Challenges of LTE-A Release 10-13 MIMO and Wi-Fi Offloading

Challenges of LTE-A Release 1013
Lothar Walther
Lothar.Walther@rohde-schwarz.com
Training Center
Rohde & Schwarz, Germany

l
Feature Overview R10
8x8 MIMO
Wi-Fi Offloading
D2D Communication
Outlook R13
12
October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
The LTEvolution path R9, 10
Rel-9
Rel-10
Relaying
SON
enhancements
eICIC
DL MIMO
8x8
UL MIMO
4x4
Enhanced
SC-FDMA
Public Warning
System (PWS)
Carrier
Aggregation
Home
eNodeB
Positioning
Self Organizing
Networks
eMBMS
Dual Layer
Beamforming
LTE Release 8
FDD / TDD

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Multi carrier /
Multi-RAT
Base Stations
The LTEvolution path R11

RAN enh. for
Diverse Data
Application
NW-based
positioning
(UTDOA)
CA
enhancements
feICIC
(further eICIC)
RAN overload
control for MTC
In-device
co-existence
Rel-9
Enh. DL
Control CH
Relaying
Network
Energy Saving
CoMP
UL / DL
Rel-11
MDT
SON
enhancements
eICIC
DL MIMO
8x8
UL MIMO
4x4
Enhanced
SC-FDMA
Public Warning
System (PWS)
Carrier
Aggregation
Home
eNodeB
Positioning
Self Organizing
Networks
Service Continuity
for eMBMS
eMBMS
Dual Layer
Beamforming
Rel-10
LTE Release 8
FDD / TDD

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Multi carrier /
Multi-RAT
Base Stations
LTE-Advanced Rel12
Rel12 Building Blocks
Small Cell enhancements

incl. dual layer connectivity
(macro/pico) and 256QAM
D2D
Proximity service
detection and
communication
M2M / MTC
Support for low
cost devices
WiFi offloading
Selective traffic
offload
Additionally:
Joint FDD-TDD Operation
Network-Assisted Interference Cancellation
Further Enhancements to LTE TDD for DL-UL Interference
Management and Traffic Adaptation
Coverage Enhancements
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5
5
Enhancements:
HetNet mobility, Machine-Type and other data
applications, low cost MTC, DL MIMO, coverage,
TDD UL-DL interference management
Rel-12
Small Cell enhancements

(Dual connectivity, 256QAM)
Rel-11
Further MBMS
operations support
Group call eMBMS
congestion management
RAN overload
control for MTC
Enh. DL
Control CH
NW-based
positioning
(UTDOA)
PWS (Reset /
Failure / Restart)
Inter eNB
CoMP
RAN enh. for

Diverse Data
Application
Service Continuity
for eMBMS
BeiDou
Navigation
D2D
In-device
co-existence
FDD/TDD joint
operation (CA)
CA
enhancements
WLAN/3GPP radio
interworking
NAICS
feICIC
Network
Energy Saving
Carrier
aggregation
eMBMS
CoMP
UL / DL
LTE Release 8 - 10
FDD / TDD
MIMO
DL: 8x8
UL: 4x4
SON
MDT
eICIC

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8x8 MIMO
Wi-Fi Offloading
D2D Communication
Outlook R13
12

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Principle of linear equalization

Transmitter sends reference signals which enables receiver to estimate H
R = S*H + n
H-1
Tx
^r
Rx
LE
Receiver multiplies the signal R with the

Hermetian conjugate complex of the transmitting
function to eliminate the channel influence
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DL Reference signals for channel estimation - SISO

Cell-specific reference signals (CSR)
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
l=0
frequency
One antenna port
R0
R0
R0
l=6 l=0
l=6
time
For MIMO: every transmission path needs to be estimated

Reference signals are antenna specific
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12 subcarriers
DL Cell specific reference signals MIMO (R8)

R1
R3
R0
R1
R2
R0
R0
R2
R1
R0
R3
R1
R1
R3
R0
R1
R2
R0
R0
R2
R1
R0
R3
R1
Different Tx antennas
can be recognized
separately
For more than

4 antennas
overhead would
be too big
1 subframe
R0
Antenna 0
R1
Antenna 1
~ 5%
overhead
R2
Antenna 2
R3
Antenna 3

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10
~ 2.5%
overhead
Reference signals
New style
Old style
one reference signal for
everything:
Channel estimation
Power detection
CQI evaluation etc.
specialists for specific

purpose:
Channel status estimation
Demodulation assistance
Position estimation etc.

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11
LTE Positioning Acquisition Reference Signal R9

Antenna ports are linked to the reference signals
one example:
Normal CP
Cell Specific RS
PA -RS
PCFICH /PHICH /PDCCH
PUSCH or No Transmission
UE in idle mode, scans for

Antenna port 0, cell specific RS
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UE in connected mode, scans

Positioning RS on antenna port 6
to locate its position
12
What are antenna ports?

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3GPP TS 36.211(Downlink)
An antenna port is defined such that the channel over which a symbol on the
antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over which another
symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed.
What does this mean?
The UE shall demodulate a received signal which is transmitted over a

certain antenna port based on the channel estimation performed on the
reference signals belonging to this (same) antenna port.

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13

Consequences of the definition
l
There is one sort of reference signal per antenna port

l Whenever a new sort of reference signal is introduced by 3GPP (e.g. PRS),
a new antenna port needs to be defined (e.g. Antenna Port 6)
3GPP defines the following antenna port / reference signal combinations

for downlink transmission:
Port
Release
Reference Signal
Application
0 to 3
Cell specific Reference

Signals
Single stream transmission, transmit

diversity, MIMO
MBSFN Reference Signal
MBMS
UE specific Reference Signal
Beamforming without MIMO, TM7
Positioning Reference Signal
Location Based Services
7,8
UE specific Reference Signals
Beamforming with MIMO, MU-MIMO, TM8
9 to 14
10
UE specific Reference Signals
Beamforming with MIMO, MU-MIMO, TM9
15 to 22
10
CSI Reference Signals
Channel State Information reporting

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14

Mapping Antenna Port to Physical Antennas
Antenna Port
1
AP0
AP1
AP2
AP3
AP4
AP5
AP6
AP7
AP8
Physical Antennas
1
1
1
PA0
W5,0
W5,1
PA1
W5,2
PA2
W5,3
PA3
M
M
M
The way the "logical" antenna ports are mapped to the "physical" TX antennas is
completely in the responsibility of the base station.
There's no need for the base station to tell the UE.
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15
Cell specific reference vs. Demodulation-RS

LTE Rel.8
LTE-Advanced (Rel.10)
CRS0
s1
CRS0 + CSI-RS0
s1
s2
Precoding
sN
........
........
s2
DM-RS0
Precoding
sN
Cell specific
reference signalsN
DM-RSN
Cell specific
reference signalsN +
Channel status information
reference signals 0
Demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) and data are precoded the

same way, enabling non-codebook based precoding and enhanced
multi-user beamforming.
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16
Non-codebook based precoding

Better estimation but DMRS have to
be UE specific, therefore only used
in connected mode
UE does not
need to know
precoding
Demodulation reference signals
Layer
mapping
Precoding
Precoding feedback (PMI) according to table in spec,

but precoding in downlink can be set arbitrarily
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17
Ref. signal mapping: Rel.8 vs. LTE-Advanced

Example:
l
LTE (Release 8)
LTE-A (Release 10)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
DM-RS sent only for scheduled

RBs on all antennas;
each layer differently coded
R E L E A S E
1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 antenna ports, antenna port 0,

CSI-RS configuration 8.
PDCCH (control) allocated in the
first 2 OFDM symbols.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
PDSCH PDCCH CRS
x
x
DM-RS
CSI-RS
R E L E A S E
CSI-RS punctures Rel. 8 data;

sent periodically over allotted REs
(not more than twice per frame)
CRS sent on all RBs; DTX sent
for the CRS of 2nd antenna port.

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18
PDSCH demodulation, UE specific
frequency
DM-RS
There are orthogonal cover

codes to make DM-RS detectable
CRS
p
[w p (0)
Antenna port
[+ 1
[+ 1
[+ 1
10
[+ 1
11
[+ 1
12
13
[+ 1
14
w p (1) w p ( 2) w p (3)
+ 1 + 1 + 1]
1 +1
1]
+ 1 + 1 + 1]
1 +1
+1
1]
1]
1 + 1 + 1]
1
1 + 1]
1 +1 +1
1]
time
Example: PDSCH
demodulation reference signal for antenna port 7 14
Several antennas transmit at same time!
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19
LTE-A reference signals in extended MIMO

DM-RS
CRS
Example:
8x8 MIMO
UE uses DM-RS for

antenna port 7- 10,
distinction due to
orthogonal cover code
frequency
( 4 antennas of 8x8 MIMO)
time
UE uses cell and antenna

specific reference
signals for antenna port
0-3 signal estimation
(
UE uses DM-RS for

antenna port 11-14,
distinction due to
orthogonal cover code
(
4 antennas of 8x8 MIMO)
4 x 4 MIMO max only)

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LTE-A reference signals in extended MIMO (8x8)

DM-RS
CRS
If channel changes
no detection possible
frequency
Channel estimation
in 8x8 MIMO is
much less robust
then e.g. 2x2 MIMO
because of the
reference signal
definition!
This guy is probably

not using 8x8 MIMO
time
But: 8x8 MIMO

will be possible in
perfect conditions
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21
Channel status information, CSI

R15 R15
R16 R16
R18 R18
R17 R17
l=0
l =6 l =0
l =6
l =0
R19 R19
l =6 l =0
l =6
l =0
l =6 l =0
l =6
l =0
l =6 l =0
even-numbered slots
l =6
R20 R20
R21 R21
l =0
l =6 l =0
l =6
odd-numbered slots
l =0
l =6 l =0
even-numbered slots
l =6
odd-numbered slots
l =0
R22 R22
l=6 l =0
even-numbered slots
l =6
odd-numbered slots
l =0
l =6 l =0
even-numbered slots
odd-numbered slots
Besides DM-RS, there are CSI, channel status information reference signals
defined, totally > 40 combinations of CSI mapping into the cell.
CSI = cell specific, to acquire channel state information
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22
l =6
8x8 MIMO codeword to layer mapping

Codeword 1:
111000011101
101
101
Codeword 1:
111000011101
100
011
ACK
000
Codeword 2:
010101010011
111
Codeword 2:
010101010011
001
111
ACK
Up to 8 times
the data
8 layers
Receiver only
sends
2 ACK/NACKs
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23
Physical Broadcast Channel, PBCH

Channel bandwidth (6, 15,
25, 50, 75 or 100 RBs)
PHICH configuration
(duration and resource)
System Frame number
MIB
#antennas
Number of transmit antenna ports
PBCH CRC mask
<0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0>
<1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1>
<0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1>
> 4 antennas: new mask 01110101M
CRC is masked, indicating indirectly

the number of Tx antennas
=24bits
=16bits
Transport
block
CRC
attachment
Channel
coding
Rate
matching
If a new bit pattern for > 4 antennas would be defined,

Rel.8 UE can not decode MIB any more!
CRC failure would be detected.
therefore # of antennas is indicated via TM9 or 10
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24
LTE UE categories (downlink and uplink)

DL
max. bits per transport
block
no. of
soft
channel
bits
layer 2
buffer size
[bytes]
no. of
DL
spatial
layers
min.
no.
of DL
CC
256
QAM
in DL
64
QAM
in UL
UL
max.
bits
per TTI
comment
HD FDD
Type B
Rel
UE
CAT
DL
max.
bits per
TTI
12
1000
1000
25344
20 000
No
No
1000
10296
10296
250368
150 000
No
No
5160
51024
51024
1237248
700 000
No
No
25456
102048
75376
1237248
1 400 000
No
No
51024
150752
75376
1827072
1 900 000
No
No
51024
302752
151376
3667200
3 500 000
No
Yes
75376
10
301504
3654144
3 300 000
2 or 4
1 or 2
No
No
51024
10
301504
3654144
3 800 000
2 or 4
1 or 2
No
No
102048
10
2998560
35982720
42 200 000
No
Yes
149776
149776 (4 layers)
75376 (2 layers)
149776 (4 layers)
75376 (2 layers)
299856
UE
TTI
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User Equipment
Transmission Time Interval
25
LTE UE categories (downlink and uplink)

Rel
UE
CAT
DL
max.
bits per
TTI
11
452256
11
10
452256
11
11
DL
max. bits per transport
block
149776 (4 layers)
75376 (2 layers)
149776 (4 layers)
75376 (2 layers)
no. of
soft
channel
bits
layer 2
buffer size
[bytes]
no. of
DL
spatial
layers
min.
no.
of DL
CC
256
QAM
in DL
64
QAM
in UL
UL
max.
bits
per TTI
comment
5481216
4 800 000
2 or 4
2 or 3
No
No
51024
3CCs in DL
5481216
5 200 000
2 or 4
2 or 3
No
No
102048
3CCs in DL
2 or 4
2,3
or 4
51024
4CCs in
DL or
3CCs and
256QAM
(R12)
603008
149776 (4 layers, 64QAM)

195816 (4 layers, 256QAM)
75376 (2 layers, 64QAM)
97896 (2 layers, 256QAM)
7308288
6 700 000
2 or 4
2,3
or 4
No
No
102048
4CCs in
DL or
3CCs and
256QAM
(R12)
7308288
6 200 000
No
No
11
12
603008
149776 (4 layers, 64QAM)

195816 (4 layers, 256QAM)
75376 (2 layers, 64QAM)
97896 (2 layers, 256QAM)
12
13
391632
195816 (4 layers)
97896 (2 layers)
3654144
4 200 000
2 or 4
1 or 2
Yes
No
51024
= Cat 6 +
256 QAM
12
14
391632
195816 (4 layers)
97896 (2 layers)
3654144
4 700 000
2 or 4
1 or 2
Yes
No
102048
= Cat 7 +
256 QAM
12
15
3916560
391656
47431680
50 800 000
Yes
Yes
149776
= Cat 8 +
256 QAM

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26
LTE transmission modes UE addressed by C-RNTI 36.213
Rel
Mode
PDSCH Transmission Scheme
DCI
Format
Search Space
Channel State
Feedback from UE
Single Antenna Port, port 0
1A
Common and UE Specific
CQI
UE Specific
1A
UE Specific
Transmit Diversity
1A
Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing/CDD, or Transmit Diversity
2A
UE Specific
Transmit Diversity
1A
Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing, or Transmit Diversity
UE Specific
Transmit Diversity
1A
Multi-User MIMO
1D
UE Specific
Transmit Diversity
1A
Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing using a Single

Transmission Layer
1B
UE Specific
Single Antenna Port, port 0, or Transmit Diversity
1A
Single Antenna Port, Port 5
UE Specific
1A
Dual Layer Transmission, port 7 and 8,

or Single Antenna Port, port 7 or 8
2B
UE Specific
1A
Up to 8 Layer Transmission ports 7-14
2C
UE Specific
Non-MBSFN subframe: If number of PBCH antenna ports =1,

Single-antenna port, port 0, otherwise Transmit diversity
MBSFN subframe: Single-antenna
Octoberport,
2015port| 7LTE-A R10-13 |
1A
4
8
5
10
11
10
Transmit Diversity
Up to 8 layer transmission,TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
ports 7-14
2D
or single-antenna port, port 7 or 8
27
UE Specific
CQI
CQI,RI
CQI,RI, PMI
CQI, PMI
CQI, PMI
CQI
CQI (PMI&RI if
instructed by eNodeB)
-> pmi-RI-Report-r9 e.g.
in RRCConnectionSetup
CQI (PTI, PMI&RI if
CQI (PTI, PMI&RI if
multiple CSI reports (per
serving cell / CSI
process) possible

l
8x8 MIMO
Wi-Fi Offloading
D2D Communication
Outlook R13
12

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28
Traffic Offloading with Wi-Fi

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29
WLAN offloading
Scenarios
l Indoor spaces where people congregate
such as cafs, restaurants, bookstores

and public transportation terminals
l Transit corridors and
large urban downtown settings
l Outdoor venues where people congregate
on a regular basis or for a single event,

such as concerts
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30
WLAN offloading
Mobility and Offload Today

EPC/SGSN
Internet
3GPP
Access
Non-3GPP
Access
Manual
no handover,
only data
EPC/SGSN
Internet
3GPP
Access
UE
Non-3GPP
Access
UE
Voice
Video
Web
FTP
l Voice and e.g. video-call over 3GPP

l IP Data (Web/FTP traffic) over 3GPP or WLAN
l No handover possible, IP stack is reset and new connection is established,
no session continuity
l Local IP address allocated by 3GPP or WLAN access network
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WLAN-LTE Traffic Offload: Principle

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32
WLAN offloading
Mobility and Offload with 3GPP Rel. 8/9

EPC
Internet
3GPP
Access
Non-3GPP
Access
Handover
non-seamless,
all flows
EPC
Internet
3GPP
Access
UE
Non-3GPP
Access
UE
Voice
Video
Web
FTP
l Non-seamless WLAN offload

l Local IP address allocated by WLAN access network
l Not possible to make selective data offload to WLAN
l Not required to connect to an ePDG (i.e. direct connectivity to Internet possible)
l Requires P-GW as mobility anchor (Network based mobility (S2a/S2b)
l Client based IP mobility
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33
WLAN offloading
Mobility and Offload with 3GPP Rel. 10
l Possibility to make selective data offload

l IP address preservation / session continuity is provided when moving IP flows
l Dynamic addition and removal of any access technology
l Simultaneous Multiple Access Connectivity
l IP Flow Mobility (IFOM, TS 23.261)
l Host Based Mobility (S2c with DSMIPv6)
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34
IP Flow Mobility (IFOM) client based
different traffic flows
link to
binding
cache
different CoA
for RATs

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
35
Network Based IP Mobility

Proxy Mobile IP Version 6 (PMIPv6)
All location information necessary to forward

data packets are administrated in the network
using the LMA and the MAGs.
Needs to be extended to support also flow

mobility. IETF is working on this issue

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36
Network Based IP Mobility

GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP)
The PDN-GW builds a GTP tunnel to the UE.

IP addresses of PDN-GW and UE stay the same, no matter in which access network
the UE is at the moment.
GTP is based on a bearer, so several tunnels may be used in a connection.
In addition, several bearers may be contained in a GTP tunnel and are then handled
together.

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37
Network Based IP Mobility IFOM capabilities

In order to support IFOM capabilities a logical interface (LIF) is implemented.
This approach can be used together with PMIPv6 or GTP

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38

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39
Security, Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

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40
WLAN and LTE infrastructure: non-trusted

Non secure interface between
3GPP and WLAN
non-trusted
Evolved packet data gateway performs

the connection between WLAN and
3GPP
open access or
private/partner Wi-Fi network
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41
WLAN and LTE infrastructure: trusted

Secure interface between 3GPP
and WLAN
trusted
secured and trusted

Wi-Fi network (e.g. from
Mobile Network Operator)
3GPP based
authentication
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42

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WLAN offload network reselection

Neighbour
list
Neighbour
list
Neighbour
list
Neighbour
list
WLAN
Neighbour
list
?
?
There is no neighbour information between LTE and WLAN,
so some rules have to be defined how information is given
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
44
Network Discovery and Selection

Serving
GW
PDN-GW
ANDSF
Inter-System Mobility Policy (by Operator)
Beacon (SSID1)
Beacon (SSID2)
GAS Initial Request
GAS Initial Response
Auth. / Assoc.
The 3GPP framework Access Network Discovery and Selection Function

(ANDSF) describes policies through which the operator can define how, where,
when, and for what purpose a UE can use another network.
The 802.11u specification defines a Access Network Query Protocol (ANQP)
with which the device can determine properties of the hotspot AP, such as:
Venue Name, Network Authentication, Roaming Consortium, IP Address Type,
NAI Realm, 3GPP Cellular information, Domain Name, Operator Friendly Name,
WAN Metrics, Connection Capability.
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45
Release 12: RAN Assisted WLAN Offload
Hierarchical structure for steering and network selection rules

User Preference
user
can switch off WLAN
ANDSF rules (if supported by UE and Network)

extended with RAN assistance
RAN rules

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
46

Traffic steering and network selection rules
Broadcast (SIB17)
Offload Configuration
RRCConnectionReconfiguration
(info about current PLMN only)
TsteeringWLAN -Timer
Reference Signal Received Power RSRP (ThreshServingOffloadWLAN, P)
Reference Signal Received Quality RSRQ (ThreshServingOffloadWLAN, Q)
WLAN channel utilization (ThreshChUtilWLAN)
Available backhaul bandwidth for DL (ThreshBackhRateDLWLAN)
Available backhaul bandwidth for UL (ThreshBackhRateULWLAN)
Signal strength (RSSI) threshold for WLAN (ThreshBeaconRSSIWLAN)
List of WLAN IDs
low and high values

to introduce Hysteresis
Broadcast (SIB17)
SSID
BSSID
HESSID
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
47

SIB17
=6
SystemInformationBlockType17-r12 ::= SEQUENCE {
wlan-OffloadInfoPerPLMN-List-r12 SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxPLMN-r11)) OF
WLAN-OffloadInfoPerPLMN-r12
OPTIONAL, -- Need OR
lateNonCriticalExtension
OCTET STRING
OPTIONAL,
...
}
WLAN-OffloadInfoPerPLMN-r12 ::=
wlan-OffloadConfigCommon-r12
wlan-Id-List-r12
...
}
SEQUENCE {
WLAN-OffloadConfig-r12
WLAN-Id-List-r12
OPTIONAL,
OPTIONAL,
-- Need OR
-- Need OR
=16
WLAN-Id-List-r12 ::=
SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxWLAN-Id-r12)) OF WLAN-Identifiers-r12
WLAN-Identifiers-r12 ::=
ssid-r12
bssid-r12
hessid-r12
SEQUENCE {
OCTET STRING (SIZE (1..32))
OCTET STRING (SIZE (6))
OCTET STRING (SIZE (6))

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
OPTIONAL,
OPTIONAL,
OPTIONAL,
48
-- Need OR
-- Need OR
-- Need OR
WLAN Offload with CMW500

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
49
ePDG Configuration

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
50

l
8x8 MIMO
Wi-Fi Offloading
D2D Communication
Outlook R13
12

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
51
LTE Device-to-Device (D2D)

Proximity Services (ProSe)
Objective: allow devices in close proximity to detect each other and to communicate directly
with each other
Goal: reduce network load, increase capacity in a given bandwidth, allow communication in
areas without network coverage
Discovery Communication : independent features
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
52
D2D Communication
Reference architecture for proximity-based services
one-to-many group communication

supports FDD and TDD
same or different carrier(s) than WAN
Use UL frequencies / time slots, SC-FDMA
No (HARQ) feedback on PHY (broadcast mode)
WAN Wide Area Network

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
Direct Provisioning Function (DPF)

Service authorization
Security parameters
Group IDs
Group IP multicast addresses
Radio resource parameters
Direct Discovery Name Management
Function
EPC-level Discovery Function
53
Sidelink Transmission

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
54
D2D Communication
New channels for Sidelink
Sidelink:
New notation for LTE D2D ProSe when referring to D2D/ProSes PC5 interface
STCH
SBCH
Sidelink Traffic Channel
Sidelink Broadcast Channel
Logical Channels
Transport Channels
SL-SCH
SL-BCH
SL-DCH
Sidelink Shared Channel
Sidelink Discovery Channel
SCI
Sidelink Control Information
Physical Channels
PSSCH
PSBCH
PSDCH
PSCCH
Physical
Sidelink Shared Channel
Physical
Physical
Sidelink Discovery Channel
Physical
Sidelink Control Channel

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
55
UE Capabilities
Attach Request
UE network capability IE
ProSe support, 1bit

ProSe-dd support, 1bit
ProSe-dc support, 1bit
dd direct discovery
dc direct communication
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
56
ProSe - Direct Discovery

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
57
Open Restricted Direct Discovery

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
58
Direct Discovery 2 Models

Model B
Model A
discovery message
broadcast on PC5:
Here I am!
not part of R12
discovery message
broadcast on PC5:
Who is out there?
Are you out there?
here I am
announcing
UE
monitoring
UEs
discoverer
UE

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
discoveree
UE
59
(1) Service Authorization and Provisioning
IP address of ProSe Function

- DNS lookup or
- Pre-configured in device
PC3:
- based on HTTP
- ProSe messages in body of
HTML req./resp. messages

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
60
(2) Discovery Req./Resp. with Network
UE #1 is now configured and ready to announce

UE #2 is now configured and ready to monitor desired information
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
61
(3) Direct Discovery Message

PC5
announcing UE,
sends discovery message
monitoring UEs, filter discovery messages

with filter assigned by Discovery Response
Message Integrity Check, based

on UTC (e.g. from SIB16)
Open or Restricted discovery?

Discovery Model? (R12 A only)
Message Type
ProSe Application Code
8bit
UTC-based Counter LSB
32bit
184bit
From network
(Discovery Response)
MIC
8bit
232bit

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
62
Announcing and monitoring of Discovery Message
PC5
Discovery message transparent to RLC/PDCP/RRC
Discovery supported in RRC-IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED state

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
63
Direct Discovery Resource allocation

RRC-IDLE
RRC_CONNECTED
SIB19
change to
RRC_CONNECTED
RRC
signaling
Resource Pools
from which UE
can select from
(Type 1)
Perform NAS service

request procedure to
ask for resources
(Type 2B)
Resource Pools
from which UE
can select from
(Type 1)

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
RRC
signaling
64
assign dedicated
resources
(semi-persistent)
(Type 2B)
ProSe - Direct Communication

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
65
Direct Communication - Provisioning
provided by
network when in
coverage
allowed PLMN when in coverage

is UE authorized for DC when out-of-coverage
ProSe Layer-2 Group ID
ProSe Group IP multicast address (IPv4 or IPv6)
Security parameters for group communication
Radio parameters when out-of-coverage
pre-configured
on UICC
pre-configured in
mobile
equipment

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
66
Direct Communication Resource Allocation

Mode1
SIB Type 18 provides

reception resource pool

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
67
DCI Format 5 SCI Format 0

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
68
Direct Communication Resource Allocation

Mode2

transmission resource pool

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC

reception resource pool
69
frequency
Direct Communication Resource Pool
not used by the same UE
time
W=WAN=cellular
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
70
Direct Communication Protocol Stack

connectionless (no RRC)
UM
Supports HARQ,
restricted to blind
retransmissions
without feedback

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
71
Direct Communication
Synchronization Aspects
For LTE D2D ProSe it will depend on the scenario and coverage situation how
synchronization between two devices is achieved
6RB
PSBCH
Sidelink ID (SID)
{0,1,M.,167}
device in coverage
{168,M, 335} device out of coverage
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
PSSS
SSSS
DMRS
PSBCH
Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal

Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal
Demodulation Reference Signal
Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel
72
Direct Communication
Synchronization Aspects - Hierarchical principle

Synchronization
Control is set to
true?
No
In-coverage?
No
Start
transmission of
SLSS, PSBCH
syncTxThreshIC
(SIB 18,19)
SIB 18, 19
Yes
No
Receive SLSS
from another
device above
threshold?
Start
transmission of
SLSS, PSBCH
Yes
RSRP above
threshold?
Yes
No
Yes
Synchronize to
SLSS from other
UE
Use eNB signals

(PSS/SSS) for
synchronization
Start
transmission of
SLSS, PSBCH
syncTxThreshOoC
(preconfigured in UE)
SLSS: Sidelink Synchronization Signals
PSBCH: Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel, carries Master Information Block-Sidelink
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
73

l
8x8 MIMO
Wi-Fi Offloading
D2D Communication
Outlook R13
12

TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
74
LTE-Advanced Release 13 Outlook

Some work started
MTC
enhancements
LTE in unlicensed
spectrum
(aka LAA)
Single-cell Pointto-Multipoint
(SC-PTM)
Enhanced multiuser transmission

techniques
Elevation
Beamforming /
Full-Dimension
MIMO
D2D
enhancements
Indoor
positioning
CA
enhancements
A new Study Item on V2x will particularly consider the usefulness of

new LTE features to the automotive industry - including Proximity
Service (ProSe) and LTE-based broadcast services such as Public
Warning Systems (PWS) and eMBMS.
TZ-GB1-Wa-151005-P-00.00-TM1-15-ABC
75

Challenges of LTE-A Release 10-13 MIMO and Wi-Fi Offloading

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Challenges of LTE-A Release 1013

Challenges of LTE-A Release 1013

Feature Overview R10

October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |

The LTEvolution path R9, 10

October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |

The LTEvolution path R11

October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |

Small Cell enhancements

Small Cell enhancements

RAN enh. for

October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |

Challenges of LTE-A Release 1013

Feature Overview R10

October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |

Principle of linear equalization

Receiver multiplies the signal R with the

DL Reference signals for channel estimation - SISO

One antenna port

For MIMO: every transmission path needs to be estimated

DL Cell specific reference signals MIMO (R8)

For more than

October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |

specialists for specific

October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |

LTE Positioning Acquisition Reference Signal R9

UE in idle mode, scans for

UE in connected mode, scans

What are antenna ports?

What does this mean?

The UE shall demodulate a received signal which is transmitted over a

October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |

What are antenna ports?

There is one sort of reference signal per antenna port

3GPP defines the following antenna port / reference signal combinations

Cell specific Reference

Single stream transmission, transmit

MBSFN Reference Signal

UE specific Reference Signal

Beamforming without MIMO, TM7

Positioning Reference Signal

Location Based Services

UE specific Reference Signals

Beamforming with MIMO, MU-MIMO, TM8

UE specific Reference Signals

Beamforming with MIMO, MU-MIMO, TM9

CSI Reference Signals

Channel State Information reporting

October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |

What are antenna ports?

Cell specific reference vs. Demodulation-RS

Demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) and data are precoded the

Non-codebook based precoding

Demodulation reference signals

Precoding feedback (PMI) according to table in spec,

Ref. signal mapping: Rel.8 vs. LTE-Advanced

LTE-A (Release 10)

DM-RS sent only for scheduled

2 antenna ports, antenna port 0,

PDSCH PDCCH CRS

CSI-RS punctures Rel. 8 data;

October 2015 | LTE-A R10-13 |