MATLAB WORKSHOP

MATLAB
An Introductory Workshop
AKHILESH SHENDE
Department of Chemistry,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
14th 19th October 2013
Organized by
Promotion of Work Experience & Research
(PoWER)

Akhilesh Shende

MATLAB WORKSHOP

Workshop Flow Chart

2. Language Fundamentals

1. Introduction
Desktop Basics

Matrix and Array Operations

Command Line Operations

In-build functions

Matrix and Array

Expression : Variables and Constants

2D & 3D Plots

Structures

Scripts & Functions

Command Line Expression

3. Mathematical Applications

4. Graphics

Eigen Values

Basic Plotting

System with linear equations

2D Plots

Data Analysis & Regression Model

Mesh & Surf Plots

5. Programming

Control Flow
Scripts
Functions

Akhilesh Shende

Introduction

MATLAB WORKSHOP

MATLAB
An Introductory Workshop
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Introduction

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Akhilesh Shende

MATLAB WORKSHOP

What is MATLAB
Numerical Computing environment and Programming Language
Developed by MathWorks organization www.mathworks.in
MATLAB - MATrix LABoratory
It allows us to perform
1. Mathematical operations : Matrix manipulations
2. Plotting of functions and data
3. Implementation of algorithms
4. Creation of user interfaces and interfacing with programs written in other languages
Fortran , C, C++ and Java
Used by
Academic and Research Institutions
Industrial Enterprises.

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MATLAB WORKSHOP

Uses & Applications

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MATLAB WORKSHOP

Fundamental unit of MATLAB

Array
A collection of data values organized into rows and columns

Row 1
Row 2

arr(3,2)

Row 3
Row 4

Arrays can be classified as vectors and matrices.

Vectors : Array with one dimension
Matrix : Array with more than one dimension

Col 1 Col 2 Col 3 Col 4

Scalars are also treated as arrays by MATLAB (1 row and 1 column).

Row and column indices of an array start from 1 and not from 0.
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Introduction

MATLAB WORKSHOP

MATLAB at Computer Center (CC)

Window Users

Install Xming on windows

www.iitk.ac.in/cc/windows/mailimages/mathematica/mathematica-xming.htm
IP Addresses for Linux Computers
www.iitk.ac.in/cc/linuxlab.htm

Linux Users
ssh X username@172.31.4.211 - username@172.31.4.245
172.31.4.141 - 172.31.4.210

% To run the MATLAB

>> matlab

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Introduction

MATLAB WORKSHOP

Desktop Basics

Tutorial 1

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Introduction

MATLAB WORKSHOP

Command Line Operations

Entering the data in Command Line : MATLAB as Calculator
1. 4 + 3;
2. 3*2;
3. 4^2;
4. a = 3;
5. b = 2;
6. c = a + b;
7. d = a - b;
8. e = a*b;
9. f = a/b;
10. g = a\b;
11. h = a^b;

% Clearing the workspace

clear
% Clearing the command window
clc
% Clearing a variable
clear variable_ name

% Closing MATLAB
exit
% Saving the workspace as .mat file

Scalar quantities are treated as array of 1 row and 1 column

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Introduction

MATLAB WORKSHOP

Matrix & Array : Array Generation

Row, Column vectors and matrix dimension

% Entering a Row Vector

1. Starts from [
2. Space or , between 2 numbers of a row
3. Ends with ]
Example : v = [1 4 7 10 13];
v = [1, 4, 7, 10, 13];

% Entering a Matrix
1. Starts for [
2. Space or , between 2 numbers of a row
3. ; between 2 numbers of a column
4. Ends with ]
Example : A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 10];

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% Entering a Column Vector

1. Starts from [
2. ; between 2 numbers of a column
3. Ends with ]
Example : v = [1 ; 4 ; 7 ;10 ;13];

% Dimension of a Matrix
1. [m, n] = size(A)
2. or size(A)

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Matrix & Array Cont ...

Indexing, Scalar Operation and Colon Operator
% Indexing of a matrix
1. Indexing starts from 1 & not from 0
2. [m,n] = size(A)
3. A(m, n )
where 1 m m
1 n n

% Scalar Operation on a Matrix

1. Matrix A of size(m,n)
2. B = A scalar quantity (constant )
3. A = A scalar quantity
Examples : B = A - 8.5

% Colon Operator (:)

Use to create a variable with defined size m or n
x = 1:5, x = 1:7 , size 5 and 7 (default difference 1)
x = 1:0.5: 5, x = 1:0.5: 7 , size 9 and 13 (difference 0.5)
To represent the data with it size
A(3,5) - size 3, 5.
A(:,5) - all the row elements of 5th Column
A(3,:) - all the column element of 3rd Row
A(m, n:n) - all elements of mth row, from nth to nth columns
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Introduction

MATLAB WORKSHOP

Matrix & Array Cont ...

Replacing and Deleting of elements in matrix and Concatenation of 2 Arrays
% Replacing an elements from a matrix
1. Matrix A of size(m,n)
2. A(m, n ) = number ;
3. (mth , nth ) element will be replaced

% Deleting a row or column

1. Matrix A of size(m,n)
2. A(1,:) = [ ];
3. A(:,3) = [ ];

% Concatenation of 2 Arrays
Joining of 2 arrays to make a single array
Matrices A of size (m,n) , B of size (m,n)
Two types of Concatenations
Vertical Concatenation (Increase the number of rows)
C = [A; B]; if (m == m or or mm and n==n)
Horizontal Concatenation (Increase the number of columns)
C = [A, B] ; ) if (m == m and n==n or nn )
% Swap the columns
1. Matrix A = magic(4) of size(4,4)
2. B = A(:, [1 3 2 4])
3. Swap the columns 2 & 3
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% Swap the Rows

1. Matrix A = magic(4) of size(4,4)
2. B = A([1 3 2 4],:)
3. Swap the rows 2 & 3
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Matrix & Array Cont ...

Logical Subscripting & find function

%Logical Subscripting: remove the missing/outliers values from data

Remove the missing data
function : true for all finite numerical value & false for Nan and Inf.
x = x(isfinite(x))
Example :
x = [2.1 1.7 1.6 1.5 NaN 1.9 1.8 1.5 5.1 1.8 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.8];
% Remove Outliers
x = x(abs(x-mean(x)) <= 3*std(x)) ;
% find function
It determines the indices of array elements with a given logical condition.
Example
% locations of primes
k = find(isprime(A)) ;

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Introduction

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Matrix & Array Cont ...

Complex Numbers and Some Matrix Generators (Functions)

% Matrix with complex numbers

c = [3+4i, 4+3j; -i, 10j] % Either use i or j
c = [3+4i, 4+3i; -i, 10i]

% Complex Number in Matrix

c = sqrt(-1);

Matrix Generators

Matrix

eye (n); eye(m,n);

n-by-n or m-by-n identity matrix

zeros(m,n);

an m-by-n matrix of zeros

ones(m,n);

an m-by-n matrix of ones

rand(m,n);

an m-by-n uniformly distributed random elements

randn(m,n);

an m-by-n normally distributed random elements

hilb

Hilbert matrix

invhilb

Inverse Hilbert matrix

magic

Magic square

pascal

Pascal matrix

toeplitz

Toeplitz matrix

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2D and 3D Plots
% 2D Line Plots
2 dimensional data (x, y)
Function y = f(x)
plot (x, y)
Examples :
A. x = [1 2 3 4 5 6];
y = [3 -1 2 4 5 1];
B. x = 0:pi/100:2*pi
y = sin(x);
plot(x, y)A
plot(x, y)B
% Labeling of Plots
xlabel('x');
ylabel('sin(x)');
title('Plot of the Sine Function');
% To add plots in existing Figure
hold on

% 3D Plots
3 dimensional data (x, y, z)
Function z = f(x, y)
surf(x, y, z)
Examples :
[X,Y] = meshgrid(-2:.2:2);
Z = X .* exp(-X.^2 - Y.^2);
surf(X,Y,Z)
mesh(X,Y,Z)
% Subplots
x=0:.1:2*pi;
subplot(2,2,1); plot(x, sin(x));
subplot(2,2,2); plot(x, cos(x));
subplot(2,2,3); plot(x,exp(-x));
subplot(2,2,4); plot(x,x.^2);
% Print Graphics
print -djpeg subplot.jpg
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Scripts and Functions

% Scripts
Series of commands like program
Execute by an order
Examples :
n = 50;
r = rand(n,1);
plot(r)
my_script.m
n = 50;
r = rand(n,1);
plot(r)

% m = mean(r);
% hold on
% plot([0,n],[m,m])
% hold off
% title('Mean of Random Uniform Data')

% Functions
Function y = f(x)
y = sin(x) or cos(x) trignometric
y = x^2 or sqrt(x)
Example function :
y = 1./((x - 0.3).^2 + .01) + 1./((x-0.9).^2 +
.04) - 6;
function y = my_fun (x)
y = = 1./((x - 0.3).^2 + .01) + 1./((x-0.9).^2 +
.04) - 6;
end
save the file by name my_fun.m
command line
>> a = my_fun(x)

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HELP
Akhilesh Shende