Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PRE-REQUISTES
Planning, thinking
Assessment
Writing is a process
Stage 1
Proofreading: Language &
Mechanic of writing
Final copy
Stage 2
Stage 4
A.
B.
C.
D.
I & II
I, II, & III
II & III
All the above
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
http://padlet.com/supyanhussin1/q1
A Guide, Sifu
Yes, we need.
Ideas
Writing skills
Rhetoric approaches,
organization, logical
argument, cohesion, style,
diction
Writing a proposal
Language Competency
Syntax, Semantic, Grammar,
Punctuations,
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Tools
Computer: Word processing,
spell checker, grammar
checker, internet, graphic
editor, SPSS, End-Note
PLANNING
Why research?
Own interest
Requirement
Future goals in life
Recommendation by past studies
By chance, incidentally
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Pre-writing
stage
Identify a problem to be solved/studied, observe
a phenomenon
Read journals, proceedings, theses (literature
review)
Attend conferences
Under research methodology
How much to read? For BA, MA, PhD.
How old are the sources?
How long to read?
Why journals, proceedings, theses?
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Good problems
Researchable can be investigated through data
collection and analysis
Replicable can be carried out again
Have theoretical or practical significance
contributes to problem solving
Good for a researcher: current level of research
skill, available resources, time and other
restrictions
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Research: theory
Pre-writing
stage
Grounded theory
Action research
Theory
building:m
eaning
Focus groups
Case-based research
Survey
Feasible region
Experiment
Research by Purposes
Pre-writing
stage
Basic/Fundamental/Theoretical: refine/develop
theory
Applied research: apply and test a given theory and
its evaluation in solving educational problems
Evaluation research: facilitate decision making
R & D: develop effective products
Action research: solve problems
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Research by Methods
Pre-writing
stage
Historical research
Policy research
Descriptive research
Correlation research
Causal-comparative and Experimental
Research Methodology
MUST KNOW & MASTER COMMON TERMS
Type of research
Research problem
Theoretical framework
Conceptual framework
Research design
Sample population
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Pre-writing
stage
Sample population
Instrumentation
Data collection
Data analysis
Data interpretation
Pre-writing
stage
Variable
Operationalize
Reliability
Validity
Hypothesis
Statistical significant
Replication
Dr Supyan Hussin UKM
DSH-UKM-2007
Parametric test
Non-Parametric test
Chi-Square
Regression
ANOVA
T-test
Cronbach Alpha
Emile Durkheim
Lee Cronbach
L Guttman
Gene Gass
Creswell
Patton
Mariam
Pre-writing
stage
Problems
Research Q
Or Hypothesis
Instruments
Data analysis
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Theoretical
framework
Conceptual
framework
Variation in length
30-60 pages, chapter-based
10-20 pages, section-based
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Table of contents
1. Introduction
2. Background of the research (including literature
review)
3. Problem statement
4. Research Objectives
5. Research Questions/Hypothesis
6. Theoretical framework
7. Conceptual framework
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Table of contents
8. Methodology
8.1 Research Design
8.2 Sample of population
8.3 Instruments
8.4 Validity and reliability
8.5 Data collection/Research procedures
8.6 Data analysis
9. Operational Definitions
10.References
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
A RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Topic
name
matric no.
Center/school/faculty
1. INTRODUCTION
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Specific
to
General
General
to
Specific
Deductive
reasoning
2. BAKGROUND OF
THE RESEARCH
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
2
Review of Literature
Why?
Review what other people have done or are doing and what have
not been done
Avoid reinventing the wheels
Relate to your research
What?
Where?
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Source of references
Credible
Journals, books, reports, proceedings, thesis
Papers presented at conferences
Dissertations, Ph.D., M.A.
Less credible
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Journals
Specific discipline journals
Local
Abroad
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Krashen (1987)
conducted a study
on.
Long (1990) carried out
a study that involved
359 students
.
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
1995
2005
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Reasonable
Recommended
2015
Sustainable
2025
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
4. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS/
HYPOTHESIS
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Research questions
What?
How?
Why?
To what extent/degree?
In what way?
Is there any relationship?
Undergraduate vs Post-graduate
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
6. THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
Choose relevant theories, 2-4
Present the basic understanding of the
theories and their key elements
Discuss how the selected theories are
related to your study
Optional: draw a diagram to show the
relationship between or among the key
elements in each theory
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Theories
Education
Psychology
Language
Politics
Engineering
Science
Medicine
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Models
7. CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Defined
Discovery Learning
Meaningful Learning
Reading
Defined
Skills & Strategies
Towards Interactive Reading
On the WWW, Web 2.0
The Hypertext Environment
Past Studies
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Hyperlink
(sub text)
Approaches to
Reading
(bottom-up,
top-down,
interactive)
Hypertext
(main text)
text 1
text 2
text 3
text nth
Constructivism
COMPREHENSION
8. METHODOLOGY
8.1
8.2
8.2 Sample
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
8.2
Size
Quantitative vs qualitative
The larger sample, the less variation, the more
accurate, the more representative
General guideline: 30% of the population. 10% of
the sample for qualitative
Sampling
bias
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
METHODOLOGY
8.3 Instruments
Survey questionnaire
Interview questions
Observation checklist
Field note
Log book, journal entries
Tests
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
8.3
Descriptive research
Experimental research
8.3
Survey questionnaire
Adopt what is available
Tested, validated
Adapt
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Descriptive research
Experimental research
8.3
Construction of questionnaire
Must refer to research questions
Demographic
What, why, how, to what extent
Structured
Unstructured
Open ended
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
RQ1
RQ2
RQ3
Interview
Journal entries
8.3
+ - values
Randomization
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Descriptive research
Experimental research
8.3
Interview questions
Must refer to research questions
Demographic
What, why, how, to what extent
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Descriptive research
Experimental research
8.3
Type of observations
Non-participant observation
Participant observation
Case study
Ethnography
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
8.4
8.5
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
8.5
How?
Survey; questionnaire
Observation
Interview
What?
Instruments
Checklist
Recorders, Cameras
When?
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Problems
Theoretical
framework
Research Q
Or Hypothesis
Conceptual
framework
Instruments
8.6
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
8.6
Quantitative
Numbers
Coding
Analysis: statistics frequency, cross-tab, t-test,
ANOVA, correlation, multivariate, regression
Qualitative
Statements
Description of behaviors
Data analysis
8.6
change
100%
Quantitative data
60%
30%
Qualitative data
Historical, case study, ethnographic, policy
DSH-UKM-2004
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Sequence
Infer, generalize,
verify
8.6
Instrument
Data
collection
Data
interpretation
RQ or Hypothesis
Data
analysis
Key in data
coding
Theoretical
framework
Research Q
Or Hypothesis
Conceptual
framework
Instruments
Data analysis
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
8.6
Cross-tabulations
Correlation
Regression (simple/multiple)
prediction
Multivariate
Repeated measure
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
DSH-UKM-2004
Supyan Hussin UKM
8.6
Tests of significance
8.6
T-test
ANOVA (analysis of variance)
Multiple comparisons
Factorial analysis of variance
ANCOVA (analysis of covariance)
Chi Square
Pearson r
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
DSH-UKM-2004
Supyan Hussin UKM
Why test?
8.6
Means:
Group 1: 89 points
Group 2: 92 points
X = 85
Means:
Group 1: 8
Group 2: 5
Group 3: 7
X=6
8.6
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
9. Operational definitions
List your key words that may/may not
carry different meanings from dictionary
meaning
e.g., Mobile learning: mobility in learning, mobile using
notebook, handphone, remote learning, mobile using
smartphone?
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
10
10. References
Arrange the items in alphabetical order
Follow MLA/Gaya UKM format
Every single punctuation has a meaning.
Do not include references that are not cited in
the paper (this is for Bibliography)
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Set A
10
SET B
10
Al-Tamimi A. & Shuib M. (2009). Motivation and Attitudes Towards Learning English:
A Study Of Petroleum Engineering Undergraduates At Hadhramout University Of
Sciences And Technology. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies. 9(2): 29-55
Azizi Yahaya, Noordin Yahaya, Ooi Choon Lean, Abdul Talib Bon and Sharifuddin
Ismail (2011). Factors contributing to proficiency in English as a second language
among Chinese students in Johor Bahru. Elixir Psychology. 41 (2011): 5837-5848
Azlina Abdullah, Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria (2013). Modul Kaedah Penyelidikan,
MPU1123. Institut Kajian dan Latihan Integrasi Nasional Jabatan Perpaduan
Negara dan Integrasi Nasional.
SET C
10
.
Al-Tamimi A. & Shuib M. (2009). Motivation and Attitudes Towards Learning English: A Study
Of Petroleum Engineering Undergraduates At Hadhramout University Of Sciences And
Technology. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies. Volume 9(2): 29-55
Azizi Yahaya, Noordin Yahaya, Ooi Choon Lean, Abdul Talib Bon and Sharifuddin Ismail (2011).
Factors contributing to proficiency in English as a second language among Chinese students
in Johor Bahru. Elixir Psychology. Vol. 41(2011): 5837-5848
Azlina Abdullah, Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria (2013). Modul Kaedah Penyelidikan, MPU1123.
Institut Kajian dan Latihan Integrasi Nasional Jabatan Perpaduan Negara dan Integrasi Nasional.
10
Al-Tamimi A. & Shuib M. 2009. Motivation and Attitudes Towards Learning English: A Study
Of Petroleum Engineering Undergraduates At Hadhramout University Of Sciences And
Technology. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies. 9(2): 29-55
Azizi Yahaya, Noordin Yahaya, Ooi Choon Lean, Abdul Talib Bon and Sharifuddin Ismail. 2011.
Factors contributing to proficiency in English as a second language among Chinese students
in Johor Bahru. Elixir Psychology. 41: 5837-5848
Azlina Abdullah, Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria. 2013. Modul Kaedah Penyelidikan, MPU1123.
Institut Kajian dan Latihan Integrasi Nasional Jabatan Perpaduan Negara dan Integrasi
Nasional.
Shamsuddin Suhor. 2004. Celik alam sekitar: pengurusan di peringkat isi rumah. In
Jamaluddin Md. Jahi, Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor, Kadir Arifin & Azahan Awang (Eds.). Alam
sekitar dan kesejahteraan masyarakat Malaysia, pp. 196-211. Bangi: Pusat Pengajian
Siswazah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Dr Supyan Hussin UKM
DSH-UKM-2007
Good proposal
1. Complete proposal with required
components
2. Competent language
3. Clarity, help readers to understand
4. Well organized
5. Smooth flow of ideas
6. Convincing, persuasive argument
7. Minimal mechanical mistakes (spelling,
punctuations)
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
DSH-UKM-2004
Supyan Hussin UKM
Language
Sentence structure: length
Tenses: present, present participle, future
tenses vs past tense
Mood and tone (feeling)
Transitional devices to connect one idea to
another, one sentence to another, one
paragraph to another (coherence of ideas)
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
To show addition
Aagain, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, finally, first, further,
furthermore, in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next, second, still, too
A Guide, Sifu
Recap, we need.
Ideas
Writing skills
Rhetoric approaches,
organization, logical
argument, cohesion, style,
diction
Writing a proposal
Language Competency
Syntax, Semantic, Grammar,
Punctuations,
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Tools
Computer: Word processing,
spell checker, grammar
checker, internet, graphic
editor, SPSS, End-Note
Assessment
Section-based
Chapter-based
DSH-UKM-2007
Dr
Supyan Hussin UKM
Thank you
supyanhussin@gmail.com