Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
(PVT)
Hadi Nugroho
Geological Department
Diponegoro University
2010
Modified by EBS 2014
Further Reading
McCain Jr, W.D. 1990, Properties of Petroleum
Petroleum Reservoirs
Rock Properties
Pressure / Temperature
Fluid Properties
Reservoir Drive
Migration
Distance
HC
Composition
Temperature
Geothermal
Gradient
Alteration
Post
Entrapment
Pressure
Reservoir
Depth
Chemical Composition
Normal Paraffin (alkane)
Aromatic (benzene)
NSO compounds
Chain
Cyclic / ring
H H H H
H
HCCCC C H
H H H H
H
H H H H
H
HCCCC C H
H H H H
H
C-H
H-C
H-C
C-H
C
H
Fluid Properties
Density
(Specific
Gravity)
Phase
Behavior
(PVT)
Viscosity
Compressibility
Crude Type
API gravity
Density (kg/m3)
> 31.1
22.3 31.1
10.0 22.3
< 870
870 920
920 1000
< 10.0
> 1000
*) Note: the boundary of light crude varies from one to another due to practical
reasons. NYMEX 37o API, NEB Canada 30.1o , PEMEX - 27o
Viscosity
Absolute (Dynamic) Viscosity: a measure of the internal
Conversions:
1 cm2/s = 1 stokes
1 mm2/s = 1 cSt
Viscosity (cp)
<5
5 10
10 - 30
> 30
Compressibility
Change in volume with respect to a change in pressure
Other Properties
Video
Solution Gas Oil Ratio (Rs) gas volume
dissolved in oil (SCF/STB or Sm3/STm3)
Petroleum Phases
Gas / vapor
(C1 C5)
Liquid
(C5 C23)
Solid
CP Critical Point
Cricondenbar
Cricondentherm
the maximum
temperature
above which liquid
cannot be formed
regardless of
pressure
Cricondenbar
maximum pressure
above which no
gas can be formed
regardless of
temperature
Wet Gas
Gas Condensate
Volatile Oil
Black Oil
Phase Separation
Unit at Well Head
Retrograde Condensation
C1 ~ 65%, Gas Oil Ratio > 6,000 scf/bbl, Oil gravity > 45o API
Conversion factor from SCF/Bbl to SM3/SM3 - 0.177295
Volatile Oil
If P above Bubble
GOR increasing
to 1,200 scf/bbl
if pressure
maintained above
bubble point
pressure
Black Oil
No gas cap if P
above Pb
GOR ~ 600
scf/bbl
Crude 23 38o
API
Video
In Summary
Knowing fluid properties is crucial for field
development
reservoir simulation
Good Luck
and
Have a Nice Day