Muscles: Their Origin, Insertion, Action and Innervation

Muscle:
Origin:
Insertion:

Anterior Axioappendicular Muscles (Table 6.3)

Pectoralis Major
1. Clavicular head
clavicle
2. Sternocostal head
sternum, and costal
cartilage

Lateral to
intertubercular groove
on humerus

3rd to 5th ribs

Coracoid process

Subclavius

1st rib

Clavicle inferior
surface
Anterior surface of
scapulas medial border

1st-8th ribs
[Or 2nd-9th ribs (varies
between humans)]
Posterior Axioappendicular Muscles (Table 6.4)
Superficial
Trapezius
- External occipital
protuberance
- Nuchal ligament to C7T12 spinous processes

Latissimus Dorsi

- Spinous processes of
thoracic vertebrae
- Fascia
- Iliac crest
- Inferior 3 or 4 ribs

- AD humerus
- MEDROT humerus
1. Clavicle head
FL humerus
2. Sternocostal head
EX humerus

Pectoralis Minor

Serratus
Anterior

Action: FL, EX, PF, DF, INV,

EV, INROT, EXROT, AB, AD,
etc

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle,

acromion and scapula
spine

Intertubercular groove
of humerus

- PROT and DEPR scapula

- DEP (inferior) scapula
- PROTR (anteriorly) scapula
- DOWNROT scapula
DEP clavicle
- PROT scapula
- UPROT scapula
- DEP scapula

- Descending ELV
scapula
- Middle or all RETR
scapula
- Ascending DEP scapula
- Descending & Ascending
UPROT
- EXT humerus
- AD humerus
- MEDROT humerus
- DOWNROT scapula
- DEPR scapula
- RETR scapula

Innervation:

Deep
Levator
Scapulae

- Transverse processes of
C1-C4 vertebrae

Superior medial border

of scapula

- ELEV scapula
- DOWNROT scapula

Rhomboids
Minor (superior)
Major (inferior)

- Nuchal ligament
- Spinous processes (C7T5)

Medial border of scapula

- ELEV scapula
- RETR scapula
- DOWNROT scapula

Muscles: Their Origin, Insertion, Action and Innervation

Muscle:
Origin:
Insertion:

Scapulohumeral Muscles (Table 6.6)

Deltoid
- Lateral 3rd of clavicle
- Acromion
- Scapula spine

Teres Major
- Posterior surface of
Lats little
inferior angle of scapula
helper
Rotator Cuff Muscles
2. Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of
(Supraspinus)
scapula
3. Infrapinatus
Middle part of lateral
(Posterior)
border of scapula
4. Teres Minor
Middle part of lateral
(Posterior)
border of scapula
1. Subscapularis Subscapular fossa of
(Anterior)
scapula
Anterior Arm Muscles
Biceps Brachii
Short head: coracoid
Short head
process of scapula
medial
Long head: supraglenoid
Long Head
tubercle of scapula
lateral
Coracobrachialis Coracoid process

Deltoid tuberosity on
humerus

Medial to intertubercular
groove of humerus

Superior facet of greater

tubercle of humerus
Inferior facet of greater
tubercle on humerus
Inferior facet of greater
tubercle on humerus
Lesser tubercle of
humerus

Action: FL, EX, PF, DF, INV,

EV, INDROT, EXROT, AB, AD,
etc
- Clavicular (anterior): FL
and MEDROT humerus
- Acromial (middle):
AB humerus
- Spinal (posterior): EX
and LATROT humerus
- AD humerus
- MEDROT humerus

Initiates and assists deltoid in

AB of humerus
LATROT humerus
LATROT humerus
MEDROT humerus

- Radial tuberosity
- Biciptal

- FL forearm at elbow
- SUP forearm

Middle third of medial

FL arm (shoulder)

Innervation:

Brachialis

Distal half of anterior

humerus
Posterior Arm Muscles
Triceps Brachii
Long head: infraglenoid
Long Head
tubercle of scapula
PROX (MED,
Lateral head: posterior
SUPFIC)
surface of humerus
Lateral Head
Medial head: posterior
INTM(LAT,
surface of humerus
SUPFIC)
Medial Head
DIS (deep)
Anconeus
Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Muscle:

Origin:

Flexors Anterior Forearm Muscles

Superficial (4 muscles)
Pronator Teres
Ulnar head: coronoid
Ulnar head
process
Humeral head
Humeral head: common
flexor origin on medial
ANT, crosses
epicondyle
MED to LAT
Flexor Carpi
Common flexor origin on
Radialis (FCR)
medial epicondyle
Palmaris Longus Common flexor origin on
(Absent in 14%
medial epicondyle
of ppl)
Flexor Carpi
Common flexor origin on
Ulnaris (FCU) medial epicondyle
MED
Intermediate (1 muscle)
Flexor digitorum Humeroulnar head:
superficiali
common flexor origin on

humerus
Coronoid process (ulna)

AD arm (shoulder)
FL forearm (elbow) at all
positions

Olecranon of ulna

- EX forearm (elbow)
- Long head: adducts
shoulder

Olecranon and posterior

surface of ulna

EX forearm (elbow)

Insertion:

Action: FL, EX, PF, DF, INV,

EV, INROT, EX, AB, AD, etc

Lateral surface of radius

Pronates forearm

Base of 2nd metacarpal

- FL hand (wrist)
- AB hand (wrist)
FL hand (wrist)

- Flexor retinaculum
- Palmar aponeurosis
- Pisiform
- Hook of hamate
- 5th metacarpal

- FL hand (wrist)
- AD hand (wrist)

Shafts of middle
phalanges of medial 4

- FL middle phalanges at
IP joint

Innervation:

(FDS) one flat

panel
Deep (3rd and 4th
Flexor digitorum
profundus (FDP)

anterior/medial
Flexor pollicis
longus (FPL)
cross ulna to
thumb,
anterior/lateral
Pronator
Quadratus
band over
wrist

medial epicondyle
Radial head: superior hald
of anterior border
layers 3 muscles)
- Proximal three quarters of
medial and anterior
surface of ulna
- Interosseous membrane
- Anterior surface of radius
- Interosseous membrane

Distal quarter of anterior

surface of ulna

Extensors Posterior Forearm Muscles

Superficial Layer (6 muscles)
Brachioradialis
Lateral supraepicondylar
ridge of humerus

digits (2nd to 5th)

- FL proximal phalanges at
MP joints

Base of distal phalanges

of 2nd to 5th digits

FL distal phalanges (DIP)

Base of distal phalanx of

thumb

FL phalanges of 1st digit

(thumb)

Distal quarter of anterior

surface of radius

Pronates forearm

- Weak FLXor of forearm

(elbow) maximal in midpronated position
- EX hand (wrist)
- AD hand (wrist)

Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus
(ECRL)
Extensor Carpi
Radialis Brevis
(ECRB)
Extensor
Digitorum

Lateral supraepicondylar
ridge of humerus

Lateral surface of distal

end of radius (proximal
to styloid process)
Dorsal aspect of base of
2nd metacarpal

Common extensor origin

on lateral epicondyle

Dorsal aspect of base of

3rd metacarpal

- EX hand (wrist)
-AB hand (wrist)

Common extensor origin

on lateral epicondyle

Extensor expansions of
medial four digits

Extensor Digiti

Common extensor origin

Extensor Expansion of

- EX medial 4 digits at MP
joints and IP joints
- EX hand (wrist)
EX 5th digit at MP joint and

5th digit

IP joint

Extensor Carpi
Lateral epicondyle of
Ulnaris (ECU)
humerus
Deep Layer (5 muscles)
Supinator
- Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
- Crest of ulna
Extensor Indicis
Posterior surface of distal
3rd of ulna

Dorsal aspect of base of

5th metacarpal

- EX hand (wrist)
- AD hand (wrist)

Lateral, posterior and

anterior surfaces of
proximal 3rd of raduis
Extensor expansion of
2nd digit

Supinates forewarm

Abductor Pollicis
Longus

- Posterior surface of
proximal halves of ulna
- Radius
- Interosseous membrane
- Posterior surface of
middle third of ulna
- Interosseous membrane

Base of 1st metacarpal

- Posterior surface of distal

third of radius
- Interosseous membrane

Dorsal aspect of base of

proximal phalanx of
thumb

Minimi (EDM)

Extensor Pollicis
Longus

Extensor Pollicis
Brevis

on lateral epicondyle

Dorsal aspect of base of

distal phalanx of thumb

- EX 2nd digit (main

function) MCP and IP
joints
- EX hand (wrist)
- AB thumb
- EX thumb at
carpometacarpal joint
- EX distal phalanx of
thumb at IP joint
- EX MP and
carpometacarpal joints
- EX proximal phalanx of
thumb at MP joint
- EX carpometacarpal
joints