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Where DML consists of SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, MODIFY, DELETE etc, this will be handled
by ABAP Programs and DDL consists of commands like CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER
TABLE, CREATE INDEX etc, this will be handled by Data Dictionary, hence Data Dictionary is
the central repository for the development of objects .
The Main Functions of Data Dictionary are :
Data Elements
Domains
Structures
Search Helps
Lock Objects
Creating Tables
Creating Data elements and Domains
Data Types-Domains-Data
Elements
ABAP uses different types of Data Types for Objects, basically there are three types of data types
Elementary Data types, Complex Types, Reference Types .
In Elementary types there are again two types of data types( Categories ) Fixed Length and
Variable Length .
Fixed Length:
C Text Field
N Numeric
D Date
T Time
H Hexadecimal
P Parked Number
I Integer
F Float
Variable Length
STUDENT_NAME ext, data element specifies the field labels and headings for these fields )
What is a Domain in SAP ABAP ?
Domain is an object which specified technical information of a field in a table ex: Data type,
length, value range etc
Why we use Data elements and Domains in SAP ?
When ever we are creating a new table or adding a field to existing table, we need to specify field
labels and data types for the field, in SAP we maintain these values in the form of Data elements
and Domains.
Activate.
Domain is created.
Enter short description and domain name (ZSAPN_DOMAIN) and select field label tab.
No of expected records
0 - 7,100
7,100 - 28,000
28,000 - 1,10,000
Buffer
It is a temporary memory for storing the data .
It is same as cache memory.
The functionality of buffer is defined below.
Transparent table
There is a physical table on the database for each transparent table. The names of the physical
tables and the logical table definition in the ABAP/4 Dictionary correspond.
All business data and application data are stored in transparent tables.
Pooled table
Pooled tables can be used to store control data (e.g. screen sequences, program parameters or
temporary data). Several pooled tables can be combined to form a table pool. The table pool
corresponds to a physical table on the database in which all the records of the allocated pooled
tables are stored.
Cluster table
Cluster tables contain continuous text, for example, documentation. Several cluster tables can be
combined to form a table cluster. Several logical lines of different tables are combined to form a
physical record in this table type. This permits object-by-object storage or object-by-object
access. In order to combine tables in clusters, at least parts of the keys must agree. Several
cluster tables are stored in one corresponding table on the database.
Provide short description, delivery class (A), Display Maintenance Allowed and select fields tab.
Select Fields tab, add a field STUDENT_NO, data element as ZSTUDENT_NO and check Key
and Initial Value check boxes.
A table must contain at least one key field, without a key field we can not create a table.
Double click on data element ZSTUDENT_NO (Not yet created), a pop up will open click yes and
one more information message will come press enter.
Now a pop up will come asking to create date element, click yes.
Similarly create remaining fields with data elements and domains as below
You will get a warning message just click on No, table is created.
Now add entries to table.
Structure
Structure is list of fields defined under a name, which is used to process data at run-time in SAP
ABAP applications.
Structures are two types one is global structure and another one is local structure. Local structure
can be created in ABAP programs and global structure can be created in data dictionary and can
be reusable in different objects.
In this lesson we will be learning creating a structure in data dictionary.
Go to SE11, select Data Type radio button and click on create.
The structure is created, now we can use this structure in our ABAP programs.
Structure
restrictions ).
Table have primary and secondary indexes.
Pool Tables
Cluster Tables
It has a many-to-one
relationship with table in the
database.
Table pools contain more tables Contains less tables than table
than table clusters .
pools .
Click on technical settings button and provide data class and size category.
Go to utilities- table contents - create entries add some entries to the table.
Go to tab Entry help/check, select city fields and click on foreign key icon.
Provide short text, check table name ZSTUDENT_CHECK and click on generate proposal and
click on copy.
Save and activate the table(If you get a warning popup when activating just press no).
Now go to utilities - table entries -> create entries
Provide a city name which is not in ZSTUDENT_CHECK table and try to save, it will trough an
error.
Provide short description, data type and length as below and click on value range tab.