Chemical change - worksheet answers

Glossary:
Anion: atom carrying a negative charge.
Cation: atom carrying a positive charge.
Compound: pure substance with a fixed ratio of atoms.
Ductile: can be drawn into a wire.
Electrical conductor: a substance which has charged particles which are capable of
moving.
Element: a substance containing only one type of atom.
Lattice: an ordered arrangement of particles
Malleable: able to have its shape modified - i.e. bent
Molecule: one or more atoms chemically bonded together
Valence electron: an electron situated in the outer shell (energy level)
Questions:
1.

2.

Element

Number of
electrons
lost

Number of
electrons
gained

Number of
electrons in
the ion

Number of
protons in
the ion

Ion

potassium

18

19

fluorine

10

oxygen

10

sodium

10

11

Na

magnesium

10

12

Mg

chlorine

18

17

Cl

calcium

18

20

Ca

bromine

36

35

Br

2+

2+
-

2+

Atoms sometimes gain or lose electrons to attain a stable electron arrangement like that of a
noble gas. Atoms that gain electrons have more electrons than protons and form ions with a
negative charge. Atoms that lose electrons have more protons than electrons and form ions
with a positive charge. Positive and negative ions are attracted to each other and form ionic
bonds. Ionic bonds tend to form between atoms of metallic and non-metallic elements.
Molecular substances form between atoms of non-metallic elements. They share valence
electrons in covalent bonds. By sharing electrons, each atom has the same number of
electrons as a noble gas. The atoms share electrons but they do not gain or lose electrons
like ions do.
Metallic substances consist of positive ions in fixed positions called a lattice with valence
electrons that are free to move throughout the lattice. The electrons are not held by particular
ions or shared between particular atoms.

3.

a) Ionic. Magnesium is a metal and oxygen (in air) is a non-metal. Metals and non-metals
combine to form ionic compounds.
b) It would be solid at room temperature and have a very high melting point. It would be
brittle. It will not conduct electricity in solid form, but will when molten or dissolved in
water.

c)
d) No. Though it has charged particles (anions and cations), they are in fixed positions in a
lattice. For a substance to be able to conduct electricity, there must be free moving
charged particles.
e) Magnesium oxide would conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in solution
(aqueous).
4.

5.

a) calcium fluoride
c) ammonium nitrate
e) calcium hydrogen
carbonate
g) tin (IV) chloride
i) aluminium nitrate
k) potassium phosphate
m) ammonium sulphate
o) chromium (III) oxide
a)
c)
e)

(NH4)SO4
Mg(NO3)2
NaHCO3

g)
i)
k)
m)
o)

SnS2
Ba(HSO4)2
HgO
Al2O3
ZnS

CaF2
NH4NO3
Ca(HCO3)2

b) silver nitrate
d) iron (II) chlorate
f) sodium carbonate

AgNO3
Fe(ClO3)2
Na2CO3

SnCl4
Al(NO3)3
K3PO4
(NH4)2SO4
Cr2O3

h)
j)
l)
n)
p)

Sn(SO4)2
Al2(SO4)3
Ba3(PO4)2
ZnSO3
Al2(CO3)3

ammonium sulfate
magnesium nitrate
sodium hydrogen
carbonate
tin(IV) sulfide
barium hydrogen sulfate
mercury (II) oxide
aluminium oxide
zinc sulfide

tin (IV) sulphate

aluminium sulphate
barium phosphate
zinc sulphite
aluminium carbonate

b) K2SO4
d) CrF3
f) PbCl2

potassium sulfate
chromium (III) fluoride
lead (II) chloride

h)
j)
l)
n)
p)

copper (II) phosphate

nickel iodide
calcium carbonate
iron (III) phosphate
zinc oxide

Cu3(PO4)2
NiI2
CaCO3
FePO4
ZnO

6.

carbon dioxide (CO2)

water (H2O)

methane (CH4)

ammonia (NH3)

7.

a) For a material to conduct electricity, there must either free electrons or ions able to move
and carry charge.
b) In a salt solution, there + and ions that are able to move.
c)