AutoPIPE Fund - V8i - TRN012310-10002 - Quest - Central - Europe, - Spol - Sro - 19-Mar-2013 PDF

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Company: Quest Central Europe, spol.sro
Class Date: 19-Mar-2013
Bentley AutoPIPE Fundamentals
V8i Edition
Bentley Institute Student Course Guide
TRN012310-1/0002
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AutoPIPE User
3/12/2009
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. i
Course Overview ................................................................................................................. 1
COURSE DESCRIPTION...........................................................................................................1
TARGET AUDIENCE .................................................................................................................1
PREREQUISITES ......................................................................................................................1
OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................................1
MODULES INCLUDED ..............................................................................................................2
SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................3
Getting to Know AutoPIPE................................................................................................... 5

OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................5
PREREQUISITES ......................................................................................................................5
OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................................5
FEATURE SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................6

PROPERTIES AND COMPONENT LIBRARIES ...............................................................6
HANGER DESIGN .............................................................................................................6
STRUCTURAL MODELING IN AUTOPIPE .......................................................................6
NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OPTIONS .................................................................................7
LOCAL STRESS CALCULATIONS ..................................................................................7
FINITE ELEMENT THEORY ..............................................................................................7
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................7
POST PROCESSING .........................................................................................................8
PIPING CODE COMPLIANCE ...........................................................................................8
CAD INTERFACES ............................................................................................................9
ADVANCED CAPABILITIES FOR VARIED PIPING ENVIRONMENTS ...........................9
NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE V8I (V9.1)..............................................................................9
ANALYSIS .........................................................................................................................9
COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................................9
GRAPHICAL INTERFACE ...............................................................................................10
IMPORT/EXPORT ............................................................................................................10
INTEROPERABILITY .......................................................................................................10
LIBRARIES ......................................................................................................................10
MODELING ......................................................................................................................10
PIPING CODES................................................................................................................11
POST PROCESSING .......................................................................................................11
REPORTS ........................................................................................................................11
SECURITY .......................................................................................................................11
AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS VS. AUTOPIPE NUCLEAR..............................................12
FILE MANAGEMENT...............................................................................................................14
Mar-09
i
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems Incorporated
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
OVERVIEW OF PIPING ANALYSIS USING AUTOPIPE ........................................................14

ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS ....................................................................................................15
BENDS AND ELBOWS ...........................................................................................................15
TEE ELEMENTS ......................................................................................................................16
SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................................16
AutoPIPE Basic Concepts ................................................................................................. 17

OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................................17
PREREQUISITES ....................................................................................................................17
OBJECTIVES ...........................................................................................................................17
AUTOPIPE INTERFACE..........................................................................................................18
AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS ......................................................................................22
RULES FOR DEFINING SEGMENTS .....................................................................................24
MODIFICATION OF PIPING GEOMETRY ..............................................................................27
MODULE REVIEW ...................................................................................................................31
QUESTIONS ....................................................................................................................31
ANSWERS .......................................................................................................................32
SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................................32
Expansion Loop & Frame Supports ................................................................................... 33

OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................................33
PREREQUISITES ....................................................................................................................33
OBJECTIVES ...........................................................................................................................33
FEATURE MODEL DEFINITION .............................................................................................34
ADDING AN EXPANSION LOOP ............................................................................................54
FINAL STRESS CHECK ..........................................................................................................68
ADDING A FRAME SUPPORT................................................................................................75
DISCUSSION ON STATIC ANALYSIS SETS .........................................................................88
ANALYZING ALL ANALYSIS SETS SIMULTANEOUSLY .............................................90
MODULE REVIEW ...................................................................................................................91
QUESTIONS ....................................................................................................................91
ANSWERS .......................................................................................................................92
SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................................92
Hanger Design & Equipment ............................................................................................. 93

OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................................93
PREREQUISITES ....................................................................................................................93
OBJECTIVES ...........................................................................................................................93
BUILD PUMP SUCTION PIPING .............................................................................................94
HANGER SELECTION PROCEDURE ..........................................................................113
ADD PUMP DISCHARGE LINE.............................................................................................115
STUDENT EXERCISE: COPY/PASTE AND EDIT/ROTATE OPERATIONS .......................131
MODULE REVIEW .................................................................................................................133
Table of Contents
ii
Mar-09
Table of Contents
QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................133
ANSWERS .....................................................................................................................134
SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................134
Earthquake, Wind, and Nonlinear Analysis...................................................................... 135

OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................135
PREREQUISITES ..................................................................................................................135
OBJECTIVES .........................................................................................................................135
MODEL DEFINITION .............................................................................................................136
STARTING A NEW MODEL ..................................................................................................139
OCCASIONAL LOAD DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................159
STRESS AND ANALYSIS RESULTS ...................................................................................166
MODULE REVIEW .................................................................................................................173

QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................173
ANSWERS .....................................................................................................................174
SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................174
Nozzle Flexibility, Cut Short, & Trunnion Supports .......................................................... 175

OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................175
PREREQUISITES ..................................................................................................................175
OBJECTIVES .........................................................................................................................175
BUILD PIPING MODEL .........................................................................................................180
ADD NOZZLE FLEXIBILITY ELEMENT................................................................................199

ADD CUT SHORT OR COLD SPRING .................................................................................204
STRESS RESULTS AND RESTRAINTS REPORT ...............................................................208
MODULE REVIEW .................................................................................................................213
QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................213
ANSWERS .....................................................................................................................214
SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................214
Test Problem ................................................................................................................... 215

OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................215
PREREQUISITES ..................................................................................................................215
OBJECTIVES .........................................................................................................................215
PIPING LOADS ..............................................................................................................216
PIPING GEOMETRY ......................................................................................................216
SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................218
Course Summary............................................................................................................. 219

REVIEW .................................................................................................................................219
QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................219
ANSWERS .....................................................................................................................224
Mar-09
iii
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
iv
Mar-09
Course Overview
Course Description
This course is intended for new and existing users. Our goal is to train students to begin using
Bentley AutoPIPE successfully on a project. A user experienced with previous versions of
Bentley AutoPIPE software will learn the concepts introduced with the new product as
quickly as possible.
The intent of this course is to teach students how to model and solve stress analysis problems
using AutoPIPE. It is not the intent of this course to teach piping codes or stress analysis, but
the student will acquire more knowledge about stress analysis by going through this course.
There are several piping code specific classes offered by ASME.
Target Audience
New and existing users of AutoPIPE applications. Students should have a

fundamental knowledge of piping components, piping codes and stress analysis.
Students should also have a background in mechanical, structural or plant
engineering.
Prerequisites
Three to six months experience with 3D CAD modeling

Piping and associated equipment background
Piping codes and stress analysis
Experience in mechanical, structural or plant engineering
Learn about AutoPIPE capabilities, and new enhancements to the current version.
Learn about the supported piping codes and the difference between the different
editions of the program.
Learn how to create piping segments, add bends, tees and length units.
Learn how to use the keyboard commands.
Learn how to do some basic model building for a simple model with anchors,
supports, and expansion loops.
Objectives
Mar-09
1
Project Setup
Learn how to define pumps and produce pump reports.

Learn how to use the copy, paste and rotate operations.
Learn how to use wind, earthquake and nonlinear analysis, and also show nozzle
thermal movement and support lift-off.
Learn how to model nozzle flexibility, cut short and trunnion supports.
Learn how to model flexible joints, short radius elbows and elbows with larger pipe
thickness.
Learn how to review a model that does not satisfy the given piping code, identify the
causes of overstress and add supports or loops to fix the problem.
Modules Included
Getting to Know AutoPIPE
AutoPIPE Basic Concepts
Expansion Loop & Frame Supports
Hanger Design & Equipment
Earthquake, Wind, and Nonlinear Analysis
Nozzle Flexibility, Cut Short, and Trunnion Supports
Test Problem
Course Overview
2
Mar-09
Systems Requirements
Bentley requires a personal computer for each student in order to realize the maximum
benefit of the training courses. Maximum class size is 8 students. The following are system
requirements for optimal software performance.
You must have a CD drive or Internet access for product download and installation. The
following prerequisites are required for each of the modules included within the application:
Processor:
Intel Pentium-based PC 486 or higher
Operating System:
Microsoft Windows 2000 SP4 or later OR
Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP2 or later OR
Microsoft Windows Vista Business or higher

Internet:
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or greater
Memory:
128MB (More memory results in better performance)
Hard Disk:
174MB minimum free hard disk space
Input Device:
Industry-standard input device supported by Windows
Output Device:
Industry-standard output device supported by Windows
Video Graphics Card:
Industry-standard video card/monitor
PDF Reader:
Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 or greater
Before you install any software, you should confirm that you have adequate hardware and
software capabilities to install and use the product.
Mar-09
3
Course Overview
Course Overview
4
Mar-09

Overview
Developed to meet the needs of companies involved in industrial piping system design,
AutoPIPE utilizes Windows-standard commands, object oriented graphics technology, and
CAD interfaces to enable users to create, modify, and review piping and structural models
and their results quickly and easily.
A graphical representation of the model is displayed as it is being developed, providing
instant visual feedback. AutoPIPE performs extensive error checking as the data is being
entered and alerts the user if the model does not comply with the regulatory standards of
piping design.
Using AutoPIPEs object oriented graphical select options, users can insert, delete, or modify
pipe properties, supports, or offsets across an entire range of points with one command.
Graphical selection of ranges is also used for cut, copy, & paste operations.
Prerequisites

Learn about AutoPIPE capabilities, and new enhancements to the current version
Learn about supported piping codes and the difference between the different editions
of the program.
Objectives
Mar-09
Feature Summary
Feature Summary
The following is a partial list of the features and capabilities of AutoPIPE. Refer to the online help for a complete reference of features and functionality.
Properties and Component Libraries

AutoPIPE contains a comprehensive and extensible library of material properties and piping
& structural components including pipes, reducers, tees, valves, flanges, beams, flexible
connectors and other items. Supports include: anchors, spring and constant force hangers,
one-way restraints, limit stops, guides, snubbers and tie-rods.
The material library includes temperature dependent properties and code dependent
allowables. AutoPIPE provides component libraries for ASME/ANSI, JIS, DIN, and Nordic
standards.
Hanger Design
AutoPIPE performs spring hanger design for one or more operating conditions. The program
selects hangers from a customizable manufacturer's library, which includes: Grinnell, BergenPatterson, Lisega, NPS, and others.
Structural Modeling in AutoPIPE

AutoPIPE provides built-in structural analysis with frame elements to enable users to
consider the mass and flexibility of structural supports as part of their piping analysis.
AutoPIPE provides structural modeling options for user specified beta angles to orient beam
local cross-section axes with global axes, rigid end lengths to account for the connectivity of
end points to other members in the structural system, and end releases to model pinned
connections. AutoPIPEs unique two point support elements allow the user to define the
connection between pipe and structural steel using gaps and friction at the same point if
required.
17 countries of structural steel libraries are available with cross sectional properties including
AISC, DIN, Euro, Chinese, etc. Also available are American Aluminum sections. A
database of properties of commonly used structural steel materials and generic stainless steel,
aluminum, and concrete can be assigned to any section. Users can easily define their own
frame elements and steel materials to model frame elements not included in the AutoPIPEs
database or add to the existing section libraries.
Frame structures are created and modified in interactive mode using AutoPIPEs graphical
interface. In this manner, users can graphically copy, paste, or modify structures with one
operation using AutoPIPEs graphical select options or by clicking on a particular frame
element.
6
Mar-09
Feature Summary
Non-Linear Analysis Options
AutoPIPE provides directional supports, gaps, friction, bilinear spring supports and nonlinear
buried pipeline analysis. Users can specify both gaps and friction at a support point to
simulate real world boundary conditions. AutoPIPE provides 2-point restraint functionality to
define tie rods with gaps, pipe/structure interaction, and other connectivity between any 2
points in the system.
AutoPIPE provides unique capabilities for nonlinear load sequencing. Users can, for
example, specify that wind, seismic, or other occasional loads are analyzed in sequence
immediately after the gravity load or specify that the occasional loads are analyzed after
thermal. In this manner, users can accurately calculate loads and stresses for occasional loads
acting on the operating position of the piping or the ambient position of the piping. Load
sequencing options also allow the user to calculate gravity and thermal loads using nonlinear
analysis and seismic loads using linear analysis (as recommended by UBC and other design
standards) in the same run.
Local Stress Calculations

AutoPIPE provides a link to WinNOZL for calculations of local shell stresses per British
Standard 5500, Welding Research Council bulletin 107, 297, and 368, using stress allowables
and load combinations as specified by ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1 and 2. Various piping load
combinations on tanks can be examined in accordance with the API 650 code.
Further, AutoPIPE provides unique options for hillside nozzles and reinforcing pad
calculations. These are available for cylinders, spheres, cones, semi-ellipses, and torispheres.
The automatic importing of AutoPIPE piping loads saves time and minimizes user errors.
Finite Element Theory

AutoPIPE is a finite element program used to analyze piping and structural systems subjected
to static and dynamic loads. Use of intelligent defaults allows the user to analyze complex
systems without in-depth knowledge of finite element theory.
Dynamic Analysis
Dynamic analysis capabilities include mode shapes and natural frequencies, response spectra,
phased harmonic load analysis, time history dynamic analysis and force spectra analysis. For
modal analysis, AutoPIPE can automatically insert mass points along elements. Missing mass
and zero period acceleration may be applied in dynamic analysis. AutoPIPE satisfies
NUREG/CR-1677 benchmark problems and provides built-in NRC spectra, seismic anchor
movements, and code case N411 capability.
AutoPIPE provides built-in fluid transient synthesizers for calculation of water hammer,
steam hammer, and relief valve forces, which are integrated with time history dynamic
analysis. Utilizing the Bentley PULS program, users can calculate flow induced vibrations, or
pulsations associated with reciprocating equipment, and automatically transfer those
harmonic loads directly into AutoPIPE to calculate dynamic piping responses.
Mar-09
7
Feature Summary
Post Processing
After analyzing a system, users can click on the graphics model to instantly view stresses,
loads, deflections, or mode shapes at any point. Color coded stresses, animated vibrations,
and pop-up windows enable the engineer to more quickly identify and investigate critical
areas without having to review a voluminous amount of batch output data.
Output report options allow users to pick and choose which reports to generate, with or
without filters, for on-screen review or printing. Code stress combinations are performed
automatically. Unique filter options allow the user to generate custom output reports based on
user-defined stress, deflection, or load criteria. AutoPIPE enables users to analyze multiple
thermal, wind, seismic, wave, and dynamic loads all in one analysis with Min/Max load
summaries.
Using AutoPIPEs graphical select options, users can graphically select points to be included
in the output report. As an example, a user could generate an output report for only 2 points
in a 1,000 point model.
Piping Code Compliance

AutoPIPE checks and generates code compliance reports for the following piping codes:
ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8
ASME Section III Class 1, 2 & 3
European EN13480
Canadian CAN/CSA Z662
B31.4 Offshore
B31.8 Offshore
CSA-Z662 Offshore
British Standards BS 806 and BS 7159 (GRP Piping Code)
Swedish Piping Code (SPC), Method 2
Norwegian Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and TBK 5-6
Dutch Stoomwezen D1101
JSME S NC1-PPC, Class 2 piping
Japanese MITI 501, Class 3 piping, Japanese General Fire Protection code and Japanese
KHK
French RCC-M and SNCT
8
Mar-09
New Features in AutoPIPE V8i (v9.1)
CAD Interfaces
AutoPIPE can import CAD piping models from Bentley AutoPLANT, Bentley PlantSpace
and Intergraph PDS plant design systems.
Advanced Capabilities for Varied Piping Environments

AutoPIPE provides unique capabilities for underground and subsea pipeline analysis,
dynamic loading, nonlinear restraints, and orthotropic piping analysis. Following is a
summary of advanced AutoPIPE capabilities:
Built-in wave loading, buried pipeline analysis, pipe/structure interaction, calculation of local
stresses, time history dynamic analysis, fluid transient synthesizers, gaps & friction, relief
valve load calculator, FRP/GRP pipe analysis, jacketed piping, thermal transient analysis, 27
piping codes.

The following is a list of new features and updates in Bentley AutoPIPE V8i (v9.1):
Analysis
AutoPIPE can export models back into AutoPLANT or export models in DXF format into
AutoCAD or MicroStation. Import and export of piping models between CAD and AutoPIPE
can save man-hours in the creation and checking of piping and structural models and prevent
errors associated with manual entry of piping models.
Add an option to set rigid anchor/support stiffness values
Decouple pressure stiffening in modal analysis from one in static analysis
Add absolute sum method for modal summation of missing mass modes
Perform multiple analyses using Analysis Sets with different hot moduli
Add thermal transient analysis (TTA) for ASME Class 1
Allow Ec/Eh ratio for expansion stresses to include all piping codes
Add Analyze All option to run user selected analyses
Delete Analysis results
Communication
Mar-09
Add RSS news feed screen
9
Graphical Interface
Consolidate code and non-code combinations into one Grid interface
Import/export
Add option to import PCF files (SmartPlant)
Update Caesar translator to read / write v5.1 format
Interoperability
Save as version 9.0 DAT files from version 9.1
Add Vista Compatibility (Works with Vista)
Libraries
Update Yamashita hanger data in EQUIP.LIB file with Lisega hanger data
Add Chinese GD material and pipe libraries
Add API5L materials to ASME B31.1 material library
Add low alloy material 1.4901 to European material library
Add B366, B619, B622 & B464 materials to ASME B31.3 material library
Modeling
Ability to combine segments and reverse segment direction
Ability to split a segment into 2 segments
Allow inserting and editing of line numbers
Add an option to renumber segments
Add reference node note to Rotating equipment dialog
Add Fillet welded and Double-welded slip-on joint end types
Add actuator with COG weight to Valve
Increase number of thermal and User load cases
Add Pulled option to bend type
Add Bolt weight to Flange dialog
Generate multiple xtra data
10
Mar-09
Enter spring figure and size on the spring hanger support dialog
Coincident node check
Hide operating cases on the Pressure / Temperature input grid
Piping codes
Issue a warning for high D/T ratio for certain codes
Add ASME III Class 1 Nuclear piping code
Add JSME S NC1-PPC 2005 piping code (Japanese Nuclear Class 2)
Update ASME B31.4-2002 piping code to 2006 edition
Update ASME B31.3 piping code to 2006 edition
Update ASME B31.1 to 2007 addenda edition
Support multiple code years
Post Processing
Option to display continuous string dimensioning including supports
Add batch processing switch to export the results MDB file
1992 + 93 Addenda NB NC ND
Improvements to Stressiso edition 1.0 (Show line number, JSIF and Tee data, save to
DGN)
Reports
Allow more than 80 columns for printed reports
Print the occasional k-factor in the output report
Add support Tag to spring hanger report
Add interpolation method and damping ratio to output report
Security
Mar-09
Add nuclear license for ASME III Class 1 piping code
11
AutoPIPE vs. AutoPIPE Plus vs. AutoPIPE Nuclear
The following is a list of features available in AutoPIPE, AutoPIPE Plus, and AutoPIPE
Nuclear.
Feature
AutoPIPE
AutoPIPE Plus
AutoPIPE Nuclear
Hanger
Static Linear
Static Nonlinear
Modal
Response Spectrum
(SRSS combination method only)
Harmonic
Force Spectrum
Time History
SAM
Buried Pipe
NUREG combinations and

Code Case 411 Spectrum
Static correction Missing mass correction and ZPA
10 Response Spectrum load cases
Static earthquake
Wind ASCE, UBC and User Profile
Thermal Bowing
Wave loading and buoyancy
Fluid Transient Loads
Relief Valve Loads
Thermal Transient Analysis
12
Mar-09
Fatigue Analysis (Class 1)
ASME B31.1 (multiple years)
ASME B31.3, B31.4, and B31.8
European EN13480
B31.4 Offshore, B31.8 Offshore & CSA_Z662

Offshore codes
ASME III Class 2 and Class 3 (multiple years)
ASME III Class 1 (multiple years)

JSME S NC1-PPC
Canadian piping codes
International piping codes
Japanese KHK Level 2 piping code
Note 1
LoadSets for multiple static analyses
General piping code
Rotating Equipment reports
Large model size
Beam elements for modeling frames and supports
Material and Component Library utilities
STAAD Structural Libraries (17 countries)
Note: A KHK2 add-on option is required to access this feature.
Mar-09
13
File Management
File Management
AutoPIPE program directory
AutoPIPE program
Configuration files (.CNF)
AutoPIPE libraries (.LIB)
Default unit files (.UNT)
Mapping files (.MAP)
Supplementary files
Users working directory
Model Data file (.DAT)

Thermal Transient Data file (.TTI, .TTP, .TTC, .TPP, .GDL)
Backup data files (.BAK)
Result files (.EIG, .FSP, .HRM, .LIN, .RSP, .SAM, .TIM, .L**, .FLX, .MDB)
Reports (.OUT, .CHK, .HGR, .RPT)
Combination files (.CMB, .C**)
Temporary files created during analysis
User configuration files (.CNF)
User defined libraries (.LIB)
User defined unit files (.UNT)
Stress Summary file (.XML)
StressISO file (.DXF, .DWG, .DGN, .MDB)
Thermal Transient Output files (.TSM, .TDL, .TTO)
Overview of Piping Analysis Using AutoPIPE

Start from a drawing Either on paper or a CAD file drawing
Get applicable piping code and standards

Piping specification sheets
Modeling
Planning
Piping layout - define geometry
Specify material properties - Expansion, allowable stress and elasticity
Supports and anchors
Termination points - Equipment (Vessel, Pumps, etc.)
14
Mar-09
Analysis Assumptions
The above 4 steps can be substituted by importing the CAD drawing from
AutoPLANT, PlantSPACE, Intergraph PDS, Aveva or CADWorx
Operating conditions - pressure and temperature
Nozzle movements
Produce listing - recommend review by another person. Wrong model will generate
incorrect results
Analysis
Expansion
Deadweight
Hanger selection
Wind, Snow
Seismic (static and dynamic)
Upset conditions (equipment failure, valve closure, relief valve blow-off)
Thermal Bowing
Thermal Transient Analysis
Analysis Assumptions
The following are basic analysis assumptions
AutoPIPE uses the Finite Element Analysis to solve for nodal displacements and
reactions to applied loads.
AutoPIPE uses the 3D beam element for most components except for flexible joints and
bends. It also uses center line dimensions
Elastic response is assumed. No yielding of pipe/beam material.
Supports are nonlinear and may act one way or both ways and can have friction.
Small deformation theory is assumed. (1st order only)
Longitudinal bending deformations are assumed. AutoPIPE models local stress like
bending of pipe wall and stress concentration at tees and bends using piping code
approved stress intensification (SIF) and flexibility factors.
Bends and Elbows
Mar-09
Elbows tend to become more flexible with increased in plane bending due to ovaling.
Imagine bending a water hose. As the hose is bent, the hose section ovals (i.e becomes
elliptical) and as it ovals it becomes easier to bend due to the decrease in section modulus
of the hose. The hose eventually buckles
Ovaling also changes stress distribution and maximum stress
15
Tee Elements
Internal pressure also stiffens the elbow. For example a pressurized water hose is harder
to bend. For steel pipes, this effect is only significant for large pipe diameters.
Flexibility factors and Stress Intensification Factors (SIFs) are used to capture effects due
to ovaling
ASME codes require different flexibility factor for elbows flanged at one and both ends
Flanges also affect SIF factors at the elbow
AutoPIPE uses curved pipe element to model a bend
Miters are modeled as bends with modified flexibility factors and SIFs
Special bend components can be modeled as bends with user specified flexibility factor
and SIFs
Tee Elements
Tee component is modeled as single point connecting three pipes
End points of a tee component are not modeled and the change in thickness/diameter is
ignored
Tees type information is only used to determine SIF at the branch connection per piping
code.
SIFs are used to capture local stresses at the branch-header junction and their affect on
strength due to cyclic thermal loading.
Some codes (B31.3) do not provide any guidelines for use of SIFs at tees for sustained
loading and occasional loading
SIFs for tees are empirical based on fatigue test a series of simple full size tees. SIFs for
other types of tees (reduced) are derived from this study.
Piping codes do not specify SIFs for connections like laterals, Y's and crosses. User must
specify SIFs for code compliance.
Reducing tees have similar characteristics to a vessel with a nozzle. Piping codes often
have a special method for calculating stresses at the reduced tee branch.
Summary
You are now able to:
Discuss AutoPIPE capabilities, and new enhancements to the current version

Discuss the supported piping codes and the difference between the different editions
of the program.
16
Mar-09
Overview
This module introduces you to the AutoPIPE interface and the concept of piping segments. It
will also show some basic tools in modifying the piping system.
Prerequisites

Learn how to create piping segments, add bends, tees and length units.
Learn how to use the keyboard commands.
Objectives
Mar-09
17
AutoPIPE Interface
AutoPIPE Interface
Loading an Existing Model
1. Select File > Open > AutoPIPE Database (*.dat). A dialog like the one shown below is
displayed.
To load an existing model
2. Navigate to the directory where the file is stored. Select the desired filename from the
Files list, and then press Open. The previously saved model and its data are now available
for editing or report generation.
The AutoPIPE interface is designed to simplify the task of creating, modifying, and
reviewing models of any complexity.
18
Mar-09
AutoPIPE Interface
Screen Layout
Take some time to familiarize yourself with AutoPIPEs interface by examining the areas of
the screen annotated below.
Dialogs
Dialogs present and request information.
Mar-09
Press OK to accept the values in a dialog
Some fields have an associated list of options from which the user can select. For
example, there is a limited set of piping codes, and the user can always select the
appropriate code from a list when the cursor is in the Piping Code field. This list is
contained inside the dialog itself, and is opened by pressing on the adjacent to that
field.
The units that apply to a particular field are displayed in the status bar in the bottom right
hand corner of the screen.
To advance from field to field in a dialog, press the Tab key. Pressing Ok on the dialog is
the equivalent of pressing Enter. You can also advance the cursor by simply using the
mouse to select the desired location.
Options which are toggled ON are indicated by a . Positioning the cursor in that field
and then pressing the left mouse button toggles the ON/OFF state.
Press F1 key on any dialog field to obtain help on a particular field or parameter. To
obtain big picture dialog help, press the Help button.
19
AutoPIPE Interface
Keyboard Equivalents
As you begin creating a model, youll soon become familiar with AutoPIPEs use of dialogs
to gather information from the user. Although the mouse can be used to navigate through the
fields of a dialog, many users prefer the keyboard alternatives. Refer to the table below.
Task
Keyboard
Advance to next field

Return to previous field
Accept values and close dialog
Units Format
As you move from field to field in a dialog, the units that apply to that field are listed in the
status bar in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. To accommodate the varied needs
of our users, AutoPIPE allows special characters to be used to decipher the field format and
convert these to decimal equivalents. The types of input which are allowed when inputting
English units are illustrated in the table below:
Cancel values and close dialog
Decimal Feet
Feet-Inches
2.2708
23.25
23.25
231/4
2-3-1/4
1.0417
1.5
1.5
101/2
1-0.5
1-0-1/2
0.0625
0.75
0.75
003/4
0-0.75
0-0-3/4
20
Mar-09
AutoPIPE Interface
Decimal Feet
Feet-Inches
1.0833
11
11
13
013
1-1
1-1-0
Note: Only the coordinates in Offset fields (i.e., Length,DX/DY/DZ) use architectural units. You can have
AutoPIPE display ft-in units by setting Use feet-inches display format in Tools > Model Options > Edit
Menu Structure
All AutoPIPE commands can be accessed from the menu system. For a detailed description
of the capabilities and functionality of a specific command, refer to the AutoPIPE On-line
Help Menu Reference. The top menu that is displayed above the drawing area depends on the
current mode of the program:
The standard menu is displayed when building or editing a model
AutoPIPE can be placed in a Worksheet Mode, which displays a models data in

spreadsheet format.
Note that each of these menus has a toolbar associated with it.
Toolbars
AutoPIPE has three types of toolbars: command, view and components. Command toolbars
are always docked directly beneath the main menu, and cannot be moved from this location.
The component and view toolbar, on the other hand, can be moved from its position along the
right and left side of the screen respectively and positioned as a floating toolbar in the
modeling area of the screen. To reposition it, simply drag the title bar of the toolbar into the
screen area. The toolbar will resize.
Hint: If you forget the use of a particular button, position your cursor over it and wait a second
or two. A ToolTip description is displayed beneath the button.
Hotkeys
A number of AutoPIPE commands can be accessed directly from the keyboard using hotkeys.
In AutoPIPE hotkeys are executed by holding down the control key and then pressing a letter
key. Additionally, AutoPIPE also uses the function keys for some operations. Note that these
hotkeys are displayed in the AutoPIPE pull-down menus next to the item it executes.
Mar-09
21
AutoPIPE Modeling Concepts
Experienced users of AutoPIPE have come to appreciate the speed and efficiency with which
detailed, data-rich models can be created, modified, and reviewed. If you are a novice user, it
is important to understand some basic concepts of the program.
Models are created from individual pipe segments
Components are attached to the active point (cursor location)
The piping system geometry and properties can be modified
Understanding Pipe Segments

Each piping system is divided into a number of segments. As an example, the sample model
shown on the facing page contains five segments labeled A through E. Piping models are
entered into the program, segment by segment. They may be extended or modified at any
time by either adding more segments or changing existing ones. The segments are labeled
automatically (A through E in the example). If more than twenty-six segments are entered,
the additional ones are labeled AA, AB, AC and so on.
Although most of the piping segment definition is handled automatically with AutoPIPE, in
some circumstances it is advantageous to plan the model in advance and divide it into logical
segments before creating the system (see Rules for defining Pipe Segments). Typically, a
segment would begin and end at anchor points or a branch connection. However, as shown in
Figure 2-1 on the following page, at point D02, a pipeline may be divided into two or more
contiguous segments. Whenever a tee/branch is inserted, AutoPIPE automatically assigns a
new segment identifier. Each new segment begins with a different alpha character, making it
easier for node numbering and easier to keep track of segments when reviewing input listings
or output results.
When defining a new system, AutoPIPE automatically displays the first Segment dialog (the
first segment is segment A). In this dialog, the user must specify starting X, Y, Z coordinates
of the Segment and input a Pipe identifier name. A Pipe identifier is used to assign properties.
The Pipe identifier can be any name that the user wishes to use. It is a good idea to choose a
meaningful name such as the first few letters of a line ID or something like 8std (indicating
8 nominal diameter, standard schedule wall thickness) to help you keep track of pipe
properties when reviewing the model.
These properties will be applied to all components attached to that pipe identifier until
otherwise specified by inputting a new pipe identifier name in one of the component dialogs.
After inputting a new Pipe identifier name, the Pipe properties dialog will automatically be
displayed for input. For example, if you define a Pipe identifier as a 4-inch line, then all
following components will default to those same properties until the user types in a new Pipe
identifier name on a component dialog. A segment can be made up of multiple pipe
identifiers.
Existing Pipe properties can be easily modified using either Modify > Properties of Pipe Identifier
(which modifies that Pipe Identifier throughout the entire model, wherever it was used) or by
graphical selection of a range of points and Modify > Pipe Properties Over Range.
Note: AutoPIPE makes extensive use of dialogs to obtain user input. A discussion of techniques for navigating
throughout the fields of a dialog is provided later in this chapter.
22
Mar-09
Mar-09
23
Rules for Defining Segments

A number of rules govern the definition of piping segments; they are listed as follows:
Each segment has a forward and backward direction and is entered as a sequence of
points. AutoPIPE automatically keeps track of the local axis of the segment, making it
convenient to insert intermediate points or components using the Length field. These
points are automatically assigned alphanumeric names (which the user can override),
with a maximum of four characters each. For example, in Figure 4-1, segment B is
defined by points A03, B01, B02, B03, B04, and B05, all of which have default names.
The default increment in point names is 1. This increment can be changed under Tools >
Model Options > Edit. AutoPIPE can automatically renumber point names after editing
using the Renumber button or Edit > Renumber.
Wind loads and Hydrotest can be turned on and off on a segment by segment basis, so
keep that in mind when creating your model. Also, AutoPIPE provides options to view
the model, graphically select, delete, or view output results on a segment by segment
basis.
Global coordinates must be entered for the first point of the first segment (default global
coordinates of Segment A is (0, 0, 0). AutoPIPE automatically displays the first segment
dialog for the user. This is point A00 in the example. Then, each point along the segment
is typically located by offsets from the preceding point, until the whole segment has been
defined (e.g. points A00 to A06 for segment A).
Subsequent segments typically begin at points which have been defined previously (point
A03 in segment B is an example). These points are either branch points or continuation
points (see #6 below). Since these points have already been defined, entering coordinate
data for them is not necessary.
Although Subsequent segments typically begin or end at an existing point, this is not
necessary for the program to function correctly. It is often more convenient to start a
disconnected segment in space using Insert > Segment or clicking on the Segment button,
typing in the name of the first point (in this case, make sure that the name of the first
point on the segment is not the name of a previously defined point), and assigning the
starting X, Y, Z coordinates of that new Segment. For example, it may be more
convenient to define suction and discharge sections as disconnected segments without
having to model the equipment (see Pump Modeling Example in AutoPIPE on-line help).
Also, the ability to handle disconnected segments is a big advantage when importing
sections from a CAD model.
A continuation point is established when a new segment is defined to begin at the end
point of an existing segment (see point D02 in the Figure 4-1). This is typically done to
divide a long length of pipe into shorter segments or to turn on and off wind loads or
hydrotest on a segment by segment basis.
A tee branch connection point is any point which joins two or more pipe segments, and
requires a multiple pipe connection (see points A03, and B05 in the Figure 4-1) such as a
tee or cross. A continuation point can be made into a branch point using Modify > Convert
Point to > Tee.
Cut and paste automatically creates a new segment.
24
Mar-09
AutoPIPE now offers enhanced controls for viewing segments. You can now hide
selected segments in the current view, or choose to hide all other segments and only view
the selected segments. In very complicated models with numerous elements, sometimes
it may be difficult to view or select components within a segment that need to be
modified. These features greatly improve the ability to make the necessary modifications
by allowing the segment to be isolated in the view.
AutoPIPE now offers improved segment management controls. Segments can now be
split, joined, reversed, and re-ordered. Suppose that you wish to begin a new segment at
a point midway between two existing points. This may represent the location where the
piping system exits a building. Using the split option to create a new segment at that
point allows selective application of loads such as a wind load, which may only act on a
portion of the piping.
It is possible to have many segments in a model with no apparent logic to the direction of
their point numbering. For example, this may be the case if a model is imported from a
CAD program, such as AutoPLANT or PlantSpace. In this instance, the model may have
been created in a manner that suited typical CAD drafting conventions, with no
consideration given to logical flow of the piping segments. For these cases, the
numbering of points within a segment can be reversed. In addition to being able to
reverse the direction of segments, AutoPIPE allows re-ordering of segments. Again,
suppose some segments within a model are arranged in an illogical manner. Simply
selecting Edit > Segment > Reorder provides the chance to order the segments in a more
logical manner.
When defining a segment, proceed from point to point along the segment. Check that
everything at the current point has been specified before moving on to the next point.
Graphical Tee Element

In previous versions of AutoPIPE, users would have to insert a new segment at an existing
run point in order to insert a tee branch connection. With the new Tee element, this procedure
is no longer required (although users can still input a tee branch by inserting a segment at a
run point if desired).
The Tee element automates the insertion of tees and includes the offset distance from the
previous point. For example, if a user wishes to insert a tee point on a header 5 feet away
from his current point (active point), he clicks on the Tee button or Insert > Tee and inputs an
offset of 5 feet as well as the tee type information for stress intensification purposes. The Tee
element will automatically assign a new segment once the user begins to input the branch.
AutoPIPE will keep this point a tee for stress intensification, even if the user does not create a
branch. In some cases, users may choose not to input small diameter vent or drain pipe
branches, but still want the stress intensification factor at the tee connection point. AutoPIPE
displays a graphical symbol at Tee points enabling users to visually review tee locations.
Users can also click on Tee arrows to easily switch between the header and branch side of the
tee.
Users can convert an existing run point to a Tee using Modify > Convert point to > Tee
command.
Mar-09
25
Understanding the Active Point
After defining and inserting a segment, youll notice that a small crosshair appears in the
drawing area. This crosshair represents the currently active point. The active point is also
displayed in the status area immediately below the drawing area.
When placing components, you should remain aware of the active point. After selecting a
component type for insertion, AutoPIPE will automatically assume that you want the starting
point of the component to be inserted at the active point. By default, AutoPIPE will increment
the point to the next value and concatenate this with the letter that defines the current
segment. For example, if you are inserting a run point on Segment A that contains nothing
but an anchor point, the Run Point dialog will contain the value A01 in the Name of Point field.
To designate an existing point as the active point, simply click on it with the mouse. The
crosshairs should redisplay over that point and the Active Point status area should reflect the
new point as well. In a complex model, you can click on the Go To Point button and type in
your desired active point name. You can also use the arrow keys to control the location of the
active point as described below.
It is important to note that a given point may have two or more different segments. For
example, in Figure 4-1, point A03 is a tee connection point, and is made up of point A03
segment A and point A03 segment B. The active point name and segment location is
displayed in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. In order to toggle between multiple
segments on the same Point location, it is usually more convenient to use the up and down
arrow keys (see following section on keyboard commands).
Controlling the Active Point with the Keyboard

As an alternative to the mouse, the Active Point crosshairs can be controlled using the
keyboard.
Key
Task
Move to the next point in the current segment (forward segment

direction).
Move to the previous point in the current segment (backward
segment direction).
When at a segment junction, move to the next segment that
connects to the current point (more than 2 segments are
possible).
When at a segment junction, move to the previous segment that
connects to the current point (more than 2 segments are
possible).
Move to the first point of the next segment.
26
Mar-09
Key
Task
Move to the last point of the previous segment.
Move to the previous intermediate soil point for the current soil
region.
Modification of Piping Geometry

It is not necessary for a piping system to be defined completely in a single AutoPIPE session,
because AutoPIPE allows a wide variety of additions, deletions, and changes to be made. In
particular:
Move to the next intermediate soil point for the current soil
region.
New segments can be added at any time.
Previously defined segments can be extended at any time.
Existing segments can be modified, or can be deleted and replaced.
A complete system, or sections of a system, can be copied within the same job or
between separate jobs with automatic renumbering.
Components can be inserted, deleted, or modified at any time.

Warning: As noted in the following sections, changes in data can lead to a variety of
inconsistencies. AutoPIPE will detect most inconsistencies, and will display warning or
error messages. However, AutoPIPE may not detect all of the possible inconsistencies.
Users must take care in making changes, and must review the changes carefully, to
insure that the modified geometry and properties are correct.
Basic Tasks
This section lists simple techniques for accomplishing the following:
Mar-09
Executing a command
Selecting a component
Inserting a component
Modifying a component
Deleting a component
Selecting a range of components (creating a selection set)
27
Executing a Command
Commands can be executed in one of three ways:
Click on one of the buttons in a toolbar.

Select a command from the menu system
Key-in the command. The hotkey for each command is underlined in the menu
system. As an example, to insert a bend, simply type I to go into insert mode, then B.
The key-in command option requires memorization of certain hotkeys, but is an
extremely efficient method of input.
Selecting Points and Components
Click on it with the mouse. By clicking on the outer edge of a component, the
component turns red to indicate that it is selected. If it is a two-point component such
as a valve or flexible joint, the red indicates that the beginning point and end point of
a two-point component have been selected.
Graphically select a range of points (see following Selecting a Range of Points
section)
Inserting a Point or Component
Position the cursor on the desired point by clicking on it, and then click on one of the
component buttons from the toolbar. To insert an intermediate run point, or multiple run
points, click on the Pipe Run button.
Position the cursor on the insertion point, and then select the desired component from the
Insert menu.
Users can graphically select a range to insert across ranges of points with one command (see
Selecting a Range)
Place the cursor on the desired point, then use the keyboard equivalent menu commands to
key-in the insertion
Position the cursor over the desired button, press and hold the left mouse button, then drag
the button off the toolbar and drop it onto the desired point by releasing the mouse
button. This is known as the drag and drop technique.
Modifying Points or Components

Use one of the techniques below to modify points or components.
Using the mouse, double click on the graphical representation of the component to
open its associated dialog. Double click on a point to modify point offsets.
Position the cursor on one of the points, or select a range of points, then right-click
the component to be modified from the toolbar.
Click on one of the points associated with the component, then select the component
name from the Modify menu.
Users can graphically select a range to modify across a range of points with one
command (see Selecting a Range)
Display the Input grids then select the appropriate grid tab and modify the value in
the cell(s). Double clicking a row in the Input grids will display the Modify dialog.
28
Mar-09
Note: Ctrl+Enter, Copy/Paste or Copy Down can be used to change values over
multiple cells.
Deleting Points or Components

Use one of the techniques below to delete existing points or components:
Select the unwanted component with the mouse then press the Delete key on the
keyboard.
Select the unwanted component then press the Delete button on the command toolbar.
Position the cursor on one of the points, or select a range of points, then hold down
the [Shift] and right-click the component to be deleted from the toolbar.
Graphically select a range, and then select the corresponding component name from
the Delete menu to delete across an entire range of points with one command (see
Selecting a Range).
Select the unwanted component then select the Edit > Delete menu command.
Select it with the mouse or position the active point at that location, then select the
corresponding component name from the Delete menu.
Select the appropriate row in the Input Grids and Press the Delete key on the
keyboard.
Note: Multiple rows can be deleted at a time.
Selecting a Range (Creating a Selection Set)
Selection of ranges is a powerful tool within AutoPIPE that users should become familiar
with. By graphically selecting ranges of points, users can insert, modify, or delete
components, properties, loads, and other data across ranges of points with one command or
graphically select points to be included in the output reports. Also, selection of ranges is
required in order to graphically cut, copy, or paste.
There are several methods available to graphically select ranges of points. By using buttons
or the Select menu or Input Grids, users can select by a number of different criteria such as by
segment, point names, component type, pipe diameter and other parameters. In addition, users
can create a mouse zoom box Window and click on the Select all points in Window button to
select a range. Another common method used to select a range is to click on the first point in
the range, press and hold the [Shift] key, then click on the last point in the range. The selection
set will highlight in red. This is the same technique used to select ranges in Word, Excel, and
other popular Windows programs.
To create a selection set that includes components that are not part of a contiguous run, use
the [Ctrl] key as follows: To add more components to this set, or delete points from this set
press and hold the [Ctrl] key and select additional elements. The [Ctrl] selection method allows
you to select a set of components that are not continuous. Alternatively, Select > Point enables
buttons that can add or subtract from the selection set on a point by point basis.
The Select > Range command, another method of creating a selection set, allows the user to
input From and To points inside a dialog.
In any Input Grid tab, select a group of rows or cells (same column) using [Ctrl] or [Shift] keys
will highlight the selected points in red on the graphic. Note: The point symbol and names
will be highlighted when selecting from the Points or Pres/Temp/PipeID tabs. These two tabs
Mar-09
29
enable selection of all points in the model. The Pres/Temp/PipeID tab also provides a range
selection up to and including the bend near or far points. All other grid tabs will highlight the
component symbol and the thermal anchor movements tab will highlight the anchor symbol
on the graphic.
30
Mar-09
Module Review
Module Review
Now that you have completed this module, lets review what you have learned.
Questions
Answer the following questions to ensure proper understanding of the material discussed.
Detailed answers appear on the following page.
1. How many toolbars are available in AutoPIPE?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 5
d. 1
e. None
2. Once the pipe properties are entered and accepted they cannot be modified.
True
False
3. A given point may only have one segment associated with it.
True
False
4. A number of AutoPIPE commands can be accessed directly from the keyboard using
hotkeys.
True
False
5. Which of the following are valid ways to select a range of points in AutoPIPE?
a. Using the input grids
b. The Select menu option
c. Create a mouse zoom box Window and click on the Select all points in Window button
d. Click on the first point in the range, press and hold the [Shift] key, then click on the
last point in the range
e. All of the above
Mar-09
31
Summary
Answers
1. b.: AutoPIPE has three types of toolbars: command, view and components. Command
toolbars are always docked directly beneath the main menu, and cannot be moved from
this location. The component and view toolbar, on the other hand, can be moved from its
position along the right and left side of the screen respectively and positioned as a
floating toolbar in the modeling area of the screen. To reposition it, simply drag the
title bar of the toolbar into the screen area. The toolbar will resize.
2. False: Existing Pipe properties can be easily modified using either Modify > Properties of
Pipe Identifier (which modifies that Pipe Identifier throughout the entire model, wherever it
was used) or by graphical selection of a range of points and Modify > Pipe Properties Over
Range.
3. False: A given point may have two or more different segments associated with it. For
displayed in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. In order to toggle between
multiple segments on the same Point location, it is usually more convenient to use the up
and down arrow keys (see the section on controlling the active point with the keyboard).
4. True: A number of AutoPIPE commands can be accessed directly from the keyboard
using hotkeys. In AutoPIPE hotkeys are executed by holding down the control key and
then pressing a letter key. Note that these hotkeys are displayed in the AutoPIPE pulldown menus next to the item it executes. Additionally, AutoPIPE also uses the function
keys for some operations. The function key for each command is underlined in the menu
system. As an example, to insert a bend, simply type I to go into insert mode, then B. The
key-in command option requires memorization of certain hotkeys, but is an extremely
efficient method of input.
5. e.: There are several methods available to graphically select ranges of points. By using
buttons or the Select menu or Input Grids, users can select by a number of different
criteria such as by segment, point names, component type, pipe diameter and other
parameters. In addition, users can create a mouse zoom box Window and click on the
Select all points in Window button to select a range. Another common method used to select
a range is to click on the first point in the range, press and hold the [Shift] key, then click
on the last point in the range. The selection set will highlight in red. This is the same
technique used to select ranges in Word, Excel, and other popular Windows programs.
Summary
Create piping segments, add bends, tees and length units.

Use the keyboard commands.
32
Mar-09
Expansion Loop & Frame

Supports
Overview
In this module you will build a simple stress model. The model will be analyzed and will be
found to be overstressed. You will find the cause of overstress and add an expansion loop to
alleviate the problem. During this exercise you will learn the essential tools for performing
piping stress analysis.
Prerequisites

Learn how to do some basic model building for a simple one pipeline model with
anchors and supports. Add a thermal expansion loop and simple frame support.
Objectives
Mar-09
33
Feature Model Definition
In this section you will learn the basics of building a new AutoPIPE model. You will be
taught the basic dialogs and commands needed to start a new system. The model will consist
of pipes, bends, anchors, vertical supports and guide supports. You will learn how to add
piping points and supports, insert pipe spans, and insert supports at multiple points. You will
consider both dead weight (Gravity) and thermal loads. You will be using ASME B31.3
piping code for Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping throughout this training.
The model you will build is shown below:
34
Mar-09
Exercise 1: Starting a New Model

1. From the Windows Start menu, select AutoPIPE V8i or select the icon from the Bentley
AutoPIPE program group.
2. The AutoPIPE application opens. The starting screen is shown below.
3. Select File > New to open the New dialog shown below.
4. Enter the file name sample1a in the File name field and press Save. This will trigger four
initial dialogs for each new model. These dialogs are the General Model Options for
entering the piping code, units used and installation temperature, the Segment dialog for
defining the global coordinates of the starting point, the Pipe Properties dialog for
defining the first pipe cross section and that will be followed by the Operating Pressure
& Temperature dialog for defining the design pressure and temperature. Follow the
instructions carefully as these steps cannot be undone except by re-starting the model
again.
Mar-09
35
5. In the General Model Options dialog, select ASME B31.3 Process from the Piping Code
drop-down list. Enter the remaining values as shown below and then press OK.
Note: You can set the number of operating thermal/pressure cases and the temperature at installation (i.e. at the
time when supports and anchors are set).
Note: When using DIN specs, select AUTODIN as a component library instead of AUTOPIPE.
6. The Segment dialog will open. In this dialog you can enter the global coordinates for the
starting point in the model. Type 6 {1800} for the pipe elevation DY above the ground at
A00. (Assuming the ground at the origin with elevation 0). Type 8STD {200STD} in the
Pipe data identifier field at A00, and then press OK.
36
Mar-09
7. The Pipe Properties dialog will open since the pipe name 8STD {200STD} is new to the
system. Select 8.000 {200} from the Nominal diameter drop-down, enter 1 for the
Specific gravity of contents and select A53-B for the Pipe Material as shown in the
following figure. Press OK.
Note: To enter schedules in mm, you need to select AUTODIN as the component library in Tools/Model
Options/General. For large pipe sizes, use NS (Non-Standard) as nominal diameter.
8. Once you accept the Pipe Properties dialog, the Operating Pressure & Temperature
dialog will show up. Type 250 {1.70} in the Pressure field and 700 {370} in the
Temperature as follows. Press OK.
Mar-09
37
9. The point A00 appears in the middle of the view port as shown below.
38
Mar-09
Exercise 2: Adding Piping Points and Supports
1. Now you will start routing the system. You will start with a rigid anchor at A00. Select
Insert > Anchor or click on the icon. Press OK to accept the default rigid anchor
properties.
2. Next you will insert a 20 {6000mm} pipe to A01. Select Insert > Run and type -20 {6000} in the DZ field as shown below. Press OK.
Mar-09
39
4. Next you will add a vertical support V-stop. Select Insert > Support. Select V-stop
from the Support type drop-down as shown below.
3. The model will appear as shown below.
40
Mar-09
5. Set the Gap above the pipe to 0.000. Accept all the other default gap and friction settings
(all zeros) and then press OK. The view will be updated as shown in the following figure:
The support shows restraint below as well as above the pipe. This is true when the gaps
are set to zero. If the gap above the pipe is non zero, AutoPIPE will show a plate symbol
at the gap location. Also if the gap is greater than the pipe diameter the restraint will
disappear. The setting for disappearance of the restraint can be adjusted under View >
Settings > Support Gap Scale.
6. Next you will insert the pipe up to A02. Select Insert > Run to open the Run Point
dialog. Type 10 {3000} in the Length field. You do not need to fill in the offsets as long
as you are not changing the direction of the pipe. When you press the Tab key, you will
notice the offsets are updated correctly as follows. Press OK to accept.
Mar-09
41
8. Next you will add a vertical support V-stop at A02. Select Insert > Support. Select Vstop from the Support type drop-down as shown below.
7. Once you accept the dialog, the program graphics will be updated as follows.
42
Mar-09
9. Accept the default gap and friction settings (all zeros). Press OK. The view will be
updated as follows.
Mar-09
43
Exercise 3: Inserting Multiple Pipe Spans
2. The graphics will be updated when you press OK. Select View > All icon to view the full
model as shown in the following figure.
1. You will now use the Insert > Run command to insert 4 runs of 20 feet {6000mm}.
Select Insert > Run. Use the Shift-Tab key combination to move the cursor back to the
Generate Points field and then type 4. Use the Tab key to move to the Length field and
type 20 {6000}. You can use the Tab key again to display the updated offsets.
44
Mar-09
Exercise 4: Inserting Supports at Multiple Points

To insert supports
1. You will now add two V-stops at A04 and A05. Use Ctrl-Click to select A04 and repeat
to pick A05. Selecting consecutive points also selects the pipe between the points, which
is expected.
Mar-09
45
2. Select Insert > Support, and then select V-stop from the Support type drop-down. Press
OK to insert the supports using the default settings in the Support dialog as shown in the
following figure.
3. You will now add the two guides at A03 and A06. First click on point A03 to clear the
selection or use Select > Clear. This is very important as you do not want to insert guides
at A04 and A05. Then use the Ctrl-Click to select A03 and repeat to select A06. The
point names will be highlighted in red.
4. Select Insert > Support, and then select Guide from the Support type drop-down.
Press OK to place the support using the default gap settings and friction as shown below.
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Mar-09
To insert a Bend
1. Next you will insert the bend at A07.
Note: When inserting bends using the Insert > Bend command or the icon
the bend point should not exist in
the model. If the bend point is already present, use the Modify > Convert Point to > Bend or
in the top
toolbar instead. In either case the bend component is inserted in two or more steps. The following describes
the two available methods to insert the bend.
FIRST METHOD
1. Insert the line leading to the bend point A07 using the
2. Insert the line from the bend point A07 to bend point A08 using
(Note: When A08 is not a bend point, use
to create the end of the bend.)
SECOND METHOD
1. Insert the line leading to bend point A07 using
2. Insert the line following the bend point (A07 to A08) using
3. Click on A07
4. Click on
to convert the kink point at A07 to a bend.
5. Adjust the radius and/or add midpoint by double clicking at the bend point A07.
Although the second method is more intuitive, it actually takes more time. In step 2 of the second method, you
Mar-09
47
would need to zero out the offsets as AutoPIPE assumes you are going in the same direction as the previous
pipe.
Note: You can type over the radius field to set an arbitrary radius, e.g. type 40 {1000} to specify a 5D radius (5x8=40
inches) {5x200=1000}.
3. Next zoom on the bend point by creating a window around the bend point. This can be
done by clicking on one corner and while holding down the left mouse button, drag to
form the window as shown below. Right-click to zoom into the windowed area. You can
also zoom by selecting the View > Box Zoom command.
2. Click on A06 to clear the selection range and select A06 as the insertion point. Select
Insert > Bend to open the Bend Point dialog. Type 5 {1500} in the Length field and press
OK to accept the default long radius (1.5D). Press Help to review the information
pertaining to the bend element.
4. The resulting graphics will show as follows:
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Mar-09
5. You can change from single line view to solid view using View > Solid Model View or
by the icon on the left toolbar.
Mar-09
49
6. Notice the pipe leading to the bend point is shown in a different color to indicate the bend
is not finished. Next you will insert the bend point at A08. Select Insert > Bend to insert
the bend. Type -3 {-900} in the DY field and then press OK.
7. The model is updated to reflect the insertion of line A07 to A08 as shown below. Notice
that the line is shown in a different color to indicate an unfinished bend at point A08.
8. The last point, A09, is a run point. Use Insert > Run or click on the icon to insert the run
point A09. Type 10 {3000} in the DX field and press OK.
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Mar-09
9. The model is updated as shown below:
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51
To insert an anchor
2. Now the model should look as follows.
1. The last step is to insert the rigid anchor at A09. Select Insert > Anchor and then press
OK to accept the default values in the Anchor dialog.
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Mar-09
3. The model geometry has been completed. Select View > All to display the full model.
Mar-09
53
Adding an Expansion Loop
Now that the piping is constructed and supports are placed, you need to perform a stress
check per the piping code B31.3. You will learn how to identify the loading that causes the
overstress. Examination of the deflected shape will help you rectify the problem by adding an
expansion loop. After reviewing the stress results of the new geometry you will learn how to
support the expansion loop.
Exercise 1: Performing the Stress Check

1. Before the stress check can be performed, the system needs to be analyzed to determine
forces, moments and displacements due to the loads prescribed. The loads you have in
this case are due to dead weight and thermal/pressure load. Select Load > Static
Analysis Sets to enable the load cases that will be used for the static analysis.
Note: The new Analysis Sets dialog can be used to define multiple static analyses (analysis sets) and provide
references to these results from separate analyses during post-processing.
2. Select analysis set no. 1 and press Modify button to open the Static Analysis Load Cases
dialog. Notice that the load case Gravity is already checked for analysis. Enable T1 and
disable the Gaps/Friction/Soil option. Press the OK button to accept the static analysis
load cases.
Note: Refer to the end of this chapter for a discussion on Static Analysis Sets.
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Mar-09
Note: The icon can be used to run the analysis, but it will not turn on load cases for you and it will not prompt you to
check in the load cases for analysis.
3. Press the OK button in the Analysis Sets dialog to accept the modified analysis set. Then
select Analyze > Static to start the static analysis. Static analysis will cause assembly of
the stiffness matrix of piping points and bends and will impose gravity and thermal loads
to determine the pipe displacements and reactions. The Static Analysis dialog opens to
show the progress of the static analysis. Press OK when the analysis is done.
Note: Selecting Analyze > Static will analyze all selected static analysis sets, i.e. static analysis sets with the
Analyze option enabled.
4. You are ready to examine the stresses per the code. Select Result > Code Stresses.
5. Press OK in the Code Stresses dialog to get the color coded stress plot shown in the next
figure. Since you selected the default All combination, AutoPIPE will plot a stress
envelope of all load combinations. It will also highlight the maximum stress point and
will show the load combination that caused the highest stress.
Mar-09
55
Notice the program places the cursor at the point of maximum stress A09. Also it displays in
the top left corner of the plot, the name of the load combination Amb to T1 (EXP) that causes
the maximum stress. The stress ratio 3.89 {3.93} is shown in red next to the point name. The
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Mar-09
Stresses dialog shows the actual stress, allowable stress and stress ratio for all three stress
combinations.
6. Now you will see the lower stress points by pressing the back arrow from the VCR
buttons on the top toolbar. The next point will be A07 N+ with a stress ratio of 2.37
{2.38}. Pressing the back arrow again will show the next highest stress point as A08 Fwith a stress ratio of 1.93 {1.92}. At all these points, the combination Amb to T1 is the
cause of the overstress.
7. Now that you know the cause of this overstress, you will plot the deflected shape
corresponding to this stress. Select Result > Displacement from the menu. The Deflected
Shape dialog will be displayed. In order to see the displacement for Amb to T1, select
Thermal 1 for the equivalent non-code load combination. Enable the Animate load case
checkbox as shown below.
8. Once you click OK, the deflected shape for thermal load will be animated.
9. The maximum displacement is clearly at the bend point A07. Click on A07 N to get the
displacement.
Mar-09
57
Note: Bend point A07 is not a real point on the pipe, it is just a geometric node and could lie outside the bend
sometimes. For this reason, no displacements or stresses are defined for A07. In AutoPIPE we refer to A07 as
the bend Tangent Intersection Point, i.e. the point where the two bend tangents intersect. It holds all the
geometric bend data, such as bend radius which in turn defines the near (N) and far (F) and mid (M) points of
the bend.
Notice the maximum displacement is relatively large at 6.26 inches {155.7mm}. Actually
AutoPIPE exaggerates the displacement when plotting deflected shape for clarity.
Notice also that the cause of this stress is that all the thermal expansion in the line A00 to A07
is acting on the piping between A07 and A09. A logical way to reduce thermal stress is to
make the piping more flexible to help accommodate the unavoidable thermal movements.
Some ways of making the piping flexible is to add expansion loops or expansion joints.
Expansion loops are more common, but you need a space to accommodate these loops.
Expansion joints are handy when no room is available for loops, but they tend to be more
expensive and do require more maintenance.
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Mar-09
Exercise 2: Adding an Expansion Loop
It is clear that an expansion loop is a logical choice. The question is where the expansion loop
should be placed. Typically expansion loops are placed at the middle or at equal distances to
accommodate the large thermal displacements. You will insert the expansion loop between
A03 and A04. Although it seems logical to delete the pipe A03 to A04 and start constructing
the loop, this is not a recommended way in AutoPIPE as it will split the piping into two
segments. You will use another approach; we call it the rubber-band procedure. We think of
the pipe A03-A04 as a rubber-band and you will attempt to form the loop by stretching the
rubber-band. The expansion loop is shown below. The steps to construct the
WxLxH=10x20x3 loop is as follows:
1. It is recommended that you start at the upstream point when adding the loop. Click at
A03
2. Insert a run point A10 at 5 {1500} from A03 (just enter a length of 5). Use the command
IR or the Insert > Run to insert the run.
3. Insert a bend point A11 at DY= 3 {900}. Use the command IB or the Insert > Bend to
insert the bend.
4. Insert a bend point A12 at DX= -20 {-6000}
5. Insert a bend point A13 at DZ= -10 {-3000}
6. Insert a bend point A14 at DX= 20 {6000}
7. Insert a bend point A15 at DY= -3 {-900}
8. Convert the starting point A10 to a bend using the icon or use Modify > Convert point
to > bend.
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59
9. Press the Show Pipe Length icon to show pipe length. You can use Tools > Model
Options > Edit and select Use ft-in display format to display dimensions as shown
above. (English Units Only)
Exercise 3: Stress Review

Now that the expansion loop is added let us check the thermal stresses again.
1. Run Analyze > Static and accept default cases.
2. Select Result > Code Stresses and select Amb to T1 load combination as shown below.
3. The resulting stress plot will be shown as follows.
10. The use of keyboard commands allows a faster entry of data points. To see all keyboard
commands, press the I key and notice how the menu commands now have one letter
underlined. This indicates the key to press for the command.
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Mar-09
4. You need to make a full check of all loads, including sustained stress or Gravity and
longitudinal pressure stress. This can easily be done by repeating the code stress check
and selecting the load combination All as follows.
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61
5. The resulting stress plot will show as follows.
Notice the maximum stress ratio is 1.71 {1.65} at node A11 N. The cause of this overstress is
shown as usual on the top left corner GR + MaxP (SUS) or the sustained stress. To visualize
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Mar-09
the problem you will look at the deflected shape for GR case which is the closest non-code
combination to the code combination GR+MaxP.
6. Select Result > Displacement and then select GR load combination as follows.
7. The deflected shape will show as follows.
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63
Exercise 4: Supporting Expansion Loop
1. Click on A11 and press IR on the keyboard to insert a run point for the support. Type 15
{4500} in the Length field and press OK.
The run point is added as shown in the following figure. (English Units Shown)
2. Type IS at the command line and select V-Stop as a support type. Set the Gap above pipe
to 0.
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Mar-09
3. Press OK to place the support as shown in the following figure. (English Units Shown)
4. Now click on A13 and type IR. Type 5 {1500} in the Length field.
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65
5. Press OK to place the run point as shown below. (English Units Shown)
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Mar-09
6. Type IS and insert a V-STOP support at A17.
7. Press OK to place the support as shown below. (English Units Shown).
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67
Final Stress Check
Final Stress Check

Now that the loop appears well supported, you will attempt to perform a stress check and
generate a stress report.
2. Select Result > Code Stresses to display the code stress dialog. Select the All
combination and then press OK.
Exercise 1: Final Stress Check
3. The stress plot is shown as follows. Select View > Show > Point Names to remove node
names from the plot. Select View > Show > Length to remove element length.
1. Select Analyze > Static to perform a static analysis of the existing load cases. Press OK.
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Mar-09
Final Stress Check
The maximum stress ratio is 0.43 {0.43} at point A13 N+. It is caused by the
combination Amb to T1.
Exercise 2: Generating a Stress Report
1. Select Result > Output Report and enable the check box for all sub-reports. Do not
enable the Sort stresses option.
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69
Final Stress Check
2. Press OK to generate the report. Scroll down to the COMPONENT DATA listing for
point A11 as shown. Notice that AutoPIPE lists the SIF and flexibility for the pipe bend
at A11.
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Mar-09
Final Stress Check
3. Now scroll down to the support data listing.
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71
Final Stress Check
4. And the bend data listing.
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Mar-09
Final Stress Check
5. These Model Input listing reports can also be viewed directly using Tools > Model Input
Listing and can be edited using the input grid.
6. Scroll down to the Support Forces report. Note that T1 is not an appropriate case for
supports as it represents the change in support reactions between cold and hot cases. For
supports you typically want the cold reactions given by GR and the hot reactions given by
GRT1. You will learn later how to disable load combinations from the reports.
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73
7. Now scroll down to Code Compliance report. Notice that AutoPIPE defined all the
necessary load cases for the code check. These are the sustained, expansion and hoop
stresses.
Final Stress Check
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Mar-09
Adding a Frame Support
8. Points A11 N+ and A11 F- are inside the bend and will have an SIF typically larger than
1.00. Points A11 N- and A11 F+ are outside the bend and will typical have an SIF of 1.00
and hence a lower stress.
9. Use File > Save As to save a copy of sample1a model

Here you will see how to model a frame support. Frames supports are often not needed for
performing static analysis. However, they are very useful when performing dynamic analysis
as the stiffness and mass of the support could change system resonance frequencies. Frame
elements are often used when trying to match the measured frequency response of the system.
You will learn the difference between pipe and frame elements, and how to simulate support
stiffness and mass by using a frame support.
Exercise 1: How Frame Elements are Different From Pipe Elements

Although pipe elements are modeled using beam elements, frame elements are very different
in many ways.
Mar-09
Frame elements cannot have pressure or temperature data applied
Frame elements cannot have a stress (AISC or LRFD) check performed. You can review
beam displacements and forces but not stresses.
Mass points or intermediate points cannot be inserted to a frame.
Frame element section modulus or inertia vary with direction (Ix and Iy are usually
different). The beta angle of the frame determines its orientation.
75
Frame element design is based on buckling criteria which is not the case for most piping
codes.
Since you cannot add pipes to the mid point of a bend, frame elements can be useful in
modeling dummies, trunnions or base elbow supports. If temperature is important, you
can add a short frame and then connect another pipe. You can also make a tee next to (not
at) the Near or Far point of the bend for adding an elbow support as a branch.
Frame elements do not have a segment assigned.
Exercise 2: Frame Support Description

You will replace the guide at A03 with the frame as shown below. You still need to have the
guide to connect the pipe to the frame. The pipe is assumed resting on the frame support.
Since AutoPIPE uses center line dimensions (as in line mode), the frame node (3) should be
8.31 below the pipe point A03. The distance is the average of the OD of the pipe (8.625)
and the depth of the beam (8).
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Mar-09
Exercise 3: Inserting the First Frame Element

The best way to start building the frame is to start with frame element M1 joining nodes 3 and
4. Since you need the coordinates of node 3 we need the global coordinates of node A03.
1. In order to get A03 coordinates we will use View > Point Properties as follows:
2. Since the point 3 is 0.69 {211MM} below A03, the Y coordinate should be 6 0.69 =
5.31 ft {1800 -211 = 1589MM}.
3. Select Insert > Beam Section Properties.
4. The Beam Section Properties dialog displays.
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77
5. Select Standard from Section type section and STEEL as the Material name.
6. Click Select button to open the Section Profile Database dialog. In this dialog; select W
shape from the American country section, W8X24 from Select Beam field and Single
Section from Type Specification as shown below.
7. Click OK to close the Section Profile Database dialog.
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Mar-09
8. Click OK to close the Beam Section Properties dialog.
9. Select Insert > Frame and type 3 in the From Point I. Tab to the Y field and type 5.31
{1589} in the Y field. Type -50 {-15000} in the Z field. Type 4 in the To Point J. Type 8
{2500} in the DX field. Select W8x24 for Section ID. The Beta angle causes a rotation of
the beam and is not needed here.
10. Press OK to construct the beam. Then zoom in on the beam by creating a window
around the beam. This can be done by clicking on one corner and while holding down
the left mouse button, drag to form the window as shown below. Right-click to zoom
into the windowed area. You can also zoom by selecting the View > Box Zoom
command.
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79
11. The beam is constructed as shown in the following figure.
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Mar-09
Exercise 4: Inserting the Rest of Frame Elements

The first beam is typically the hardest to construct.
1. To construct beam 4-5, click on point 4 and the Select Insert > Frame. Type 5 in the To
Point J. Tab to the DY field and type -8 {-2500}. Press OK and the beam will show as
shown.
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81
2. Now continue in the same manner to place beams 3-2. Click on point A03 and then select
Insert > Frame. Type 3 in the From Point I field. Type 2 in the To Point J field. Tab to
the DX field and enter -8 {-2500}. Press OK and the beam will be placed as shown
below.
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Mar-09
3. Click on point 2 and the Select Insert > Frame. Type 1 in the To Point J. Tab to the DY
field and type -8 {-2500}. Press OK and the beam will show as shown in the following
figure.
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83
Exercise 5: Supporting the Frame

It may seem funny that you need to support the frame, which itself is acting as a support. In
AutoPIPE the frame element is not a support and hence needs to be supported. If you did not
support the frame you will get an unstable system message during the analysis.
1. Click on node 1 and select Insert > Anchor and press OK. Repeat to insert another
anchor at node 5. the plot will be updated as follows:
This frame assembly needs anchors a nodes 1 and 5.
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Mar-09
Exercise 6: Connecting the Pipe to the Frame Assembly

You also need to connect the pipe point A03 to point 3 on the frame otherwise the frame and
the pipe systems are completely independent. This can be done simply by modifying the
current guide support at A03.
1. Double click on the guide you will notice the field Connected to is set to Ground. This
is the default value for all supports, but it is not true here. Specify node 3 as the
Connected to point as shown in the next figure.
2. Press OK. The graphics will be updated and you will notice a slight change in the guide
symbol as shown in the following figure.
3. This completes the model for the frame support.
Mar-09
85
Exercise 7: Another Stress Check

Now that you added the frame support you will check to see if the static analysis results will
be affected. So you will run static analysis and follow with code stress check.
2. Select Analyze > Static.

3. Select Result > Code Stresses to display the Code Stresses dialog and select the default
All combination.
4. The stress plot is shown as follows:
1. Select View > All to display the full model.
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Mar-09
Note: Notice the stresses are almost identical with those obtained without the frame support. The frame support
effect is minimal on static analysis results.
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87
Discussion on Static Analysis Sets
In prior editions of AutoPIPE, a static analysis could only be run on one set of parameters at a
single time. For example, a set of load cases could be selected, such as thermal, wind,
earthquake, etc., and a static analysis run. If results were also required for a different set of
loads, a separate analysis with different load selections had to be run. Results were only
available for the latest analysis. Now, AutoPIPE V8i offers the ability to create multiple
static analysis sets and perform an analysis for all of them simultaneously.
1. Select Loads > Static Analysis Sets from the Main Menu to display the new Analysis
Sets dialog.
2. Select the Create Default Sets button in order to create default analysis sets as shown.
3. Some settings for each analysis set can be selected directly on this dialog. The Analyze
checkboxes are used to include an analysis set in an upcoming static analysis. The
Pressure Stiffness and Hot Modulus load cases can be selected from the corresponding
columns. There are checkboxes available to include Pressure Extension cases and NonLinear analysis, and to Ignore Friction for the seismic and gravity cases.
The Initial State Occasional column allows specification of the loading scenario that is
present on the system when occasional loads, such as wind or seismic, are applied. This
is the Load Sequencing feature of AutoPIPE that is not available in many other
commercial piping analysis programs. For example, you can specify that seismic loads
act on the system when only the gravity load is present; or, you can apply the seismic
load when the operating case, including temperature, is present in the system.
4. Although many items can be controlled in this dialog, other parameters, such as the load
cases to include in an analysis set, must be selected in another manner. To see a more
comprehensive list of available selections for an analysis set, highlight Analysis Set No.
1 in the list and select the Modify button. The Static Analysis Load Cases dialog appears
as shown.
Hint: You can also open the dialog to modify an analysis set by double-clicking the analysis set
in the list.
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Mar-09
5. In addition to specifying the load cases to be included in an analysis set, this dialog
provides options for including Cut-short analysis, Hydrotest, and Thermal bowing in the
analysis. As on the previous dialog, the Hot modulus case, Pressure stiffening and
pressure extension case, and non-linear analysis can be selected from this dialog as well.
For Analysis Set No. 1, the only options selected are to include Gravity loads, with the
pipe contents, and to perform a non-linear analysis at the supports.
6. Click Cancel to return to the Analysis Sets dialog.
7. There are 7 analysis sets included by default for this model. Additional analysis sets can
be manually created using the New button. An essentially unlimited number (actually
999) of analysis sets can be created in this manner.
8. This dialog also contains options to delete selected or all analysis sets, to renumber
analysis sets, and to copy an existing analysis set using the Duplicate button.
9. The Results column indicates if results are available for an analysis set, i.e. an analysis
has been performed that includes that analysis set.
10. Color-coded warning messages appear at times in this dialog regarding the status of the
model. When changes are made to an analysis set, it is colored blue in this dialog until
those changes are saved. If an analysis has been run and an analysis set is later changed,
it is highlighted yellow to indicate that those results are not updated to the current
analysis sets. If an analysis has been run and changes are later made to the model, the
analysis sets are highlighted pink to indicate that the results are not updated to the current
model.
11. Click OK to accept the default analysis sets data and to return to the Main Window.
Mar-09
89
1. Select Analyze > Analyze All from the Main Menu (or the Analyze All icon,
, from
the toolbar).
2. The Analyze All dialog appears, showing all of the analysis types that are available to be
analyzed in this model.
The Select analyses automatically checkbox is enabled indicating that all available
analysis types will be included in the analysis.
3. Disable the Select analyses automatically checkbox. Now, the list of available analysis
types is active allowing control over the types of analyses that will be included.
For this model, the following analyses will be included: Static and Modal.
Accept the default selections by clicking OK.
4. The Static Analysis dialog appears briefly, indicating that a successful analysis has been
performed.
This concludes this exercise.
Analyzing All Analysis Sets Simultaneously
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Mar-09
Module Review
Module Review
Questions
Answer these questions to ensure proper understanding of the material discussed. Detailed
answers appear on the following page.
1. This dialog can be used to enter in the piping code, units used, material library and
installation or ambient temperature.
a. Segment
b. Anchor
c. General Model Options
d. None of the above
e. All of the above
2. Which four property dialogs are required to start a new model?
a. General Model Options, Segment, Pipe Properties, Operating Pressure &
Temperature
b. General Model Options, Support, Run, Pipe Properties
c. General Model Options, Operating Pressure & Temperature, Distributed Load, Pipe
Properties
3. Only one static analysis set can be analyzed at a time.
True
False
4. List a few ways frame elements are different from pipe elements.
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91
Summary
Answers
1. c.: The General Model Options dialog is for defining the basic (control) parameters used
for describing the new piping model. It is also possible to edit a models system
properties by selecting the Tools > Model Options > General command. The current
system values appear in the General Model Options dialog and may be edited, then
applied to all subsequent components placed in the system.
2. a.: These dialogs are the General Model Options for entering the piping code, units used
and installation temperature, the Segment dialog for defining the global coordinates of the
starting point, the Pipe Properties dialog for defining the first pipe cross section and
finally the Operating Pressure & Temperature dialog for defining the design pressure
and temperature. Follow the instructions carefully as these steps cannot be undone except
by re-starting the model again.
3. False: The Load > Analysis Sets command allows the user to define multiple static
analyses (analysis sets) and provide references to these results from separate analyses
during post-processing. Then Analyze > Static will analyze all selected static analysis
sets.
4. The following are differences between frame elements and pipe elements:

Frame elements cannot have a stress (AISC or LRFD) check performed. You can
review beam displacements and forces but not stresses.
Frame element design is based on buckling criteria which is not the case for most
piping codes.
Since you cannot add pipes to the mid-point of a bend, frame elements can be useful
in modeling dummies, trunnions or base elbow supports. If temperature is important,
you can add a short frame and then connect another pipe. You can also make a tee
next to (not at) the Near or Far point of the bend for adding an elbow support as a
branch.
Summary
Do some basic model building for a simple model with anchors, supports, and
expansion loops.
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Mar-09
Overview
In this module you will build a new piping model. This module contains an example system
with an API 610 pump and a spring hanger. It shows how to define the pump and produce the
pump report.
Prerequisites

Learn how to define pumps and produce pump reports.

Learn how to use the copy, paste and rotate operations.
Learn how to perform a spring hanger automated design and produce hanger reports.
Objectives
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93
Build Pump Suction Piping
In this lesson you will define the problem and start a new model. You will set the node
number increments and add anchor and piping points to the model. You will also learn how
to add a tee junction and branching pipe, change a length of pipe, and insert a hanger.
Exercise 1: Problem Definition

The following shows the initial piping model SAMPLE2.
Property
Value
Piping Code
B31.3
Pressure
150 psi1.00 {N/mm2}
Temperature
500 Deg.F {260 Deg C}
Material
A106 Grade B
Corrosion Allowance
0.06 {150mm}
Insulation
2 Wool {50mm}
Contents Spec. Grav.
1.0
Main Pipe
6 STD {150STD}
Branch Pipe
4 STD, Welding Tee {100 STD}
Valve
GATE 150#, WN FLANGES
Hanger
Initially undesigned
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Mar-09
To start the new model
1. Select File > New, and type sample2 in the File Name field and press Save as shown
below.
2. In the General Model Options dialog, select B31.3 Process as the piping code as shown
below and press OK.
Mar-09
95
4. Since the pipe is new, the Pipe Properties dialog will appear to enter the pipe cross
section properties. As you enter the values shown below, notice how the units for the
active field are shown in the lower right corner of the main AutoPIPE window. Select 6
{150} from the Nominal Diameter drop-down, type 0.06 {1.50} in the Corrosion Allow
field, type 2 {50} in the Insulation Thickness field, and select Wool from the Insulation
Material drop-down. Type 1 in the Specific Gravity field and select A106-B from the
Pipe Material drop-down. Press OK to continue.
3. In the Segment dialog, type 6STD {150STD} in the Pipe Data Identifier field as shown
and then press OK.
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Mar-09
5. The Operating Pressure & Temperature dialog will automatically display to enter the
pressure and temperature, which is dependent on the material properties. Type 150 {1.00}
in the Pressure field and 500 {260} in the Temperature field. Press the Tab key and
notice how the material properties are updated based on the material library.
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97
1. Press OK and the model will appear as shown in the following figure:
Exercise 2: Set Default Node Numbering

1. Now you will set the node name increment to 5 so that default names become A00, A05,
A10, etc. Select Tools > Model Options > Edit to display the Edit Model Options dialog.
Type 5 in the Default point name offset field, and then press OK.
2. A confirmation dialog will appear. Press Yes to accept the changes.
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Exercise 3: Add Segment At Piping Points

Here you will add all segment A piping points. You will start by adding the anchor at A00 and
then add piping points and bends along the segment.
1. Select Insert > Anchor. Press OK to accept rigid anchor properties.
2. Select Insert > Run. Type 10 {3000} in the Offset -DX field and then press OK to add a
run point 10 {3000mm} away from A00.
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3. Select View > Solid Model View and the plot will appear as shown below.
4. Now you will insert a bend point at A10. Select Insert > Bend and set the Length field to
5 {1500} as shown.
5. The piping geometry is updated as shown below.
6. Note that line A05-A10 is shown with a light color to indicate that the bend is not
finished. The bend will be drawn when the pipe or bend following it is drawn. Now you
will insert the bend point at A15. Select Insert > Bend. Type -3 {-900} in DY field and
then press OK.
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7. The updated graphics will show the completed bend at A10, but not at A15 as shown.
8. Now you will complete segment A by placing a run point at A20. Select Insert > Run
and type 5 {1500} in the DZ field as shown. Press OK to continue.
9. Select Insert > Anchor to insert a rigid anchor at A20 as shown below.
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101
Exercise 4: Add a Tee Junction and Branching Pipe

In this lesson you will add a reducing tee branch and enter the attached piping with bends,
valves and flanges.
Since point A05 already exists, we will convert it to a tee before starting the branching pipe.
1. Select A05 and select Modify > Convert point to > Tee to modify run point to a tee.
You will notice 3 blue arrows are created next to the tee point. Zoom around the tee
point. To zoom, click and keep the mouse pressed while dragging it to form a box. Now
right-click to perform the zoom. Select the branch arrow to make it active. It will
highlight in red.
To convert a point to a tee
2. After selecting the branch arrow, notice that the segment name in the bottom of the dialog
changes from A to *B* to indicate a new segment B. Now, since you are on segment B,
any runs or bends inserted will belong to this new segment. Select Insert > Run to insert
a bend point. Type 1.5 {450} in the DY field and type 4STD {100STD} in the Pipe
Identifier field to create a reducing tee.
3. Since the Pipe Identifier 4STD {100STD} is new, the Pipe Properties dialog is
displayed. Select 4.000 {100} from the Nominal Diameter dropdown and then press OK.
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4. Select Insert > Bend to display the Bend Point dialog shown below.
5. Type 1.5 {450} in the DY field and press OK.
6. After panning and zooming the window the piping will appear as follows. Notice that the
pipe B05 to B10 is shown in lighter color to indicate an incomplete bend. The bend is
completed when the next run point B15 is inserted.
7. Select Insert > Run to insert a pipe run from B10 to B15. Type -2 {-600} in the DZ field.
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8. Press OK to update the model as shown below.
AutoPIPE does not allow insertion of a component like a valve (reducer, expansion
joint or nozzle) after bend or tee points. In order to insert these components a run
point is necessary. In this case, B15can serve as our starting point for the valve. You
could not have done that at B10.
To insert the valve and flanges

1. Now you will insert the flanged gate valve with 150# rating. Select Insert > Valve.
Select the valve Type GATE-F, and the Pressure rating as 150. Notice the valve length,
weight and surface area factor is retrieved from the AutoPIPE library. If you need to
know what a surface area factor is press F1 while in the surface area factor box to see
help on this box.
2. Press OK to place the valve. To insert the mating flanges for the valve, you must first
select the valve and then insert both flanges at the same time. Select the beginning of the
valve (B15) and while holding down the Shift key click on the end point (B20) of the
valve. You will see the entire valve highlighted in red.
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3. Select Insert > Flange to insert both mating flanges. Select the Flange type
WELDNECK from the drop-down and the Pressure Rating 150 and then press OK.
4. The model is updated as shown below.
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To insert a pipe run
1. Now you will insert a pipe run from the valve to the anchor. First, you need to clear the
selection. This can be done easily by clicking on B20. Select Insert > Run to add the
pipe. To accept the default length, 2.0 {600}, press OK.
2. The model is updated as shown below.
3. Select View > All.
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4. Select Insert > Anchor and then press OK to add a rigid anchor as shown in the
following figure.
5. Select View > Show > Length to display the pipe lengths. (English Units Displayed)
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Exercise 5: Change the Length of Pipe A10 to A15
You will now learn various ways to change a pipe length in AutoPIPE. You will update a
length from 3 {900mm} to 15 {4500mm}. By far the easiest and most logical way is to use
the input grid. But we will also discuss other options.
1. Start the Input Grid if it is not shown already. The Input Grid can only be opened
using the icon shown to the left.
2. Change the length of the A10 to A15 run using one of the following methods:
Locate the row with From point A10. Click in the Length field and type 15 {4500} to
replace the old value of 3 {900}.
Note
Notice that while editing that a pencil icon appears to the left of the row to indicate that the row is
being edited. Also notice that point A15 in the model is highlighted in red.
Press Enter to move out of the Length field and apply the change. You will notice
that the length is updated in the model.
Select the pipe A15 to A20 and use the Edit > Move/Stretch command and type
-12 {-3600} in the DY field.
Double click on end point of run A15 and change the length to 15 {4500} and
make sure to check the option Apply offset to following points.
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Exercise 6: Insert Hanger and Perform Hanger Design

In this lesson you will learn to add a hanger support and perform a hanger design.
1. Now you will insert the undesigned hanger at A10 N (Near or first node on the bend).
Select A10 N and then select Insert > Support. Select Spring from the Support type
drop-down, and notice the Undesigned check box is enabled by default. This will allow
you to perform the hanger design in AutoPIPE.
2. Press OK and the model will be updated as shown below.
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3. Now that the hanger is present, you can design the hanger. In order to perform a proper
design for the hanger, you need to free supports close to the hanger. To set a hanger
release for anchors at A20 and B20 in the Y direction, double-click the edge of the anchor
A20. Enable the Y checkbox in the Release for hanger selection group, and then press
OK.
4. Repeat the same for anchor B25. The release will cause the hanger to carry more gravity
load and hence a larger size hanger will typically be selected. This hanger release is only
applied when Analyze > Hanger Selection is performed. When using Analyze > Static, the
actual anchor stiffness is used.
5. Select Analyze > Hanger Selection. The Hanger dialog will appear as shown below.
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The rigid hanger criterion is used for deciding whether to use a rigid hanger (V-stop)
versus a spring hanger. AutoPIPE will select a rigid hanger if the thermal movement
at the support location is less than 0.100 {2.54mm} inches per the default setting and
this is a reasonable value for design.
The Load variation ratio is the ratio of the difference between hot and cold spring
loads to the hot load value. A 25% variation between cold and hot load is a
reasonable value. You may select a smaller value for some systems. If AutoPIPE
cannot find a hanger that satisfies the load variation, it will select a Constant support
(that has a zero variation between hot and cold loads). The difference between hot
and cold loads is the main reason for selecting a hanger. If a hanger is replaced with a
rigid support, lift-off could occur under operating thermal load. This will cause the
hot load to be zero and the cold load to be large. When the hot load is zero, the
weight of the piping under hot condition will be supported on the adjacent equipment
nozzles causing an overstress at these locations.
After the analysis is done, the program will show a test file of the possible spring
hangers. The first hanger listed is the one assigned by AutoPIPE. You would need to
either manually set the spring rate and cold load or change the load variation ratio to
force selection of another spring.
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6. After you accept the Hanger dialog the hanger report will be shown as follows:
The selected hanger has a spring rate of 520 lb/in {91.1 N/mm} and a cold
preload of 1343.1lb {5880.3 N}. These values will be automatically entered in
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the Hanger dialog. Notice that if the load variation is set to 10%, the second
hanger will be selected. Note also that the hot load (1109.9 lb) {4859.5 N} is the
same for all selected springs and the same applies to thermal movement (0.448
inches) {11.209mm}.
Hanger Selection Procedure
Only gravity (dead weight) and thermal loading is analyzed.
A rigid restraint (V-Stop) replaces hanger for the gravity (GR) load case and anchor
releases are applied. The calculated support reaction is the "hot load" to be carried by
the hanger. The hot load value in this case is 1106.2 lbs {4843.8 N}.
The rigid restraint is removed for thermal load cases (T1-T?) and no anchors are
released. The magnitude of vertical thermal displacement is the free travel distance.
The calculated thermal movement in the vertical direction at A10 N is 0.448 inches
{11.209mm} in this case.
If the supported point moves up under gravity load, a spring is not required.
If the travel distance is less than the specified "rigid hanger displacement criterion", a
rigid restraint is selected.
Using the calculated hot load and travel distance, the cold load is calculated from the
specified spring manufacturer table. If both hot and cold loads are within a spring's
operating range, that spring is selected. Otherwise, the next size in the table is
checked.
Cold Preload = Hot Load + Movement * Spring Rate
"Spring load variation" of the selected spring is checked against the user specified
"permissible load variation".
Load Variation = (Cold Preload Hot Load) / Hot Load
Mar-09
If no spring is found, the process is repeated for multiple springs.
If no spring is found, a constant force hanger is selected.
All possible springs are reported.
A Static analysis must be performed after the Hanger run
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Add Pump Discharge Line
You will build the pump discharge which is disconnected from the pump suction line. You
will start by inserting a new segment and add the piping starting at the discharge 3 nozzle.
You will then insert a 3x4 expander, a check valve and a gate valve as shown. The discharge
pressure is 200 psi. The ANSI A40 pump dimensions are given as well. The pump center as
required by API 610 is along the shaft, midway between the pedestals (or pump supports).
For proper check for pumps, both suction and discharge piping should be included in the
same AutoPIPE model. You will learn how to change the design pressure for a discharge
line, how to generate a pump report, and how to edit the operations.
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Exercise 1: Add a New Disconnected Segment
Name
Description
Name of first point
C00
Offset from which point
B25
DY
12.5 {317.5}
DZ
-4 {-101.6}
Pipe data identifier
3STD {80STD}
1. Select Insert > Segment and fill in the data as in the following table. You will use B25 as
your reference point for coordinates of the disconnected point C00.
2. Press OK.
3. Once you accept the Segment dialog, the Pipe Properties dialog will be displayed to enter
properties of the new identifier 3STD {80STD}. Select 3.000 {80} for Nominal Diameter
drop-down as shown below, and then press OK.
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4. Notice that the cursor is placed at the starting point C00 of the new segment as shown
below.
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To add pipe and an expander
1. The view will be updated as shown in the following figure.
1. Now you will add the pipe, C00-C05, and then insert the 3x4 {80x100} expander. Select
Insert > Run and define the pipe run as shown below. Press OK when done.
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2. Next you will add a 3x4 {80X100} expander. Select Insert > Reducer. Type a Length of
6 {150} and select 4STD {100STD} pipe identifier as shown below.
3. Press OK to update the model as shown below.
If the Operating Pressure & Temperature dialog displays, press OK to accept the default
settings
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To add check and gate valves
1. Select Insert > Valve. Select SCHECK-B from the Type drop-down and 150 from the
Pressure rating drop-down. The length and weight are retrieved from the AutoPIPE.lib
file. Press OK.
2.
Select Insert > Valve to inset a gate valve. Select GATE-B from the Type drop-down
and 150 from the Pressure rating drop-down. Tab and set the Length field to 1.00 {300}.
Press OK to close.
It is common to have check and gate valves in the discharge piping. First, you will insert
the check valve followed with a gate valve. You will assume that these valves are butt
welded.
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3. The model will be updated as shown below.
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121
To add the bend, run and anchor
1. Select Insert > Bend. Press OK to accept the default length of 1.00 ft {300mm} as
shown below.
2. Select Insert > Run to complete the bend and insert the attached pipe to C30. Type 5
{1500} in the DX field. Press OK to close.
3. To insert rigid anchors at C00 and C30, use Ctrl-Click to select C00 and C30. This will
make the node names highlight in red. Select Insert > Anchor to add rigid anchors at
these two points simultaneously.
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Mar-09
This will finalize the input for the discharge piping. In the next section you will enter
the API 610 pump properties and generate a pump report.
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Exercise 2: Change Design Pressure for Discharge Line
1. To select the segment, click on C00 and then use Shift-Click on C30. This will highlight
segment C in red.
2. Select Modify > Operating Pressure & Temperature. Type 200 {1.40} in the Pressure
field to update the discharge pressure and then press OK.
Now you learn how to update the design pressure for the discharge line. The discharge
pressure is 200 psi, so you will select the discharge piping and change the design
pressure.
3. A note will display about updating valve data. Press OK.

4. Select View > Show > Pressure to display the pressure. Press OK to accept the default.
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5. Finally, select View > Show > Reset to clear the pressure display.
Exercise 3: Generate Pump Report
In this section you will add the ANSI 4x3 (A40) pump and you will use API 610 pump report
to check the loads on the suction and discharge nozzles and also at the center of the pump.
The ANSI pump dimensions are given below:
The pump will not appear in the graphic. You can specify the properties but it will not appear
on the dialog like other AutoPIPE components. You will look at cold (GR) and hot (GR+T1)
reactions. First you will define the pump properties and then analyze the model and generate
a pump report.
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Exercise 4: Specify Pump Properties

1. Select Tools > Rotating Equipment and then specify the following data. Type P101 for
Equipment ID and then select Pump from the Type drop-down.
3. Type C00 in the Discharge Point field, and then select Top from the Location drop-down
to indicate the top of the shaft. Keep the default Table 2 factor as 2.00. Specify the Pump
Orientation as Horizontal with its Shaft Axis in the Global Z direction.
4. Since you cannot have a point for the center of the pump, the pump center is defined
relative to the suction nozzle B20. So type B25 in the Reference Point field and specify
DZ as -0.85 feet {-260mm} as shown below. Press OK to close.
2. Type B25 in the Suction Point field, and then select End from the Location drop-down,
since the suction nozzle is at the end of the shaft.
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Exercise 5: Analyze and Show Pump Report
1. Select Load > Analysis Sets. Select analysis set no. 1 and press the Modify button.
2. To analyze the system for static gravity and thermal loads, enable T1 and disable
Gaps/Friction/Soil option, then press OK to accept all other default data as shown
below.
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127
3. Select Tools > Combinations to look at the load cases, code combinations, and non-code
combinations typically used for support or nozzle loads.
4.
Select the Non-Code Comb tab, and then press Reset Defaults Only to display the noncode combinations.
5. Notice that there are three Non-Code load cases GR, T1 and GRT1. GR is the cold
reaction load, GRT1 is the hot reaction load while T1 = (GRT1) GR is the difference
between hot and cold loads. This difference T1, while useful for estimating code
expansion stress range, is meaningless for pump nozzle loads. Therefore, you are going to
disable T1 in the output report. T1 is typically used to show deflections causing the code
combination Amb to T1 stress. Disable T1 as shown in the following figure, and then
press OK.
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6. Select Result > Output Report. Disable the Select/Unselect all reports check box, and
enable the Equipment check box as shown below. Press OK.
7. The output will show the details for the reaction loads and will give * whenever a
certain reaction exceeds API 610 allowable. For the cold reactions GR, the loads appear
below the allowable stress, while for the hot reaction GRT1 it is much higher than the
allowable load. This ratio is 13.10 {13.27} for the My reaction.
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Note
AutoPIPE pump report shows all reaction forces and moments in terms of the local API 610 axes in
which z is the vertical axis and x is the shaft axis. The transformation from global to local axes is
defined at the top of the pump report. For example, the moment Mz actually stands for global Y
moment MY in AutoPIPE since Y is the vertical axis for this model.
Compressor and turbine reports can be generated in the same manner. For these
reports, the center of the equipment is not required and that simplifies the calculations
and limits it to the inlet and exit nozzles.
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Student Exercise: Copy/Paste and Edit/Rotate Operations
Student Exercise: Copy/Paste and Edit/Rotate Operations
In this exercise you will add an intermediate point to start another branch thru a copy/paste
operation. You will then rotate part of the copied piping. The original and final piping are
shown below.
To copy and rotate the model segment

1. Add an intermediate point A25 between A00 and A05. Click on A00 and Use Insert >
Run. Accept the default length of 5 ft {1500mm}.
2. Select the two segments B and C using Select > Segment and click on one point on
segment B and another on segment C and then click on Finish.
3. Use Edit > Copy and specify A05 as the reference point where copied objects are to be
connected.
4. Unselect all points by clicking on A25 and to signify the insertion point for the pasted
object.
5. Use Edit > Paste and select the default to connect to selected points.
6. Select segment E and follow by Edit > Rotate.
7. Select E00 as the center of rotation and specify 180 degree rotation around the vertical Y
axis.
8. You would need to add a new pump P102. For this click on Tools > Rotating
Equipment and select P101. Rename P101 to P102 and modify the suction nozzle, the
discharge nozzle and the reference points.
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Module Review
Module Review
Questions
1. By entering a valve type and pressure rating, the valve length, weight, and surface area
factor are retrieved from the AutoPIPE library.
True
False
2. The input grids are only for reviewing model inputs and cannot be used for editing model
inputs.
True
False
3. Which of the following is incorrect in the Combinations dialog, which has three distinct
tab grids: Load Case, Code Comb. and Non-Code Comb.
a. Load Case grid shows analyzed load cases.
b. User code combinations cannot be created in the Code Comb. tab.

c. Non-code combinations can be unselected for printing specific load combinations for
displacements and reactions.
4. Which of the following dialogs can be used to select/unselect sub-reports to include in the
output report:
a. Flange
b. General Model Options
c. Analysis Sets
e. All of the above
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Summary
Answers
1. True: AutoPIPE facilitates model building by retrieving data for standard piping
components and materials from its libraries. The Tools > Library command allows the
contents of a material and component library file (*.LIB) to be printed, scanned
interactively, or modified.
2. False: The input grids provide a spreadsheet interface to review and edit the model input
data as an alternative to the modify menu functions or the graphic interface. These grids
are dynamic with the graphic and vice versa such that selections and modifications to the
graphic are updated immediately in the relevant grids. Most of the menu/graphic
functions can be performed in the input grids.
3. b.: The Combinations dialog, used to review, modify or print new post processing
combinations defined for the current model, has three distinct tab grids:
Load Cases All the analyzed static and dynamic load cases are displayed for each
analysis set in the grid
Code Comb. Displays the combination set defined for piping code compliance (both
the default combinations and user-defined sets). Any default code combination may be
modified, deleted or reset, and any new user combination created and modified in the
same grid.
Non-Code Comb. Displays the active load case combination set defined for any
purpose other than code compliance (e.g. displacement and support results). Any default
non-code combination may be modified, deleted or reset, and any new user combination
created and modified in the same grid.
4. d.: None of the above. The Batch Report dialog can be used to select/unselect subreports to include in the output report. Enabling each option creates a separate section in
the report.
Summary
Define pumps and produce pump reports.

Use the copy, paste and rotate operations.
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Earthquake, Wind, and

Nonlinear Analysis
Overview
In this module you will learn how to perform nonlinear analysis due to support gaps and
friction. You will also learn how to set up loads for earthquake and wind loads. Application
of Vessel thermal movements will also be addressed.
Prerequisites
Objectives
Learn how to apply nozzle thermal movement, wind, and earthquake loadings then
perform a nonlinear analysis and observe support lift-off.
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Model Definition
Model Definition
This section describes sample3 model characteristics.
Piping Loads
Property
Value
Pressure
125 psi
Temperature
650 Deg.F
Earthquake load
{0.90 N/mm2}
{340 C}
Dy = 0.375 @ A00
{9.5mm}
Dy = 0.500 @ A15
{12.7mm}
E1: X=0.3g, Y=0.2g

E2:Y=-0.2g, Z=0.3g
Wind load
W1: Wind in X direction

W2: Wind in Z direction
Ground Elevation = 10 below A00
{3000mm}
ASCE Wind Profile
Location: California near coastline
Importance Factor = 1
Piping Geometry
Property
Value
Piping Code
B31.3
Material
A53 Grade B
Corrosion
Allowance
0.05
Insulation
2 Calcium Silicate
Contents Spec.
Grav.
0.86
Main Pipe
6 STD
Valve
NS, BW connection,
{1.30mm}
{50mm]
{150mm}
Weight=165lb {75kg}, Surface Area

Factor=4.3

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Model Definition
(Imperial Units)
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137
Model Definition
(SI Units)

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Starting a New Model

In this exercise you will build the model. You will learn how to start a new model, specify
vessel thermal anchor movement, and add the rest of the piping system.
Exercise 1: Start a New Model
1. Select File > New. Type sample3 in the File name field, and then press Save.
2. In the General Options dialog, select B31.3 Process in the Piping Code field as shown in
the following figure and then press OK.
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139
4. Since the pipe is new the Pipe Properties dialog will follow to enter the pipe cross
section properties as shown. Select 6.000 {150} from the Nominal Diameter drop-down,
type 0.05 {1.30mm} in the Corrosion Allow field, 2 {50} in the Insulation Thickness
field, and select Calc from the Insulation Material drop-down. Also type 0.86 in the
Specific Gravity field and select A53-B from the Pipe Material drop-down. Press OK
when done.
3. In the Segment dialog, type 6STD {150STD} in the Pipe data identifier field as shown
and press OK.

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Mar-09
pressure and temperature dependent material properties. Type 125 {0.9} in the Pressure
field and 650 {340} in the Temperature field and press the Tab key and notice how the
material properties are updated based on the material library.
6. Press OK to continue.
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Exercise 2: Vessel Thermal Movement
1. Select Insert > Anchor and type 0.375 {9.5} in the thermal anchor movement DY. The
thermal movement can be estimated by multiplying the thermal expansion coefficient of
the vessel material by the length of the vessel and the change in temperature. For radial
growth of the vessel, the vessel radius is used instead of the vessel length. Press OK to
accept rigid anchor properties
Now you will learn how to add a vessel at A00 with its thermal upward movement.

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Exercise 3: Add Piping Geometry up to the Guide Support

In this exercise you will add all of the piping up to the guide support.
1. Select Insert > Bend and type 2 {600} for the DY offset and press OK. This will cause
AutoPIPE to add a bend point 2 {600mm} away from A00.
2. Select View > Solid Model View and the plot will look as follows. Note that the bend is
not finished and is plotted in a lighter color .The bend will be completed after the
connecting pipe or bend is drawn.
3. Now you will insert another bend point at A02. Select Insert > Bend and type -36 {1000} in the DZ field as shown below. Press OK to close.
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143
4. The piping geometry is updated as shown below.
5. Note how the bend A01 is completed, but the new bend at A02 is not. Now you will insert
the bend point at A03. Select Insert > Bend and type 43 {1300} in DX field as shown
below. Press OK to close.
6. The updated graphics will show the completed bend at A02, but not at A03 as shown in
the following figure.

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Mar-09
7. Now you will insert another bend point at A04. Select Insert > Bend and type -4 {-1200}
in the DY field as shown. Press OK to close.
8. The piping geometry is updated as follows.
9. Next you need to insert the pipe run leading to the guide support. Select Insert > Run
and type -1 {-300} in the DZ field as shown below. Press OK to close.
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145
Exercise 4: Add Guide Supports and Valve

In this section you will add both guides with a friction factor of 0.35 and 1000 inch upward
gap. You will also add the non-standard valve in between.
1. At A05 select Insert > Support. Select Guide from the Support type drop-down. Type
1000 in the Gap up field and 0.35 in the Friction coefficient field as shown below, and
then press OK.
10. The piping geometry is updated as follows.

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2. The piping is updated as shown below:
Notice that the upward support is removed for large gaps greater than the pipe
diameter. This setting can be changed using View > Settings > Support Gap Scale.
3. Now you need to enter the valve, but you need to insert a pipe run up to the start of the
valve. Select Insert > Run and type 2 {600} in the Length field as shown. Press OK to
close.
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147
5. Now you are ready to insert the valve. Select Insert > Valve and select NS for valve
Type from the drop-down, 150 for Pressure rating. Type 1.50 {450} in the Length field,
165 {75} in the Valve Weight field, 4.3 in the Surface area factor field and select Butt
Weld in the Joint End Type field as shown below. Press OK.

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7. Now you will add a pipe run point needed to insert the second guide support. Select
Insert > Run to insert a pipe run and type 2 {600} in the Length field. Press OK to close.
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149
10. The piping is updated as shown below.
9. Select Insert > Support. Select Guide from the Support type drop-down to insert the
second guide support. Since this support is identical to the previous one, press OK to
accept the default settings as shown below.

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Exercise 5: Add the Rest of the Piping

Now that the support is inserted you will continue with the rest of the piping points and
supports.
1. Select Insert > Bend to insert a bend point at A09. Type 1.0 {300} in the Length field as
shown, and then press OK.
3. Insert another bend at A10. Type -4 {-1200} in the DX field. Press OK to close.
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151
5. Select Insert > Bend and type 12 {3600} in the DY field as shown. Press OK to close.

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Mar-09
7. Select Insert > Run to add a run point up to the vertical support point A12. Type -4 {1200} in the DZ field as shown. Press OK to close.
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9. Select Insert > Support. Select V-stop from the Support type drop-down to insert a
vertical support. Type 0 in the Gap above pipe field and 0.3 in the Friction coefficient
field as shown. Press OK to close.

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11. Select Insert > Run to add a run point up to the second vertical support point A13. Type
18 {5500} in the Length field as shown. Press OK to close.
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13. Select Insert > Support. Select V-stop from the Support type drop-down to insert a
vertical support. Type 1.0 {25} in the Gap above pipe field and 0.3 in the Friction
coefficient field as shown. Press OK to close.

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15. Select Insert > Bend and type 4 {1200} in the Length field as shown. Press OK to close.
17. Select Insert > Run to add a run point up to the vessel at A15. Type -1.5 {-450} in the
DY field as shown. Press OK to close.
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19. Select Insert > Anchor and enter the thermal anchor movement DY as 0.5 {12.7} as
shown. Press OK to continue.

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Occasional Load Definitions
This completes the piping geometry. Next you will add Earthquake and Wind loads.

In this lesson you will define the earthquake and wind loads.
Exercise 1: Earthquake Loading Background and Definition

Earthquake loads are typically defined using the UBC (Uniform Building Code) or IBC
(International Building Code). The load intensity will depend on the location or zone factor of
the area, the soil conditions, structural period and the importance factor. The code provides a
procedure to estimate the earthquake loads as a function of the mass of the structure. A
typical equation for building structures is given by:
F = a*W
Where
a = Combination of several factors such as zone, soil, period and importance
W = Weight of building floor where force is applied
Since any ground movement will induce forces of the amplitude (Ground
Acceleration)*Mass, the term a is the equivalent earthquake ground acceleration. Refer to
UBC 1997 sections 1630 and 1632 for more information.
AutoPIPE allows you to enter this equivalent earthquake acceleration using Load > Static
Earthquake command. AutoPIPE units for ground acceleration are gs. If E1 is 0.3g in the xdirection, then AutoPIPE will apply a static load in the x-direction to every mass point in the
system. The magnitude of this x-force is 0.3g*Mass at the point. This is equivalent to
applying 30% of the weight at the node in the horizontal x-direction. Since horizontal
earthquake movement is often accompanied with vertical movement, this vertical movement
is typically less than 2/3 of the horizontal movement.
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To define earthquake loads

In this problem we will assume the design acceleration is a=0.3g and hence we will define 2
earthquake load cases E1 and E2 for both horizontal directions. We will assume a vertical
acceleration of 0.2g (0.3*2/3 = 0.2g) and will apply loads in both horizontal directions.
1. Select Load > Static Earthquake and then type 2 in the Number of earthquake load
cases field. For Case E1 enter X, Y and Z accelerations of 0.3, 0.2 and 0.0. For Case E2
enter 0.0, 0.2 and 0.3 as follows. Press OK to close.
For piping supported on buildings, the earthquake forces are also proportional to the height of
the supporting point, since points above ground are expected to move more than points near
the ground. This effect of changes in equivalent earthquake load with height can be applied
using the Static Point EQ factor or the static member EQ factor. This is typically applied to a
range of points around the supported point.
2. AutoPIPE has three ways of applying earthquake loads. The easiest is the static
earthquake load shown here. The other two methods are Response Spectrum and Time
History analysis. These two other methods require dynamic analysis and resonance
frequency and shape estimation. System frequencies will change during support lift-off.
This frequency change due to support lift-off cannot be captured in AutoPIPE and is a
limitation of the Modal Analysis procedure used in AutoPIPE. For this reason AutoPIPE
will close all gaps and set friction to zero during all dynamic analysis. The advantage of
Static Earthquake Analysis is that support lift-off can be simulated and the analysis
procedure is usually faster and simpler.

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Exercise 2: Wind load definition
Both the UBC (Uniform Building Code) and ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)
provide methods of estimating wind loads on tubular structures. AutoPIPE has both
procedures implemented for easier application of the Wind loads. Wind loads depend on the
terrain (coast, city center) and map location.
Load
Properties
Wind load
W1: Wind in X direction

W2: Wind in Z direction
Ground Elevation = 10 {300mm} below
A00
ASCE Wind Profile

Location: California near coastline
Importance Factor = 1
To define wind loads
1. Start the Wind load by selecting Load > Wind and type 2 in the Number of wind cases.
Type -10 {-3000} as the Ground elevation for wind and accept the other default values
by pressing OK. If you need some information about any parameter, just click on the box
and type F1 for help. The wind shape factor is used only for Profile method since the
shape factor is defined in both the UBC and ASCE methods. ASCE method requires that
the wind application method to be Projected, which means both normal and longitudinal
wind force components are applied.
2. Once you accept this form the Wind Profile dialog will show each of the individual wind
load cases. You will notice W1 case is displayed on the first line. Select ASCE for the
Wind specification type as follows:
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3. Move the cursor into the Basic Wind Speed field, and then press F1 to display the
following help.
4. From this you can clearly see that the basic wind speed is 85 mph {136.8 km/hr} in
California. For other locations in the US you can click on the link for a map of the US.
To find what exposure category to use, again press F1 to display its help information.

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For coastal terrain, Exposure D would be the appropriate one to use.

5. Again you can consult online help for Gust effect factor (G). The value of 0.85 is used in
most cases and is valid for structures with frequencies > 1 Hz. This factor can also be
used to apply wind speed up over hills (Kzt) for piping on an isolated hill.
6. The Force coefficient (Cf) is the equivalent of Wind Shape Factor. Since pipes are
rounded, they attract less wind force than a flat plate of the same projected wind area.
Typically variations of wind shape factor are 0.5 to 1.2. The Automatic option would
produce shape factor of 0.70 in most cases. The analysis summary will show the variation
of the shape factor with height. AutoPIPE does not apply wind load on frames and if
needed these should be applied using the concentrated or distributed load option.
7. Now complete the wind load data. Type 85.00 {136.8} in the Basic wind speed at 33 ft
field, type D in the Exposure category field, type 0.85 in the Gust effect factor field, type
Automatic in the Force coefficient field, type 1.00 in the Importance factor field and
select Global X as the Wind direction as shown in the following figure.
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8. When you press OK, the Wind case W2 will show. Since the two cases are identical
except for wind direction, select ASCE from the drop-down to display the options, and
then select Global Z as the Wind direction as shown and press OK.
9. Now that we defined the wind loads, let us look at the wind load summary. Select Tools
> Model Input Listing and disable all sub-report check boxes, except for Loads
summary as shown below. Press OK.

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10. The resulting file will appear as shown below.
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Stress and Analysis Results
Objectives
Exercise 1: Static Nonlinear Analysis
1. Select Load > Analysis Sets. Select analysis set no. 1 and then press Modify to see all
of the available load cases for analysis.
In this section you will perform the static analysis and review the resulting stress. You will
learn how to analyze non-linear static loads, interpret the stress results, and get support liftoff.
2. Click to check in load cases T1, E1, E2, W1, W2 and Gaps/Friction/Soil as shown
below.

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3. When OK is pressed, the Nonlinear Analysis dialog will display as shown below.
4. The first set of options is for nonlinear iteration control. The Friction scale factor is for
scaling support friction values in the model. The UBC requires that friction be ignored
for earthquake analysis. The Initial case for Occasional loads is defaulted to GR. This
means that Wind and Earthquake loads are applied in the cold condition (at ambient
temperature). In order to apply all occasional loads under the hot condition we could use
OP1 as the initial state. Press OK to accept the default nonlinear options.
5.
Press OK to close the Analysis Sets dialog. Then select Analyze > Static to run the
static analysis.
6. The following message will display during the analysis to indicate support lift-off due to
operating loads. Press OK.
7. At the end of the analysis press OK.
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Exercise 2: Stress Results

At the end of the analysis let us look at the stress results.
1. Use Result > Code Stresses and the following dialog will be displayed.
2. Press OK and the stress results will be shown as below.

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3. Note that the maximum stress ratio is 0.51{0.51} at node A11 N+. The cause of this
overstress is load case Amb to T1as shown on the top left corner of the plot.
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Exercise 3: Support Lift-off
1. Select Result > Grids. Select the Support tab and disable all load cases except GT1.
Scroll the horizontal bar on the bottom to see GlobalDY data column. Notice that the
support A13 with positive Y movement of 0.42 {10.58mm} indicating lift-off. When you
have too many supports, you can double-click on the GlobalDY title to sort supports with
increasing or decreasing support movement. Click on the left of the line with support
point A13 and you will see the support point highlighted in the model.
Since the system has support lift-off. It is important to identify these support points. The
following exercise will show you how to identify such points.

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Note
The reaction load combinations are GE1, GE2 and GW1, and they indicate occasional
loads at ambient temperature. These can be changed to operating temperature GT1E1,
GT1E2, etc. if the analysis is rerun with default initial state for occasional loads as OP1
in the Nonlinear Analysis dialog.
2. Select Result > Output Report to generate an output report. Select Support, Code
Compliance and Analysis Summary as shown.

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Module Review
Module Review
Questions
1. Earthquake loads are defined in AutoPIPE using:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Accelerations
Velocities
Displacements
None of the above
All of the above
2. AutoPIPE uses methods of estimating wind loads on tubular structures described by what
two sources:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
TTA and ASCI

ASME and ANSI
The UBC and ASCE
None of the above
All of the above
3. Which of the following options in the Static Analysis Load Cases dialog needs to be
enabled (checked) to have the program run a non-linear analysis:
a. Gaps/Friction/Soil
b. Contents
c. Analyze
e. All of the above
4. Which of the following methods can be used to sort a column in the results grid:
a. Right-click
b. Click on the left of the row
c. Double-click
e. All of the above
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Summary
Answers
1. a.: Earthquake loads are defined in AutoPIPE using earthquake equivalent accelerations.
AutoPIPE has three ways of applying earthquake loads. The easiest is the static
earthquake load shown in the Occasional Loads section of this module. The other two
methods are Response Spectrum and Time History analysis. These two other methods
require dynamic analysis and resonance frequency and shape estimation.
2. c.: Both the UBC (Uniform Building Code) and ASCE (American Society of Civil
Engineers) provide methods of estimating wind loads on tubular structures. AutoPIPE has
both procedures implemented for easier application of the Wind loads.
3. a.: The Gaps/Friction/Soil option determines the type of analysis to be performed:
If disabled: The analysis will begin immediately after accepting the dialog. A linear
analysis will be performed for each load case. A linear analysis ignores all defined
support gaps and friction coefficients, and assumes a linear soil stiffness response (k2
is ignored). In addition, the initial soil stiffness (k1) is used for the horizontal and
longitudinal directions, whereas the average of the up and down initial stiffnesses is
used for the vertical direction.
If enabled: A nonlinear analysis will be performed and a Nonlinear Analysis dialog

will immediately follow this one. The non-linearities induced by defined support
gaps, friction effects at a support bearing spring once a gap closes, and soil yield
effects are all considered.
4. c.: Double-clicking the title of any column will sort the results.
Summary
Use wind, earthquake and nonlinear analysis, and also show nozzle thermal
movement and support lift-off.

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Nozzle Flexibility, Cut Short, &

Trunnion Supports
Overview
In this module you will learn how to model nozzle flexibility, flexible anchors, and flexible
joints and how to add trunnion supports. You will also learn how to add a bend with a thicker
pipe than the adjacent pipe and how to construct a 45-deg bend and short radius bends.
Prerequisites

Learn how to model nozzle flexibility, cut short and trunnion or dummy supports.
Learn how to model flexible or expansion joints, short radius elbows and elbows with
larger pipe thickness.
Objectives
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Nozzle Flexibility, Cut Short, & Trunnion Supports
Model definition
Model definition
In this section we will present sample4 model characteristics. The system geometry and
piping loads will be specified as shown below.
Piping Loads
Property
Value
Pressure
150 psi {1.00 N/mm2}
Temperature
300 Deg.F {150 C}
Cut short or Cold spring
0.5 {10mm} between hanger and 45-deg bend
Piping Geometry
Property
Value
Piping Code
B31.3
Material
CS
Cold allowable Sc = 12000 psi {80 N/mm2}
Hot allowable Sh=12000 psi {80 N/mm2}
Corrosion Allowance
None
Insulation
None
0.85
Main Pipe
8 STD {200 STD}
Flexible Joint
Length = 6
{150}
Axial Stiffness = 1000 lb/in {200 N/mm2}

Y-shear Stiffness = 1250 lb/in {200 N/mm2}
Z-shear Stiffness = 1250 lb/in {200 N/mm2}
Torsional Stiffness = 6000 ft-lb/deg
m/deg}
{8000 N-
Y-bending Stiffness = 3000 ft-lb/deg {4000 Nm/deg}

Z-bending Stiffness = 3000 ft-lb/deg {4000 Nm/deg}
Weight = 20 lb {10kg}
Pressure Area = 50 sq. in {325 cm2}
Nozzle Data
Use WRC 297 flexibility method

Vessel Diameter = 5.0 ft {1500mm}

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Model definition
Vessel Thickness = 0.75 {20mm}
L1 = L2 = 5 ft {1500mm}
Trunnion
Use P4 frame 2 ft {600mm} long at midpoint of

bend
Hanger Data
Cold Load = 1550 lb, K=250 lb/in {7000 N,

K=45N/mm}
Place at bend Near Point
8 Sch 80 pipe {200 sch 80}
Flanges
Assume all 150# Slip-On flanges
Elbow with hanger
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Model definition
(Imperial Units Shown)

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Model definition
(SI Units)
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Build Piping Model
You will start a new system sample4 by selecting File > New from the menu. You will learn
how to add a flexible anchor and a flexible joint. You will learn how to add a trunnion or
base support elbow. You will learn how to add a 45-deg bend, and a short radius bend. You
will also learn how to add a designed hanger support, add bend flanges, and change pipe data
for the elbow.
Exercise 1: Starting a New Model

1. Select File > New. Type sample4 in the File name field, and then press Save.
2. In the General Model Options dialog, select B31.3 Process as the Piping Code as shown
below and press OK.
Build Piping Model

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Build Piping Model
3. In the Segment dialog, type 8STD {200STD} in the Pipe data identifier field as shown and
press OK.
4. Since the pipe is new, the Pipe Properties dialog will follow to enter the pipe cross
section properties as shown. Select 8 {200} from the Nominal Diameter drop-down, type
0.85 in the Specific gravity of contents field and select CS in the Pipe Material field. Type
12000 {80} in the Cold allowable field and 30000 {200} for the Minimum yield field. Press
OK when done.
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Build Piping Model
temperature and temperature dependent material properties. Enter 150 {1.0} for the
pressure, 300 {150} for the temperature and 12000 {80} for the hot allowable as shown
below.
6. Press OK.

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Build Piping Model
Exercise 2: Flexible Anchor and Flexible Joint
1. Select Insert > Anchor and select Flexible from the Anchor Type drop-down. In the Trans.
Stiff. field type 150000 {25000} for X, 250000 {45000} for the Y and 250000 {45000} for Z
stiffness. Press OK to close.
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Build Piping Model
2. Select Insert > Flange and select Slip-On from the Flange type drop-down, 150 from
Pressure rating and Double-Welded Slip On from the Joint End Type field as follows.
Press OK to close.
3. Select Insert > Run and type -1 {-300} in DZ field as shown. Press OK to close.

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Build Piping Model
4. Select View > Solid Model View and use pan and zoom to set view as shown below.
5. Starting from current point A01, Select Insert > Flexible Joint and enter the data as shown.
Press OK to close.
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Build Piping Model

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Build Piping Model
Exercise 3: Add Trunnion or Base Elbow Support at Bend
1. Select Insert > Bend and type 1 {400} in the Length field and check the Midpoint option.
You need a midpoint so you can connect the trunnion support at the middle of the elbow.
Use the default location of the midpoint at 50.0% along the bend. Press OK to close.
2. Select Insert > Bend and type 6 {1800} in the DY field as shown. Press OK to close.
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Build Piping Model
3. Select Insert > Beam Section Properties.

4. The Beam Section Properties dialog displays.
5. Select Standard from Section type section and STEEL as the Material name.

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Build Piping Model
6. Click Select button to open the Section Profile Database dialog. In this dialog; select Pipe
from American country section and PIPE4SCH40 from the Select Beam field as shown
below.
7. Click OK to close the Section Profile Database dialog.

8. Click OK to close the Beam Section Properties dialog.
9. Now click on A03 M (bend midpoint). Make sure the point name shown at the bottom of
the screen is A03 M and then select Insert > Frame. Tab to the Point J field and type in 1.
Tab again and type -2 {-600} in the DY field. Select PIPE4SCH40 from the Section ID dropdown and press OK.
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Build Piping Model
10. Now click on the end of the frame (Point 1) and then select Insert > Anchor. Press OK to
accept rigid anchor properties. The frame with the anchor support will appear as shown
below.

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Build Piping Model
Exercise 4: Add 45-deg Bend
1. Click on A04 and select Insert > Bend and type 2 {600} in the DX and -2 {-600} in the DZ
fields as shown to make the 45-deg bend. The 45-deg bend entry does not differ from any
other bend, the only difference is that you will have two offsets to enter and these offsets
are equal for 45-deg bend. Press OK.
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Build Piping Model
The next point is a run point, so you will use Insert > Run to insert run point A06. Type -6
{-1800} in the DZ field and then press OK.
2.

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Build Piping Model
3. Now use Insert > Bend to insert run point A07. Type 6 {1800} in the Length field and press
OK.
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Build Piping Model
1. Select Insert > Bend and select Short for the Radius of the bend. This means the bend
radius is equal to the Nominal Diameter of the pipe. The radius for a long radius bend is
1.50 times the Nominal Diameter. You need to remember to set the radius back to long as
the default for bend radius will change to short after this insert operation. Type -4.5 {1350} in the DY fields as shown in the following figure, and then press OK.
2. Select Insert > Bend and select Long for the bend Radius. Type 4.5 {1350} in the DX field,
and then press OK.
Exercise 5: Add Short Radius Bend

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Build Piping Model
3. Select Insert > Run and type -1.5 {-450} in DY field as shown below. Press OK.
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Build Piping Model
Exercise 6: Add a Designed Hanger Support
1. Click on A07 N and then select Insert > Support. Select Spring from the Support type
drop-down to insert a spring hanger. Disable the Undesigned checkbox. Type 1550 {7000}
in the Cold load field and 250 {45} in the Spring rate field as shown below, and then press
OK.

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Build Piping Model
Exercise 7: Change Pipe Data for the Schedule 80 Bend

The bend is already inserted using a STD schedule. You will select the completed bend and
attempt to change the pipe properties for the bend. You will keep the schedule as is for the
rest of the piping.
1. Click on A07 N and then use Shift-Click at A07 F. You will see the bend highlighted in
red.
2. Select Modify > Pipe Properties Over Range. The Pipe Properties dialog will appear. Type
8SCH80 {200SCH80} in the Pipe Identifier field. Select 8.000 {200} from the Nominal
Diameter drop-down, and select 80 from the Schedule drop-down as shown below.
You will see a warning message when you press OK to this dialog. This warns you
that the cold allowable data is not available for the generic CS material. Press OK to
close the Warning dialog, and then press OK again to close the Pipe Properties
dialog.
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Build Piping Model
Exercise 8: Add flanges for the bend

In AutoPIPE there is no flanged bend as a separate component. In order to insert a flanged
bend you would need two flanges on each side of the bend. The flanges have to be located at
the Near (N) or Far (F) points or at a point with the same coordinates as these two points.
Although the weight of the flange may not be exactly at the Near or Far points, the flanges
need to be inserted there if they are to be considered in the calculation of the bend flexibility
and stress intensification factor. A flanged bend is typically stiffer since it is restricted from
ovalling while bending. The increased stiffness would lead to smaller stress intensification
factors (SIF) for the bend. The bend report in the Model Input Listing would list the number
of flanges connected to the bend for SIF and flexibility considerations. It is important to
review this report as the usage of the bend is meant to give more flexibility to the piping.
1. You will attempt to insert flanges at both ends of a bend at the same time. First select
both points on the bend by clicking on A08 N and then using Shift-Click at A08 F. You
will see the bend highlighted in red.
2. Select Insert > Flange. Select Slip-On for the Flange type, 150 for Pressure rating and
Double-Welded Slip-On as Joint End Type as follows. Press OK.
3. One flange will be inserted at A08 N and another at A08 F.

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Add Nozzle Flexibility Element

Here you will learn about modeling nozzle flexibility and how to add a flexible nozzle.
Background on Modeling Nozzle Flexibility

The addition of a nozzle flexibility element is meant to model the vessel shell flexibility.
Assuming a rigid nozzle would attract too large of reaction forces at the nozzle and would be
too conservative for vessel design. AutoPIPE nozzle flexibility element makes it very easy to
estimate shell flexibility using several methods. For cylindrical vessels, the WRC297 and
Bijlaard are the preferred methods. For cylindrical tanks with large diameters (order of 100
feet), the API 650 method is the preferred method. For reduced tee branches, the ASME class
I piping formula is appropriate. For nozzles on spherical or tori-spherical heads, the Spherical
method is the most appropriate and is based on Bijlaard and is also part of the BD5500
British piping code.
4. Repeat the last step above to insert mating flanges. There will be a total of 4 flanges when
the bend is flanged at both ends. The result is shown below:
The nozzle element is a modified and simplified expansion joint element. While the
expansion joint element has 6 stiffnesses, the nozzle element will have only 3 stiffnesses. The
three stiffness are radial, circumferential bending and longitudinal bending. Two shear and
torsion stiffnesses are not applied to the nozzle element. Also for the nozzle element, the
radial load due to pressure is not added as in the case of the flexible joint. The radial pressure
thrust can be added automatically in WinNozl when calculating nozzle stresses.
AutoPIPE will not calculate stresses in the nozzle or the connected vessel. It is recommended
that the anchor reaction forces calculated in AutoPIPE be used in WinNozl for evaluating
nozzle as well as vessel or shell stresses per the applicable ASME Div I or II, BD5500, KHK
and API 650 codes. AutoPIPE can transmit these forces directly to WinNozl to minimize
errors.
When modeling the nozzle, the length between the nozzle flange and vessel wall should be
modeled as a pipe element. The nozzle element should always be short; and the shorter it is
the more accurate the model. It should be centered at the wall of the shell since it is meant to
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199
model the bending flexibility of the shell wall. The best way to model the nozzle flexibility
element is to start it at outer face of the vessel and end it the inner face. The total length
would then be the vessel thickness

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Mar-09
Exercise 1: Adding a Flexible Nozzle

1. Click on A10 and select Insert > Flange. Select Slip-On for the flange Type, 150 for
Pressure rating and Double-Welded Slip-On as the Joint End Type. Press OK to close.
2. Repeat Insert > Flange to insert a second mating flange.
3. Use Insert > Run and type 3 {75} in the Length field to model the pipe between the
mating flanges and the vessel face A10 to A11.
4. Click on View > Single Line View to change to single line view and zoom as shown.
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5. Select Insert > Nozzle. Enter the nozzle data as shown below, and then press OK.

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Mar-09
6. Adding a nozzle flexibility element is not enough. You need to support the end of the
nozzle element using an anchor. There is no automatic support added to the nozzle. So
select Insert > Anchor and then select Rigid and press OK.
7. Select View > Solid Model View.
8. Select View > All to get full model view as follows.
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203
Add cut short or cold spring

Cut short or as often referred to as cold spring, is the process of cutting short the pipe by a
small amount so as to distribute the load evenly between hot and cold conditions. Since the
pipe is short, it is pulled together using a large reaction force equivalent to the cold spring
load in the pipe. For example if a vessel is expected to grow by 2.0 inches under hot
conditions it would have a high hot reaction at the nozzle while the cold reaction may be very
low. It is common practice to specify about half the hot movement as a cut short in order to
even out the hot and cold loads. This concept can only apply to equipment and support
reactions which are often subject to a different piping code, e.g. ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code.
In all B31 piping codes, the effect of cold spring should not be taken into account when
calculating the expansion stresses. This is attributed to the fact that the B31expansion stresses
already assume yielding since the allowable stress range can reach 2.5*Sh or:
(1.25*Sc+0.25*Sh) + (Sh-SL)
Where Sh and Sc are the material hot and cold allowable stresses respectively and SL is the
calculated sustained stress at the point. 2.5Sh can be attained when Sc=Sh and SL is zero.
Under yielding conditions, any initial stresses due to cold spring are expected to dissipate and
a permanent plastic deformation will take place. This is the reason why many engineers get
surprised when disconnecting the pipe a few years later about the lack of any spring forces
that existed at cold conditions during construction.
The question remains how do we account for cold spring and what load case should we add
it to?
One approach is to apply it to the default load case GR. In this way it will automatically apply
to both cold and hot conditions, since AutoPIPE uses GR as an initial state for thermal loads.
But why should we add it if the code does not allow it?
That is true. You should never use stress results with cut-short analysis on. For this reason
you would need to perform two separate analyses.
First analysis is without cut short in which you review the code stresses and produce the code
stress report.
Second analysis is with cut-short in which you exclude code stress results and only report
support reactions and nozzle loads for hot and cold conditions.
Some people avoid doing two separate analyses by including cut-short under a separate user
case U1. This way they will not enter in the code stress calculations unless they add U1 to the
sustained and expansion stresses which they should not. They then add U1 to non-code cases
as follows:
Cold reactions: GR+U1
Hot reactions: GRTP1+U1

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Mar-09
Exercise 1: Add Cut-Short to a pipe

In this sample you will use the last approach as it will help us demonstrate how to add new
user non-code combinations.
1. Select A06 and then select Insert > Xtra Data > Cut short to insert a cut short at A06. Select
U1 for the Load case to combine with, and enter 0.5 {10} for the Enter amount of cut short
as shown. Press OK to close.
2. Since load combinations are not defined until after the analysis is done, you will add the
new load combinations after performing the first analysis.
Exercise 2: Perform static analysis with cut short

Now that the model is completed, let us analyze the system. Since you have a flexible joint
that will open under pressure, you would need to include the axial pressure forces that will
open the flexible joint. This can be done by enabling pressure analysis.
1. Select Load > Static Analysis Sets to start the Analysis Sets dialog. Select analysis set no.
1 and press Modify.
2. Enable T1, U1 and Cut-short analysis and disable Gaps/Friction/Soil. Both U1 and cutshort analysis need to be enabled for inclusion of cut short analysis. Note that cut-short
analysis will automatically disable every time you perform a static analysis.
3. Click the Calculate pressure extension cases option in order to generate a separate
pressure case P1.
4. Press OK when done.
Mar-09
205
5. Select Analyze > Static to run the static analysis.
Exercise 4: Setting load combinations for cut short

In this section you will set up load cases needed for cut short analysis. As mentioned earlier
you need the cold reaction GR+U1 and the hot reaction GRTP1+U1. Now let us look at the
default non-code cases and identify the cases you need.
1. Select Tools > Combinations to open the Load Combinations dialog. Then select the
Non-Code Comb tab.
Note
If the GRTP1 and GRTP1+U1 combinations are not displayed on the Non-Code Comb
tab, reset the default combinations by pressing the Reset Defaults Only button.
2. You can see that the combination for hot reaction is available, but not the cold reaction
GR+U1. You also see combinations that are not needed (Gravity, Thermal 1, and User 1)
and so you will attempt to disable these later. Press the New button and type GR+U1 in the
Combination name field and set the other data as follows. Press OK to close.

206
Mar-09
3. Now disable the checkbox in the print column of each combination you would like to
exclude in your report. The Load Combination dialog should look as follows.
4. Now repeat the same for code combinations by selecting the Code Comb tab. Uncheck
the case Sus.+U1 as it is not applicable since we cannot add cut short to code stresses.
Also the case Max Range is redundant since it is the same as Amb to T1. Press OK to
close the Load Combination dialog.
Mar-09
207
Stress Results and Restraints Report
You will review the stress results both interactively and through an output report. You will
learn how to interpret the stress results, review the expansion joint displacement due to
pressure, and interpret the restraints report.
Exercise 1: Stress Results

1. Use Results > Code Stresses and the stress plot will be shown below. Press OK to close.

208
Mar-09
The maximum stress ratio is 0.55 {0.55} and is caused by GR+Max P as shown on the
top left corner. The maximum stress occurs at point A03M.
Exercise 2: Expansion joint displacement

1. Next we will show the expansion of the flexible joint due to pressure. Select Result >
Displacement and then select load case Pressure 1 as follows.
Note
Mar-09
The list of combinations in the drop-down list can be filtered by enabling/disabling the
Print option in the Load Combination dialog.
209
2. You can estimate the flexible joint opening by subtracting the displacement at A01 from
that at A02 for case P1. Next we will look at the output report.
Exercise 3: Output report

In this exercise you will review the output report.
1. Select Result > Output Report and select the sub-reports as follows

210
Mar-09
2. The output report will show as follows.
Mar-09
211

212
Mar-09
Module Review
Module Review
Questions
1. What is the benefit of including nozzle flexibility in the pipe stress model?
a. It captures the non-Rigid or flexible connection between the pipe and vessel which
can lower the pipe moments.
b. The pipe loads are more realistically higher.
c. The stresses are calculated in the nozzle element.
2. The nozzle element is modeled as an expansion joint element.
True
False
3. Which of the following is NOT true about a cut short or cold spring:
a. It is the process of cutting short the pipe by a small amount so as to distribute the
load evenly between hot and cold conditions.
b. In all B31 piping codes, the effect of cold spring should be taken into account when
calculating the expansion stresses.
c. Under yielding conditions, any initial stresses due to cold spring are expected to
dissipate and a permanent plastic deformation will take place.
4. What is the easiest code compliant method for creating load combinations with cut short
included?
a. Run 2 analyses; with and without cut short.
b. Load combinations are not defined until after the analysis is done.
c. Create a user combination with the cut short and add the user load case to all noncode combinations.
Mar-09
213
Summary
Answers
1. a.: The addition of a nozzle flexibility element is meant to model the vessel shell
flexibility. Assuming a rigid nozzle would attract too large of reaction forces at the
nozzle and would be too conservative for vessel design. AutoPIPE will not calculate
stresses in the nozzle or the connected vessel.
2. False: The nozzle element is a modified and simplified expansion joint element. While
the expansion joint element has six stiffnesses, the nozzle element will have only three
stiffnesses. The three stiffness are radial, circumferential bending and longitudinal
bending. Two shear and torsion stiffnesses are not applied to the nozzle element. Also for
the nozzle element, the radial load due to pressure is not added as in the case of the
flexible joint.
3. b.: In all B31 piping codes, the effect of cold spring should not be taken into account
when calculating the expansion stresses. This is attributed to the fact that the
B31expansion stresses already assume yielding since the allowable stress range can reach
2.5*Sh or:
(1.25*Sc+0.25*Sh) + (Sh-SL)
Where Sh and Sc are the material hot and cold allowable stresses respectively and SL is
the calculated sustained stress at the point. 2.5Sh can be attained when Sc=Sh and SL is
zero.
4. c.: Some people avoid doing two separate analyses by including cut-short under a
separate user case U1. This way they will not enter in the code stress calculations unless
they add U1 to the sustained and expansion stresses which they should not. They then add
U1 to non-code cases as follows:
Summary
Model nozzle flexibility, cut short and trunnion supports.

Model flexible joints, short radius elbows and elbows with larger pipe thickness.

214
Mar-09
Overview
This is a test problem. You are expected to model the system on your own. Perform stress
analysis on the model as provided. You will find that the system will fail under two load
conditions. You are expected to modify the system to meet the code requirements. The code
stress ratio should not exceed 90%.
Prerequisites

Learn how to review a model that does not satisfy the given piping code, identify the
causes of overstress and add supports or loops to fix the problem.
Objectives
Test Problem
Mar-09
215
Test Problem
Model definition
Model definition
Property
Value
Pressure
250 psi for 8 {200mm} lines
Piping Loads
Thermal movement
300 psi for 10 {250mm} lines

300 F {150 C} F for 8 {200mm} lines
Temperature
400 F {200 C} for 10 lines

DX=0.5 {12.5mm}, DY=1.0 {25mm}
@A00
Piping Geometry
Property
Value
Piping Code
B31.3
Material
CS
Cold allowable Sc = 11000 psi {75 N/mm2}
Hot allowable Sh=10000 psi {70 N/mm2}

Corrosion Allowance
0.05 {1.3mm}
Insulation
2 {50mm} Calcium Silicate
1.0
Pipe sizes
8 {200mm} SCH 40 and 10 {250mm}

SCH 40
Valve
300#, 785 lbs {360 Kg}, GATE-B
Nozzle data
WRC 297
Nozzle length = 0.4 {10mm}
Vessel Radius = 2 {610mm}
Vessel thickness = 0.4 {10mm}
Test Problem
216
Mar-09
Model definition
Mar-09
217
Test Problem
Summary
Summary
Test Problem
Review a model that does not satisfy the given piping code, identify the causes of
overstress and add supports or loops to fix the problem.
218
Mar-09
Review
You have now completed the AutoPIPE V8i Edition course and learned how to create piping
models, run stress analyses in accordance with specific piping codes, and make modifications
to a test model.
Course Summary
Questions
answers appear following all of the questions.
1. This dialog can be used to enter in the piping code, units used, material library and
installation or ambient temperature.
a. Segment
b. Anchor
c. General Model Options

e. All of the above
2. The input grids are only for reviewing model inputs and cannot be used for editing model
inputs.
True
False
3. How many toolbars are available in AutoPIPE?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 5
d. 1
e. None
Mar-09
219
Course Summary
Review
4. Which of the following is NOT true about a cut short or cold spring:
a. It is the process of cutting short the pipe by a small amount so as to distribute the
load evenly between hot and cold conditions.
b. In all B31 piping codes, the effect of cold spring should be taken into account when
calculating the expansion stresses.
c. Under yielding conditions, any initial stresses due to cold spring are expected to
dissipate and a permanent plastic deformation will take place.
5. Once the pipe properties are entered and accepted they cannot be modified.
True
False
6. Which of the following options in the Static Analysis Load Cases dialog needs to be
enabled (checked) to have the program run a non-linear analysis:
a. Gaps/Friction/Soil
b. Contents
c. Analyze
e. All of the above
7. A given point may only have one segment associated with it.
True
False
8. Which of the following are valid ways to select a range of points in AutoPIPE?
a. Using the input grids
b. The Select menu option
c. Create a mouse zoom box Window and click on the Select all points in Window button
d. Click on the first point in the range, press and hold the [Shift] key, then click on the
last point in the range
e. All of the above
Course Summary
220
Mar-09
Review
9. Which four property dialogs are required to start a new model?

a. General Model Options, Operating Pressure & Temperature, Segment, Pipe
Properties
b. General Model Options, Support, Run, Pipe Properties
c. General Model Options, Operating Pressure & Temperature, Distributed Load, Pipe
Properties
10. Only one static analysis set can be analyzed at a time.
True
False
11. By entering a valve type and pressure rating, the valve length, weight, and surface area
factor are retrieved from the AutoPIPE library.
True
False
12. Which of the following is incorrect in the Combinations dialog, which has three distinct
tab grids: Load Case, Code Comb. and Non-Code Comb.
a. Load Case grid shows analyzed load cases.
b. User code combinations cannot be created in the Code Comb. tab.

c. Non-code combinations can be unselected for printing specific load combinations for
displacements and reactions.
13. Which of the following dialogs can be used to select/unselect sub-reports to include in the
output report:
a. Flange
b. General Model Options
c. Analysis Sets
e. All of the above
Mar-09
221
Course Summary
Review
14. Earthquake loads are defined in AutoPIPE using:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Accelerations
Velocities
Displacements
None of the above
All of the above
15. A number of AutoPIPE commands can be accessed directly from the keyboard using
hotkeys.
True
False
16. Which of the following methods can be used to sort a column in the results grid:
a. Right-click
b. Click on the left of the row
c. Double-click
e. All of the above
17. What is the benefit of including nozzle flexibility in the pipe stress model?
a. It captures the non-Rigid or flexible connection between the pipe and vessel which
can lower the pipe moments.
b. The pipe loads are more realistically higher.
c. The stresses are calculated in the nozzle element.
18. The nozzle element is modeled as an expansion joint element.
True
False
19. List a few ways frame elements are different from pipe elements.
Course Summary
222
Mar-09
Review
20. AutoPIPE uses methods of estimating wind loads on tubular structures described by what
two sources:
a. TTA and ASCI
b. ASME and ANSI
c. The UBC and ASCE

e. All of the above
21. What is the easiest code compliant method for creating load combinations with cut short
included?
a. Run 2 analyses; with and without cut short.
b. Load combinations are not defined until after the analysis is done.
c. Create a user combination with the cut short and add the user load case to all noncode combinations.
Mar-09
223
Course Summary
Review
Answers
1. c.: The General Model Options dialog is for defining the basic (control) parameters used
for describing the new piping model. It is also possible to edit a models system
properties by selecting the Tools > Model Options > General command. The current
system values appear in the General Model Options dialog and may be edited, then
applied to all subsequent components placed in the system.
2. False: The input grids provide a spreadsheet interface to review and edit the model input
data as an alternative to the modify menu functions or the graphic interface. These grids
are dynamic with the graphic and vice versa such that selections and modifications to the
graphic are updated immediately in the relevant grids. Most of the menu/graphic
functions can be performed in the input grids.
3. b.: AutoPIPE has three types of toolbars: command, view and components. Command
toolbars are always docked directly beneath the main menu, and cannot be moved from
this location. The component and view toolbar, on the other hand, can be moved from its
position along the right and left side of the screen respectively and positioned as a
floating toolbar in the modeling area of the screen. To reposition it, simply drag the
title bar of the toolbar into the screen area. The toolbar will resize.
4. b.: In all B31 piping codes, the effect of cold spring should not be taken into account
when calculating the expansion stresses. This is attributed to the fact that the
B31expansion stresses already assume yielding since the allowable stress range can reach
2.5*Sh or:
(1.25*Sc+0.25*Sh) + (Sh-SL)
Where Sh and Sc are the material hot and cold allowable stresses respectively and SL is
the calculated sustained stress at the point. 2.5Sh can be attained when Sc=Sh and SL is
zero.
5. False: Existing Pipe properties can be easily modified using either Modify > Properties of
Pipe Identifier (which modifies that Pipe Identifier throughout the entire model, wherever it
was used) or by graphical selection of a range of points and Modify > Pipe Properties Over
Range.
6. a.: The Gaps/Friction/Soil option determines the type of analysis to be performed:
Course Summary
If disabled: The analysis will begin immediately after accepting the dialog. A linear
analysis will be performed for each load case. A linear analysis ignores all defined
support gaps and friction coefficients, and assumes a linear soil stiffness response (k2
is ignored). In addition, the initial soil stiffness (k1) is used for the horizontal and
longitudinal directions, whereas the average of the up and down initial stiffnesses is
used for the vertical direction.
If enabled: A nonlinear analysis will be performed and a Nonlinear Analysis dialog

will immediately follow this one. The non-linearities induced by defined support
gaps, friction effects at a support bearing spring once a gap closes, and soil yield
effects are all considered.
224
Mar-09
Review
7. False: A given point may have two or more different segments associated with it. For
displayed in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. In order to toggle between
multiple segments on the same Point location, it is usually more convenient to use the up
and down arrow keys (see the section on controlling the active point with the keyboard).
8. e.: There are several methods available to graphically select ranges of points. By using
buttons or the Select menu or Input Grids, users can select by a number of different
criteria such as by segment, point names, component type, pipe diameter and other
parameters. In addition, users can create a mouse zoom box Window and click on the
Select all points in Window button to select a range. Another common method used to select
a range is to click on the first point in the range, press and hold the [Shift] key, then click
on the last point in the range. The selection set will highlight in red. This is the same
technique used to select ranges in Word, Excel, and other popular Windows programs.
9. a.: These dialogs are the General Model Options for entering the piping code, units used
and installation temperature, the Segment dialog for defining the global coordinates of the
starting point, the Pipe Properties dialog for defining the first pipe cross section and
finally the Operating Pressure & Temperature dialog for defining the design pressure
and temperature. Follow the instructions carefully as these steps cannot be undone except
by re-starting the model again.
10. False: The Load > Analysis Sets command allows the user to define multiple static
analyses (analysis sets) and provide references to these results from separate analyses
during post-processing. Then Analyze > Static will analyze all selected static analysis
sets.
11. True: AutoPIPE facilitates model building by retrieving data for standard piping
components and materials from its libraries. The Tools > Library command allows the
contents of a material and component library file (*.LIB) to be printed, scanned
interactively, or modified.
12. b.: The Combinations dialog, used to review, modify or print new post processing
combinations defined for the current model, has three distinct tab grids:
Load Cases All the analyzed static and dynamic load cases are displayed for each
analysis set in the grid
Code Comb. Displays the combination set defined for piping code compliance (both
the default combinations and user-defined sets). Any default code combination may be
modified, deleted or reset, and any new user combination created and modified in the
same grid.
Non-Code Comb. Displays the active load case combination set defined for any
purpose other than code compliance (e.g. displacement and support results). Any default
non-code combination may be modified, deleted or reset, and any new user combination
created and modified in the same grid.
Mar-09
225
Course Summary
Review
13. d.: None of the above. The Batch Report dialog can be used to select/unselect subreports to include in the output report. Enabling each option creates a separate section in
the report.
14. a.: Earthquake loads are defined in AutoPIPE using earthquake equivalent accelerations.
AutoPIPE has three ways of applying earthquake loads. The easiest is the static
earthquake load shown in the Occasional Loads section of this module. The other two
methods are Response Spectrum and Time History analysis. These two other methods
require dynamic analysis and resonance frequency and shape estimation.
15. True: A number of AutoPIPE commands can be accessed directly from the keyboard
using hotkeys. In AutoPIPE hotkeys are executed by holding down the control key and
then pressing a letter key. Note that these hotkeys are displayed in the AutoPIPE pulldown menus next to the item it executes. Additionally, AutoPIPE also uses the function
keys for some operations. The function key for each command is underlined in the menu
system. As an example, to insert a bend, simply type I to go into insert mode, then B. The
key-in command option requires memorization of certain hotkeys, but is an extremely
efficient method of input.
16. c.: Double-clicking the title of any column will sort the results.
17. a.: The addition of a nozzle flexibility element is meant to model the vessel shell
flexibility. Assuming a rigid nozzle would attract too large of reaction forces at the
nozzle and would be too conservative for vessel design. AutoPIPE will not calculate
stresses in the nozzle or the connected vessel.
18. False: The nozzle element is a modified and simplified expansion joint element. While
the expansion joint element has six stiffnesses, the nozzle element will have only three
stiffnesses. The three stiffness are radial, circumferential bending and longitudinal
bending. Two shear and torsion stiffnesses are not applied to the nozzle element. Also for
the nozzle element, the radial load due to pressure is not added as in the case of the
flexible joint.
19. The following are differences between frame elements and pipe elements:
Course Summary

Frame elements cannot have a stress (AISC or LRFD) check performed. You can
review beam displacements and forces but not stresses.
Frame element design is based on buckling criteria which is not the case for most
piping codes.
Since you cannot add pipes to the mid point of a bend, frame elements can be useful
in modeling dummies, trunnions or base elbow supports. If temperature is important,
you can add a short frame and then connect another pipe. You can also make a tee
next to (not at) the Near or Far point of the bend for adding an elbow support as a
branch.
226
Mar-09
Review
20. c.: Both the UBC (Uniform Building Code) and ASCE (American Society of Civil
Engineers) provide methods of estimating wind loads on tubular structures. AutoPIPE has
both procedures implemented for easier application of the Wind loads.
21. c.: Some people avoid doing two separate analyses by including cut-short under a
separate user case U1. This way they will not enter in the code stress calculations unless
they add U1 to the sustained and expansion stresses which they should not. They then add
U1 to non-code cases as follows:
Mar-09
227
Course Summary
Review
Course Summary
228
Mar-09

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Bentley AutoPIPE Fundamentals

Bentley Institute Student Course Guide

DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for Student Use is Permitted

Company: Quest Central Europe, spol.sro

Class Date: 19-Mar-2013

RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGENDS

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Class Date: 19-Mar-2013

Company: Quest Central Europe, spol.sro

Getting to Know AutoPIPE................................................................................................... 5

DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for Student Use is Permitted

FEATURE SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................6

OVERVIEW OF PIPING ANALYSIS USING AUTOPIPE ........................................................14

DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for Student Use is Permitted

Company: Quest Central Europe, spol.sro

Class Date: 19-Mar-2013

AutoPIPE Basic Concepts ................................................................................................. 17

Expansion Loop & Frame Supports ................................................................................... 33

Hanger Design & Equipment ............................................................................................. 93

Earthquake, Wind, and Nonlinear Analysis...................................................................... 135

Company: Quest Central Europe, spol.sro

MODULE REVIEW .................................................................................................................173

Nozzle Flexibility, Cut Short, & Trunnion Supports .......................................................... 175

DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for Student Use is Permitted

ADD NOZZLE FLEXIBILITY ELEMENT................................................................................199

Test Problem ................................................................................................................... 215

Course Summary............................................................................................................. 219

DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for Student Use is Permitted

Company: Quest Central Europe, spol.sro

Class Date: 19-Mar-2013

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems Incorporated

DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for Student Use is Permitted

Company: Quest Central Europe, spol.sro

Class Date: 19-Mar-2013

New and existing users of AutoPIPE applications. Students should have a

Three to six months experience with 3D CAD modeling

Learn how to define pumps and produce pump reports.

Getting to Know AutoPIPE

AutoPIPE Basic Concepts

Expansion Loop & Frame Supports

Hanger Design & Equipment

Earthquake, Wind, and Nonlinear Analysis

Nozzle Flexibility, Cut Short, and Trunnion Supports

DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for Student Use is Permitted

Company: Quest Central Europe, spol.sro

Class Date: 19-Mar-2013

Class Date: 19-Mar-2013

Intel Pentium-based PC 486 or higher

Microsoft Windows 2000 SP4 or later OR

Company: Quest Central Europe, spol.sro

Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP2 or later OR

DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for Student Use is Permitted

Microsoft Windows Vista Business or higher

Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or greater

128MB (More memory results in better performance)

174MB minimum free hard disk space

Industry-standard input device supported by Windows

Industry-standard output device supported by Windows

Video Graphics Card: