Ch. 7 Practice Quiz ANSWER KEY!

** I have not included PES Questions in this Practice Quiz because you already have packets that
includes practice questions. Be sure to review those packets!
Multiple Choice: Circle the letter of the correct answer. You may not use a calculator on this portion of
the exam.
1. One of the outermost electrons in a carbon atom in the ground state can be described by which of
the following sets of four quantum numbers?
a) 2, 0, 1, 1/2

b) 2, 1, -1, -1/2

c) 2, 1, 1, 1/2

d) 1, 0, 0, -1/2

2. Which of the following elements or ions is diamagnetic?

a) F

b) Cl

c) Ag+

d) Mn2+

3. When Fe0 changes to Fe3+, the number of occupied orbitals changes from:
a) 15 to 14

b) 15 to 12

c) 13 to 12

d) 13 to 11

4. What is the number of electrons in an atom of scandium that have a quantum number of l = 1?
a) 3

b) 4

c) 6

d) 12

5. Which element has the greatest difference between its first and second ionization energies?
a) bromine

b) calcium

c) potassium

d) aluminum

6. All of the following statements concerning the characteristics of the halogens are true EXCEPT:
a) The first ionization energies decrease as the atomic numbers of the halogens increase.
b) Fluorine is the most electronegative of the halogens.
c) Fluorine atoms have the smallest atomic radii.
d) Iodine liberates free bromine from a solution of bromide ion.
7. Of the following elements, which is the most electronegative element?
a) O

b) Rb

c) Mg

d) N

8. Which of the following statements is TRUE about electron affinity?

a) The more negative the electron affinity value is, the less the atom wants to gain an electron.
b) Noble gases have very high electron affinities.
c) Nitrogen has a lower electron affinity than expected.
d) Chlorine has a higher electron affinity than Fluorine. OOPS. This can also be correct!

Free Response
Long Response (modified 1997D)
Explain each of the following observations using principles of atomic structure (electron distribution,
shielding effect, effective nuclear charge). NOTE: Remember the S-A-Y What??? lecture!!!
(a) Potassium has a lower first-ionization energy than lithium.
(b) The ionic radius of N3- is larger than that of O2-.
(c) A calcium atom is larger than a zinc atom.
(d) A sample of nickel chloride is attracted to a magnetic field, whereas a sample of solid zinc chloride is
not.

ANSWER:

(a) potassiums valence electron is 4s1 while lithiums is 2s1. potassiums electron is shielded by
more electrons than lithium and is therefore more easily removed at a lower energy.
(b) The addition of electrons to a neutral atom produces an anion that is significantly larger than
its parent atom. Even though both ions are isoelectronic, there is a greater nuclear positive
charge in the oxide ion causing its electrons to be more tightly pulled toward the nucleus.
(c) Even though a zinc atom contains 10 more electrons than calcium, these are all 3d electrons,
filling an inner shell, not adding another larger one. There is a corresponding increase of 10
more protons for the zinc and this increase in nuclear charge pulls the electrons in more tightly
and reducing its size.
(d) Ni has unpaired electrons and is therefore paramagnetic, whereas Zn has only paired electrons
and is therefore diamagnetic. Must include orbital diagrams for Ni and Zn to receive full
credit:

Ni = [Ar]
4s2
Zn = [Ar]
4s2

NOTE: 2 unpaired electrons

3d8
NOTE: 0 unpaired electrons
3d8

Short Response

An electron falls from n = 6 to n = 1. Prove that it emits radiation in the UV portion of the spectrum by
using one of the following equations:

AND
where R = 1.09 x 107 m-1 and RH = 2.18 x 10-18 J
1 nm = 10-9 m

ANSWER:

Easiest to use the first equation, since this will solve for wavelength () and the chart
contains wavelengths:
Therefore.

= (1.09 x 107 m-1) (12 - 62 ) = 1.06 x 107 m-1

Soooo = (1.06 x 107)-1 = 9.4 x 10-8 m, which is clearly in the UV region of the spectrum!
You can also use the second equation and solve for E. Then, solve for using Plancks
equation:
1

E = -2.18 x 10-18 J (12 - 62 ) = -2.12 x 10-18 J

Therefore, = | -2.12 x 10-18 J | = 3.19 x 1015 s-1 = 3.19 x 1015 Hz, which is within the UV range
6.626 x 10-34 Js