Patents:Inventor,ApplicationandTerm

Inventor:forfirsttofile0system,legalclaimbasedonbeinginventorandbeingfirsttofile
(publicdisclosuretofulfilpatentbargain)
s.27(1)TheCommissionershallgrantapatentforaninventiontotheinventorortheinventors
legalrepresentativeifanapplicationforthepatentinCanadaisfiledinaccordancewiththisAct
andallotherrequirementsfortheissuanceofapatentunderthisActaremet.
Inventor:isnotdefinedinthePatentAct.Itisthepersonwhoisinventive.Comesupwiththe
inventivesolutiontotheproblemornevel,useful,nonobviousapplicationforanidea.Inventor
isnotmerelyasoundingboard[whatisthat?].Mustmaketheinventionandunderstandits
utility.
Registryandinventor:s.52Federalcourtcanchange/expungepatententries.Thisincludes
removingtheinventor.
Jointinventor:
-

Responsibleforpartoftheinventiveness
Ex;comingupwithideathatmakessomeoneelseswork(operative)orcontributing
independentparofthewholeinvention.
ApotexvWellcomemerelytestingaccordingtosomeoneelsesinstructionsdoesnot
equaljointinventorship
MoorevRegentsofUniversityofCaliforniasupplyingrawmaterialsisnot
inventorship

Employees:
-

UnlikeCopyrightActruleinPatentActtherearenorulesonownershipandemployees
GENERALLYthepresumptionisthattheactualinventoristheinventor(employee
EXCEPTIONS:
o Contractualagreements
o Employeehieredspecificallytoinventsomething..thereforetheinventionisin
theordinarycourseofemployment
o Considerbreachesofrelevantduties(loyalty,fiduciary)andconfidential
information

Application
-

PatentBargain:thepatenapplicationISpublicdisclosure
s.27TheCommissionershallgrantapatentforaninventiontotheinventororthe
inventorslegalrepresentativeifanapplicationforthepatentinCanadaisfiledin
accordancewiththisActandallotherrequirementsfortheissuanceofapatent
underthisActaremet.

APPLICATIONREQUIERMENTS:

o
o

Petition
Specification
Disclosure(descriprion):[correctly and fully describe the invention so
person skilled in art can follow instruction to make use of the invention to produce
the results invention supposed to achieve]

Claims:[clearlydefinescopeofclaimedmonopolytoprovidepublic
notice]

Specification>>Disclosure>>Patentbargain
-

Disclosureisthequidproquiforvaluableproprietaryrightstoexclusivitywhichare
entirelythestatutorycreatureofthepatenteactBinneinAZTpara37
adequatedisclosureinthespecificationisapreconditionforthegrantingofapatent
Tevapara34
whyisaSpecificationnecessary?ItisabargainbetweentheStateandtheinventor:the
Statesays,Ifyouwilltellwhatyourinventionisandifyouwillpublishthatinvention
insuchaformandinsuchawayastoenablethepublictogetthebenefitofit,youshall
haveamonopolyofthatinventionforaperiod....Thatisthebargain.SCCinTeva
para33,quoting1902case
Themeaningwhich...hasalwaysbeenplacedontheobjectandpurposeofa
Specificationisthatitistoenable,notanybody,butareasonablywellinformed
artisandealingwithasubjectmatterwithwhichheisfamiliar,tomakethething,so
astomakeitavailableforthepublicattheendoftheprotectedperiod.SCCin
Tevapara33,quoting1902case

Specification:disclosures.27(3)
-

correctlyfullydescribetheinventionandoperationoruse
setsinprocessormethodsoaskilledpersoncouldmakeoruseit
explainprincipleformachineandbestmoreforapplication
explainnecessarysequence,itany,ofthevariousstepsofprocessingtodistinguishit
fromotherinventions.

Whattheinventionisahowitwork(PioneerHiBred)

o nonambiguous[natureofinvention]AND
o Sufficient[howitisputintooperation]
Enoughinfosoaskilledpersonintheartcanreadthedisclosureandreproducethe
invention
Publicdisclosurebutaddresseeisnotionalordinaryskilledpersonintheartofthe
field(s)ofinvention

Specification:Claims:s.27(4)
-

Byclaims,inventorputsfencesroundthefieldsofmonopolyandwarnsthatpublic

againsttrespassingonproperty
Publicnotice
Claimitorloseit:can,butdonotneedto,claimallthatisnew,useful,andnonobvious

Application
-

Claimsanddisclosurehavetomatchup:whatisclaimedmustbeproportionaltothe
inventionthathasbeendisclosed(quidproquoproofpublicdisclosure)
Bewarecovetousclaiming

Specification:TevaCanadavPfizerCanadaInc.2012SCC
- Testing:1compound
- Disclosure:listsnineespeciallypreferredcompounds,statedstudiesconfirmedone,but
didnotdisclosewhichcompound.
- Claims:7cascadingclaims
o Claim1:setout260quintillioncompounds
o Claim5:9compounds
o Claim6:onecompounds(nottheeffectiveonesildenafil)
o Claim7sildenafil
- Theirfailuretodiscloseinthedisclosurethespecificcompoundthatworkswasafailure
- Inadequatedisclosure
- Eachclaimisnotaseparateinvention
- Interpretspecification(disclosureandclaims)asawholefromperspectiveofperson
skilledintheart
- Readaswhole,inadequatebecausepersonskilledintheartwouldneedtoconduct
furthertestingtodeterminewhichofthetwocompoundswaseffective.
- Itdidnotdisclosewhichcompounddidworkandthattheothershadnotbeenfoundtobe
effective
- Thebargainrequiredpublicdisclosure
- Ifthereisnoquidproperdisclosurethentherecanbenoquoexclusivemonopoly
rightsTevapara84
PreliminarySteps
- Patentablesubjectmatter,novel,useful,nonobvious
- Preliminarysearchforpriorart
- Anypriordisclosures
Applicationfiled
Examination
- Mustformallyrequestwithin5yearsoffilingdateandpayfee
Appeals(s.41)(within6months?)
Examination:(EvaluationofPatentability)
- PatentexaminerdeterminewhetherapplicationmeetsPatentAct(andPatentRules)
requierments
o Subjectmatter,novelty,utility,nonobvious
o Priorartevaluated;objection,responsesandamendments

ExaminationProcess:
- Notallowed:
o Ifdoesn'tpass,chancetoresponsetoobjectionand/amend
o ObjectioninExaminersreport
o Iffailtorespon,applicationabandoned
o Ifapplicationrejected>>finalaction
- Reponsetofinalaction
o Respondtoexaminersobjections
o Thanifrequest,toPatentAppealBoardforreview
o BoardmakerrecommendationtoCommissioner
o CommissionofPatentsmakesdecision
o Ifcommissionedrefusestograntpatent,applicationmayappealtothefederal
court
- Allowed
o IfapprovedbyPatentExaminer,notifed
o Mustpayfinalfeeorapplicationabandoned
o Oncepay,patentgrantedandavailableonCIPOwebsite.
AbandonedApplication
- Ifapplicationisabandonedduringprocess,canbereinstated
o Makearequestwithintheprescribedtimelimitand
o Payareinstatementfee
RefusalofPatents.40
- RefusedifCommissionerissatisfiedapplicantisnotbylawentitledtobegranteda
patent
- Ifentitled,patentgranted.
AppealofCommissionersDecisions.41
- IapplicationrefusedbyCommisions,mayappealtothedecisionfoFederalCourt
- Within6monthsofnoticedate(sees.40onnotice)
- FCexclusivejusrisdictionforappealsofthecommisionersdecision.
Applicationfiled
- Protectsfirsttofilestatus
- Startsexaminationprocess
- Nopublicdisclosureyet(unlessapplicantagreess.10)
18monthconfidentialityperiod(s.10)
Laidopendate(publicdisclosure)at18months(s.10
- 18monthsafterthedateoffilinginCanada,or18monthsfollowingthedateofforeign
filing,whicheverisfirst(prioritydate)
- PublicallyavailablethroughPatentPublicSearchToolandCIPOwebsite.
PresumptionofValidityofGrantedPatent
- Onepatentissued,presumedvalidintheabsenceofanyevidencetothecontrary)S.
43(2)

Burdens:
- Denialofpatents(egHarvardmouse):applicant
- Infringement(egSchmeiser):defendantchallengingvalidityhasburger(cuzanissues
patentisvalid43(2))

Postgrant:MaterialMisallegationss.53
- Patentvoidif:s.53(1)
o Untruemateuntruematerialallegationormoreorlessthannecessaryforthe
purposeinthespecificationanddrawingsandomissionsoradditionswilfully
misleading
- Partiallyvalid:s.53(2)
o ifadditionoromissionisinvoluntaryerrorandpatenteeentitledtoremainderof
patent,patentshallbevalidforpartofinventiontowhichpatenteeisentitled
Omissionofaninventorsnamecanbematerial:Apotexv.Wellcome
Postgrantmechanism:Disclaimers(s.48)
-

Patenteemaydisclaimanythingincludedinpatentbymistake,withoutwilfulintentto
misleadpublic
o specificationtoobroad
o patenteeclaimedtobeinventorofanymaterialorsubstantialpartofinventionto
whichpatenteenotinventorandhasnolawfulright
Afterdisclaimer,remainingpartsofpatentdeemedvalid(s.48(6))

PostGranMechanismsReExaminationss.48.148.5
o

o
o

Requestforreexamination(s.48.1)
o Anyperson(thirdparty,patentowner,Commissioner)
o filepriorart(publishedandgrantedpatents,printedpublications);identify
pertinencyofpriorartandhowitappliestoclaim(s)forwhichrequestingre
examination
Patentownerresponse
o Replywithin3monthss.48.2(5)
o Canproposeamendmentsornewclaimss.48.3(2)
o Butcannotincreasescopeofclaimss.48.3(2)
Maximum12monthprocesss.48.3(4)
EffectofReexamination:s.48.4
o cancelssomebutnotallclaims:retroactives.48.4(3)(a)
o cancelsallclaims:deemedneverissueds.48.4(3)(b)
o otherchanges(amendornewclaims):prospective,forunexpiredpartofterms.
48.4(3)(c)
AppealofReexaminations.48.5
o IfBoardreexamines,resultscanbeappealedbypatenteetoFederalCourt(s.
48.5)
o Butdecisionwhethertoreexamineisnotappealable

PostgrantMechanisms:ReIssueofPatents.47

o
o

o
o
o

accidentalerror,nofraud
defects
o overclaimingorunderclaiming
o insufficientdescriptionandspecification
surrenderofpatentwithinfouryears
issuenewpatentinaccordancewithamendmentstobeissuedforsameinvention(on
paymentoffee)
forunexpiredtermoforiginalpatent

TERMOFPROTECTION
o
o
o

Termofpatentcalculatedfromtimeofapplication
Butthereisintervaloftimebetweenapplicationandpotentialgrantofpatent(see
remediesforenforcementduringthisperiod)
ApplicationsfiledonorafterOctober1,1989:s.44:20yearsfromthefilingdate

CETA(ComprehensiveEconomicTradeAgreement)

Providesforuptotwoadditionalyearsofprotectionforpharmaceuticalproductson
expirationofpatent(andpotentiallylongerforpharmaceuticalsforpopulationssuchas
children)

Periodoftimecalculatedonperproductbasis

Periodofextraprotectioncanbereducedifapplicantcausesunjustifiabledelaysin
marketapproval

Intendedtoprovidetotalof13yearsofprotectionforpharmaceuticals

ONLYforinnovativedrugs(whereactiveingredientorcombinationofingredientshasnt
beenauthorizedbeforeinCanada)

ONLYforproductclaims(notprocess,notuse...)

AdditionalprotectionlimitedtoonlyONEpatentforeachpharmaceuticalproduct

ExemptionallowsCanadiangenericmanufacturerstoproduceforexportduringthe
additionaltime

AmendmentstocomplywiththeseprovisionsinCETAhavenotbeenproposedyet