Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Blvd., Ermita Manila

FINAL EXAM in Transportation Engineering

USI, DIANE KRISELLE Y.

October 21, 2015

BSCE-5C

Problem 1: (#7 p.79)

Estimate the capacity of a given highway with density equal to 110 veh/km during jam
condition and with a speed of 80 kph during free flow condition. Assume a linear relation
between density and speed.

Solution:
=
= 110 80

= /

Problem 2: (#12 p.81)

Data obtained from a survey are as follows:

Flow, veh/hr

Speed, km/hr

1600

80

3705

39

3900

65

2400

20

1000

15

4000

50

Perform regression analysis on speed-density relation and estimate the

maximum flow or capacity.

Solution:
Point

ku

k2

(k-2767.5)2

(u-48.833)2

1600

80

128000

256x104

1358390.25

971.382

3705

39

144495

13727025

882660.25

96.688

3900

65

253500

1521x104

1287090.25

261.372

2400

20

48000

576x104

133590.25

831.342

1000

15

15000

1x106

3116990.25

1144.672

4000

50

200x103

16x106

1523990.25

1.362

SUM

16605

269

788995

54257025

MEAN

2767.5

48.833

2 2

7889956(2767.5)(48.833)
542570256(2767.5)2

= 0.003

= = 48.833 (0.003 )(2767.5) = 57.136

Therefore the regression line is:
= + = 57.136 0.003
= 0

= 0

0 = 57.136 0.003

= 57.136 0.003(0)

= 19045.333 /

= 57.136

19045.333
2

57.136
2

= . /

Problem 3: (#19 p.82)

Traffic flow at the rate of 1200 veh/hr and density of 20 veh/km joined the tail of a 400 m
long Santacruzan procession moving at a pace of 3 kph. Since it was impossible to pass,
a platoon density of 190 veh/km was formed. The head of the procession was expected
to exit the road after moving 1 km. (Capacity of the road = 2000 veh/hr at density = 45
veh/km jam density at 200 veh/km)

a. Draw approximately the q-k diagram to show the computation of shock wave.
b. Estimate the length of queue after the Santacruzan procession has cleared the
road.
c. Estimate how long it would take to disperse the platoon queue.

Solution:
a. q k diagram
q - k diagram
2500

2000

1500

Uw1

Uw2

1000

500

0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

b. Length of queue after the convoy has cleared the road

1 =

5701200
19020

= 3.706

160

180

200

The rate at which platoon is growing: 3 (3.706) = 6.706

1.4
3

= 0.467

Maximum length of queue: 0.467 6.706

= .

c. Time to disperse the platoon queue:

2 =

2000570
45190

= 9.862

Time for platoon queue to dissipate: =

3.132
3.706(9.862)

= .

Problem 4: (#4 p. 104)

While taking measurements using the moving observer method, a test vehicle covered
a 1.5 km section in a 1.5 minutes going against traffic and 2.5 minutes going with traffic.
Given that the traffic flow was 800 vehicles/hour and the test vehicle passed 10 more
vehicles than passed it when going with the traffic, find:
a. The number of vehicles encountered by the test vehicle while moving against the
traffic,
b. The speed of the traffic being measured, and
c. The density of the traffic stream
Solution:
a).
= 800 /
=

800 / =

2.5 + 1.5

= .

b).
=

1 = +

1 = 2.5 +
=

10
= 3.25
13.333

1.5
60
3.25

= . /

c).
=

800
27.69

= . /

Problem 5: (#5 p. 104-105)

A survey using moving observer method was conducted to obtain information on
volume, speed, and density. Five observations were made at different times of the day
and the results of the survey for a particular direction of flow are as follows:

Survey
No.

1
2
3
4
5
Total:
Ave:

Number of
vehicles met
by the test
car when
travelling
against the
stream, (M)
378
228
67
485
201
1359
271.8

Number of
vehicles
passed by the
test car when
travelling with
the stream (P)

Number of
vehicles
overtaking the
test car when
travelling with
the stream (O)

29
18
27
70
30
174
34.8

5
14
30
57
21
127
25.4

Travel time travel time of

of test car
test car
when
when
travelling
travelling
with the
against the
stream (tw)
stream (ta)
4.9
3.0
2.5
8.5
2.5
21.4
4.28

6.0
2.5
2.0
9.2
3.4
23.1
4.62

Solution:
a). number of vehicles n,
=+
= 271.8 34.8 + 25.4
= .

b). Flow rate q,

=

+
=

271.8 34.8 + 25.4

=

4.28 + 4.62

= . / . /

c). Average travel time with the stream,

1 = +

1 = 4.28 +

34.8 25.4
29.48

= . .

d). Average travel time against the stream,

2 = +

2 = 4.62 +

34.8 25.4
29.48

= . .

e). Average speed with the traffic stream, per 1 km.

=

1.0
60
4.60

= . /

f). Average speed against traffic stream, per 1 km.

=
=

1.0
60
4.92

= . /

g). density with the traffic stream k,

=

1768.99
13.04

= . /

h). density against the traffic stream k,

=

1768.99
12.15

= . /

Problem 6: (#6 p. 170)

For the given intersection, arrange the lanes (i.e., allocate lane for through and left) of
each approach and design appropriate phasing so that the degree of congestion does
not exceed 0.90.

Solution:
Use yellow = 3 sec.
All red = 2 sec.
Starting loss = 2 sec.

Phase 1
E
W
Phase 2
E
W

Approach
Through + left
Through + left
Approach
Through + left
Through + left

Volume
1470
1450
Volume
1280
1690

For Phase 1: Critical Y-Value is: 0.432

For Phase 1: Critical Y-Value is: 0.463
Y Value = 0.432 + 0.463 = 0.895

SFR
3400
3400
SFR
3650
3650

Y-Value
0.432
0.426
Y-Value
0.351
0.463

For two-phase signal, the lost time is:

L = (2 x starting loss) + (2 x all red)
L = (2 x 2) + (2 x 2) = 8 seconds

a). Optimum Cycle Length:

=

1.5 + 5 (1.58) + 5
=
= 161.905
1
1 0.895

b). Draw Timing Diagram:

Green time:
= = 165 8 = 157
@ Phase 1:
1 =

1
0.432
=
157 = 75.781 76

0.895

@ Phase 2:
2 =

2
0.463
=
157 = 81.219 82

0.895

Actual Green + Yellow = Eff. Green + Starting loss

Since yellow = 3 sec.; starting loss = 2 sec.
Actual Green = Eff. Green - 1
@ Phase 1: Actual Green, G1 = 76 1 = 75 seconds
@ Phase 2: Actual Green, G2 = 82 1 = 81 seconds

c). Average Delay:

@ N Approach:
Y- Value = 0.351
Eff. Green = 82
Eff Red = r = c g = 157 76 = 81
= =

=
2 (1)

812

= . /
2157 (10.351)

Problem 8: (#3 p. 261)

Traffic flow at the rate of 1200 veh/hr and density of 20 veh/km joined the tail of a 400 m
long Santacruzan procession moving at a pace of 3 kph. since it was impossible to pass
a platoon density of 190 veh/km was formed. the head of the procession was expected
to exit the road after moving 1 km. (Capacity of the road= 2000 veh/hr at density = 45
veh/km: jam density at 200 veh/km)
a. Draw approximately the q-k diagram to show the computation of shock wave.
b. Estimate the length of the queue after the santacruzan procession has cleared the
road.
c. Estimate how long it takes to disperse the platoon queue.

Solution:
a. q-k diagram
q
2000

uw2

1200
1000

uw1

k
20

45

190

200

b. Length of queue after the convoy has cleared the road

Shockwaves
1 =

10001200
19020

= .

2 =

20001000
45190

= .

The rate at which platoon is growing: 3-(-1.17)= 4.17 kph

Duration of 1 km trip(note the Santacruzan procession has length of 0.4 km, thus
end of queue clears after covering 1.4 km)=1.4/3 = 0.467 hr
maximum length of queue: 0.467 x 4.17 = 1.946 km

c. time to disperse the platoon queue

2 =

20001000
45190

= 6.897
1.9446

Time for platoon queue to dissipate = 1.17(6.897) = .