (Xll-in-the-blank) exercise from French Listening Resources.
toute la smala
/tut la smala/
Sister
la frangine
/f in/
Grandma
mm / mamie
/meme/ /mami/
Brother
le frangin
/f /
Grandpa
pp / papi
/pepe/ /papi/
Son
le `ston
/Xst /
Children
des gosses
/gs/
Aunt
tata / tatie
/tata/ /tati/
Kid
/gam / /gamin/
Uncle
tonton
/t t /
Woman
une nana
/nana/
Dog
le cabot / clbard
/kabo/ /kleba/
Man
Cat
le minou
/minu/
Listen to the animaux : chien ou chat ? (frenchlistening.html#animaux) mp3 and try the cloze (Xll-in-the-blank) exercise from French Listening Resources.
(mp3s/connaitresavoir.mp3) (exercises/frbe_have.htm)
(exercises/frknow.htm)
connais
/kn/
connaissons
/kns /
sais
/s/
savons
/sav /
connais
/kn/
connaissez
/knse/
sais
/s/
savez
/save/
connat
/kn/
connaissent
/kns/
sait
/s/
savent
/sav/
Connatre is used when you know (are familiar with) people, places, food, movies, books, etc. and savoir is used when you know facts. When savoir is followed by an inXnitive it means to
know how.
There is another form of savoir commonly used in the expressions que je sache that I know (of) and pas que je sache not that I know (of).
Je connais ton frre. I know your brother.
Je sais que ton frre s'appelle Jean. I know that your brother is named John.
Connaissez-vous Grenoble ? Do you know (Are you familiar with) Grenoble? / Have you ever been to Grenoble?
Oui, nous connaissons Grenoble. Yes, we know (are familiar with) Grenoble. / Yes, we've been to Grenoble.
Tu sais o Grenoble se trouve. You know where Grenoble is located.
Ils savent nager. They know how to swim.
(mp3s/pluralnouns.mp3) (exercises/frbe_have.htm)
Sing.
Plural
bus(es)
le bus
les bus
boat(s)
le bateau
les bateaux
horse(s)
le cheval
les chevaux
knee(s)
le genou
les genoux
Exceptions: festival, carnaval, bal, pneu, bleu, landau, dtail, chandail all add -s. There are only seven nouns ending in -ou that add -x instead of -s: bijou, caillou, chou, genou, pou,
joujou, hibou. There are, of course, some irregular exceptions: un il (eye) - des yeux (eyes); le ciel (sky) - les cieux (skies); and un jeune homme (a young man) - des jeunes gens
(young men).
Notice that the only time the pronunciation will change in the plural form is for masculine nouns that change -al or -ail to -aux and for the irregular forms. All other nouns are pronounced
the same in the singular and the plural - it is only the article that changes pronunciation (le, la, l' to les).
(mp3s/possadjectives.mp3) (exercises/frbe_have.htm)
(exercises/frpossadj.htm)
Masc.
Fem.
Plural
My
mon /m /
ma /ma/
mes /m/
Your
ton /t /
ta /ta/
tes /t/
His/Her/Its
son /s /
sa /sa/
ses /s/
Our
notre /nt/
notre /nt/
nos /no/
Your
votre /vt/
votre /vt/
vos /vo/
Their
leur /l/
leur /l/
leurs /l/
Possessive pronouns go before the noun. When a feminine noun begins with a vowel, you must use the masculine form of the pronoun for ease of pronunciation. Ma amie is incorrect
and must be mon amie, even though amie is feminine. Remember that adjectives agree with the noun in gender and number, not the possessor! Sa mre can mean his mother or her
mother even though sa is the feminine form, because it agrees with mre and not the possessor (his or her).
C'est ma mre et mon pre. This is my mother and my father.
Ce sont vos petits-enfants ? These are your grandchildren?
Mes parents sont divorcs. My parents are divorced.
Sa grand-mre est veuve. His grandmother is a widow.
Notre frre est mari, mais notre sur est clibataire. Our brother is married, but our sister is single.
Ton oncle est architecte, n'est-ce pas ? Your uncle is an architect, isn't he?
Leurs cousines sont nerlandaises. Their cousins are Dutch.
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