EXPERIMENT NO.

9 : UNIVERSAL TENSILE TEST

INTRODUCTION :
Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a fundamental materials
science test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until
failure. The results from the test are commonly used to select a material for
an application, for quality control, and to predict how a material will react
under other types of forces. Properties that are directly measured via a
tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, maximum elongation and reduction
in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be
determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strainhardening characteristics.
OBJECTIVES :
The objective of this experiment is to determine the characteristic and
behavior of low carbon steel bars under tensile test.

THEORY :
A tensile specimen is a standardized sample cross-section. It has two
shoulders and a gauge (section) in between. The shoulders are large so they
can be readily gripped, whereas the gauge section has a smaller crosssection so that the deformation and failure can occur in this area.
The shoulders of the test specimen can be manufactured in various ways to
mate to various grips in the testing machine. Each system has advantages
and disadvantages; for example, shoulders designed for serrated grips are
easy and cheap to manufacture, but the alignment of the specimen is
dependent on the skill of the technician. On the other hand, a pinned grip
assures good alignment. Threaded shoulders and grips also assure good
alignment, but the technician must know to thread each shoulder into the
grip at least one diameters length, otherwise the thread can strip before the
specimen fractures.

APPARATUS :

The apparatus consist of :

1. Universal Tensile Test Equipment
MATERIALS :
1. 16mm diameter and 60cm long low carbon steel bar.

PROCEDURE :
1. A 16mm diameter and 60cm long low carbon steel bar is cleaned (from
dust and any dirt)
2. The bar is marked at 10cm intervals. 10cm is left for each end for
deformation of the other marks in between is used to observe
deformation of the low carbon steel bar.
3. The universal tensile machine is switched on.
4. The level adjusted until mid-distance was approximately 40cm.
5. The bar inserted from top. The knobs rotated to adjust on both upper
and lower levels.
6. The mid-distance rechecked at 40cm.
7. The geotech testing machine U60 software was opened on desktop.

RESULTS :
Length of bar
Diameter
Yielding stress
Ultimate stress
Initial stress
Final stress
Elongation

= 600 mm
Test
16
400
450
50

CALCULATION :

ANALYSIS :

DIS
CUSSION:

1. Discuss on the results obtained

CEMB 121
Mechanic of Material Lab
SEMESTER:
SEMESTER 2, 2015/16
NAME & ID:
MOHAMMAD SYAKIRIN BIN ISMAIL ( CE097866 )
SECTION:
04
GROUP:
02
LECTURER:
DR. AGUSRIL

CONCLUSION:

Upon starting this experiment the demonstrator had mentioned that the
elastic modulus of
both columns was 200GPa, and Case 1 gave a result which was very close to
the actual value
of the modulus. All the measurement errors from instrument calibrations
were in cooperated
in the calculations. Ideal conditions were assumed for the columns although
this is not
possible in reality, from these calculations however the small percentage
errors between the
theoretical and experimental values were still very reasonable.
Improvements can be definitely made to the experiment starting by using
more modern
instrument that have no hysteresis errors due to over use, or maybe even
laser dials can be
used to measure the deflection in that way the possibility of the dial falling
off will be
eliminated.