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2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
Body Coordination
2.2
Understandi
ng the
Human
Nervous
System
__________
nervous system
__________
nervous system
(
)
Relays information
to and from the skin
and skeletal
muscles.
(
)
Relays information
to the internal
organs.
Functions
Dendro
n
Neurones
Dendrite
1) Neurones are the _____________ of the nervous system.
2) The function of neurones is to _____________________
3) The diagram below shows the __________________ of neurones and the
___________of the parts of neurone.
Axon
Myelin
sheath
Nucleus
Characteristics
Position of
neurones
Position of the
cell bodies
Function
Exercises Practice
Sensory
neurones
Relay
neurones
Motor neurones
1. Label the parts on each of the neurones and state its function.
2.2
Structured Question
1. Diagram 1 shows the human nervous system.
Diagram 1
a) Among the parts labelled P,Q, R and S, which two parts are the components of the
central nervous system? Name them.
i)_____________________________
ii)____________________________
[2 marks]
b) Among the parts labelled P, Q, R and S, which two parts are the components of the
peripheral nervous system ? Name them.
i)_____________________________
ii)____________________________
[2 marks]
1. Raju sits on a chair with one leg crossed over the other leg.
2. Nazri gently taps Raju's knee just below the knee cap with a rubber hammer.
3. Raju's leg jerks forward.
Among the parts labelled P, Q, R and S, which part controls the action described
above?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
2.3
Receptor
Stimulus
Sensory
neurone
Relay
neurone
Motor
neurone
Effector
Receptor
Central
nervous
system
Effector
Response
2.4
Stretch Receptors
1. Stretch receptors function to _______________________ that involve the _________
and ________________________
2. Stretch receptors are ___________________________________________________
3. There are stretch receptors in the _________________________________________
4. The diagram below shows the ____________________________________________
Stretch receptors are also known as
______________________
5. Stretch receptors in the muscles are stimulated when the muscles are ____________
_________________________________
6. Stretch receptors generate ____________________ and transmit the nerve impulses
together with the __________________ (sensory neurones) to the brain or spinal
cord.
7. The brain or spinal cord interprets the _____________and sends the response along
with the ________________ to the correct part of the body for ___________________
___________________________
8. The sense that helps us to be ________________ and ________________________
with the use of stretch receptors is known as _________________
Pathway of Impulses Involving Stretch Receptors
Keeping
our balance
Exercises
Structured Question
1. Diagram 1 shows the reflex arc in an action when a student accidently touches a hot up
of coffee.
Diagram 1
a) How will the student react when he/she touches the hot cup of coffee?
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
b) Which part of the nervous system controls the action of the student as stated in (a)?
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
2.5
Exercises
Structured Question
1. Diagram 1 shows a student throwing a ball.
Diagram 1.1
(a) What is the type of action shown in Diagram 1.1?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 1.2 shows the structure of the human brain.
Diagram 1.2
(i) Which of the parts labelled P, Q and R, controls the students action?
___________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the part stated in (b)(i).
___________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) The path taken by the impulse when the student throws the ball is shown below.
[2 marks]
2.6
__________ is the control response of the body to a stimulus from the body and the
external environment. _____________________________ in the body is controlled by the
_____________________________
Endocrine System
1. The endocrine system consists of the
________________________ i.e.
___________________________
which ________________________
directly into the bloodstream.
THYROID GLAND
(Thyroxine, contains Iodine)
PANCREAS
TESTIS (testosterone)
EFFECT OF
Growth hormone
(pituitary)
OVER SECRETION
_______________(child)
UNDER SECRETION
_____________
__________(adult)
Thyroxine
(thyroid)
Insulin (pancreas)
Oestrogen (ovary)
Progesterone
(ovary)
Testosterone
(testis)
_________________________
-__________physical and
mental (children)
-_______________
-______________ (adult)
2.7
2. The endocrine system consists of the endocrine glands, i.e. glands without ducts which
secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
3. Look at the chart below which shows the similarities and differences between the
nervous system and the endocrine system.
Coordination between the Nervous System and the Endocrine System in Emergency
Situations
1. Coordination between the nervous system and the endocrine system is important in
preventing danger.
2. The diagram below shows how the two systems work together.
2.8
________are chemicals that can alter the functions of the body. Some drugs are used as
____________ and are usually ____________by doctors to ____________. __________
is the use of drugs for purposes other than medical.
Effects of Drug Abuse on Body Coordination
1. Drug abuse has _______________ on __________________ and the
______________
2. The table below shows the main groups of drugs and their effects.
Groups of
drugs
Stimulants
Depressants
(opiates)
Hallucinogens
Examples