Mineral

1.

The recommended AI for potassium is:

a.
b.
c.
d.

2.

Diets high in sodium have been linked in some people to ____________ .

a.
b.
c.
d.

3.

tomatoes
bananas
snack crackers
potatoes

Healthy blood pressure is defined as

a.
b.
c.
d.

6.

1/10
1/4
1/3
1/2

Good sources of potassium include all of the following except

a.
b.
c.
d.

5.

cancer
diabetes
hypertension
thyroid disease

Hypertension is very common, affecting _____ of adults .

a.
b.
c.
d.

4.

a little lower than sodiums

the same as sodiums
higher than sodiums
extremely limited to prevent the risk of sudden heart attack

120/80 mm of mercury or less

140/90 mm of mercury or less
160/100 mm of mercury or less
between 120/80 and 140/90

Which is least likely to be implicated as a contributor to hypertension?

a.
b.
c.
d.

high levels of carbonated beverage consumption

lack of physical activity
heavy alcohol consumption
stress

7.

The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet is best characterized by

a.
b.
c.
d.

8.

The most abundant mineral in the body is_____.

a.
b.
c.
d.

9.

infancy
Young adults
Older adults.
after menopause

Which of the following is not a function of calcium?

a.
b.
c.
d.

11.

calcium.
sodium
potassium.
water

Calcium absorption is highest in:

a.
b.
c.
d.

10.

plenty of fruits and vegetables; no dairy foods

plenty of fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy foods
plenty of grains and high-protein foods; low in dairy
plenty of high-protein foods; high in dairy foods

muscle contraction.
ATP stabilization
Blood pressure regulation
hormone secretion

Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with
absorption of a mineral needed by the body?
a.
b.
c.
d.

12.

lipase
oxalates
phytates
tannins

A low calcium intake can cause all of the following problems except:
a.
b.
c.
d.

results in lower peak bone mass.

causes problems with cell communication and
regulation.
increases bone loss in adults.
increases the risk of osteoporosis.

13.

The hard compact layer found on the surface of bones is called ________
bone
a.
b.
c.
d.

14.

At around age 45
a.
b.
c.
d.

15.

bone formation exceeds bone breakdown.

bone formation is equal to bone breakdown.
bone breakdown exceeds bone formation.
the skeleton is weak and fractures easily

Peak bone mass is achieved

a.
b.
c.
d.

16.

cortical
enameled
extrinsic
trabecular

in infancy
in early childhood
in early adulthood
during menopause

Loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is
called
a.
b.
c.
d.

17.

Which is the correct relationship of smoking and drinking to osteoporosis

risk?
a.
b.
c.
d.

18.

osteofissure
osteomalacia
osteoporosis
osteopropensia

Smoking increases risk while drinking decreases it.

Smoking and drinking both increase risk.
Smoking decreases risk while drinking increases it.
Smoking and drinking both decrease risk.

The risk of osteoporosis is decreased by all of the following except:

a.
b.
c.
d.

weight bearing exercise

low body weight
increased muscle mass
high body weight and fat

19.

Which group contains the highest proportion of individuals who do not

meet their calcium requirement?
a.
b.
c.
d.

20.

Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily associated with decreased levels of the

hormone
a.
b.
c.
d.

21.

fluoride treatment
hormone replacement therapy
increasing vitamin C consumption
vitamin A replacement therapy

Which of the following is NOT a major function of phosphorus in the

body?
a.
b.
c.
d.

24.

alcohol consumption
excessive walking
high sodium intake
smoking

Which of the following has been the most effective in decreasing

post-menopausal bone loss?
a.
b.
c.
d.

23.

aldosterone
estrogen
progesterone
secretin

Which of the following has NOT been associated with a loss of bone mass
in women?
a.
b.
c.
d.

22.

boys 9-17 years

girls 9-17 years
adult men
adult women

contributor to bone and teeth structure

constituent of DNA
acid-base buffer
helps to regulate of blood pressure levels

Which of the following is a good source of phosphorous?

a.
b.
c.
d.

dairy
whole grains
nuts
all of the above

25.

Phosphorous is essential for energy production since it is part of:

a.
b.
c.
d.

26.

When phosphorous intake is high?

a.
b.
c.
d.

27.

healthy adults
vegans
elderly
alcoholics

Good sources of magnesium include all of the following except:

a.
b.
c.
d.

30.

500
700
1000
1200

Which of the following groups is least at risk for phosphorous deficiency?

a.
b.
c.
d.

29.

blood levels rise drastically

less is absorbed across the intestine
more is lost in the urine
it is stored in additional creatine phosphate

The RDA for phosphorous is _____mg/d for adults.

a.
b.
c.
d.

28.

ATP
NADH
FADH2
DNA

leafy green vegetables

processed foods
nuts
whole grains

Most of the magnesium in the body is in:

a.
b.
c.
d.

the bone
the blood
intracellular fluid
extracellular fluid

31.

Blood levels of magnesium are regulated primarily by

a.
b.
c.
d.

32.

Which is the FALSE statement about absorption of calcium?

a.
b.

33.

b.
c.
d.

Calcium is better absorbed from breast milk than from infant

formulas.
Diets high in phytates increase calcium absorption.
Pregnant women need more calcium in their diet in order to supply
the needs of the growing fetus.
Women who breast feed need more calcium.

Iron is a component of the protein, ________ that binds and

transports oxygen in the bloodstream.
a.
b.
c.
d.

35.

absorption of calcium decreases during pregnancy

taking large amounts of calcium supplements may interfere
with absorption of copper and iron
c.
the presence of lactose enhances the rate of calcium
absorption
d.
the presence of vitamin D enhances calcium absorption

Which of the following statements regarding calcium is true?

a.

34.

absorption across the small intestine.

the amount consumed in the diet
the liver
the kidney.

ferritin
hematocrit
hemoglobin
myoglobin

Lack of which trace element is the most common nutritional

deficiency worldwide?
a.
b.
c.
d.

copper
iodine
iron
zinc

36.

Which of the following is NOT a good source of heme iron?

a.
b.
c.
d.

37.

beef
chicken
salmon
spinach
All of the following are adequate sources of nonheme iron except

a.
b.
c.
d.
38.

apples
enriched white rice
beans
spinach
Which of the following is not a true statement?

a.
b.
c.
d.
39.

Cooking in iron skillets can provide dietary iron

Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron
Phytates in cereal enhance the absorption of iron
Calcium supplements decrease iron absorption
Which is the best indicator of iron stores in the body?

a.
b.
c.
d.
40.

ferritin
hematocrit
hemoglobin
transferrin
Which is the true statement about iron loss?

a.
b.
c.
d.

41.

When red blood cells die, the iron in the cells is excreted.
Most loss of iron from the body is associated with loss
of blood.
There is significant loss of iron is through the urinary tract.
Iron from red blood cells binds to calcium and is excreted through
the large intestine.
Which is the true statement about iron requirements?

a.
b.
c.
d.

The RDA for young adult women is higher than the RDA young
adult men.
For adolescents, the RDA is the same for males and females.
Iron requirements are increased after menopause.
Babies should not be fed iron containing formulas, because of the
risk of toxicity.

42.

A compulsion to eat non-food items such as laundry starch, clay or ice is called
a.
b.
c.
d.

43.

___________ is an inherited condition that causes individuals to absorb and

accumulate too much iron.
a.
b.
c.
d.

44.

chromium
fluoride
iodine
zinc

The symptoms of zinc deficiency include all of the following except:

a.
b.
c.
d.

47.

taking the supplement at a meal containing beef

taking the supplement with a calcium supplement
taking the supplement at a meal containing fish
taking the supplement with orange juice

When the intake of ________ is high, copper absorption into the blood is
inhibited.
a.
b.
c.
d.

46.

hemochromatosis
hematocrit absorption syndrome
hyperferritosis
reverse anemia

Which of the following would NOT enhance absorption of the iron found in
supplements?
a.
b.
c.
d.

45.

anemia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
pica
retrogression

hair loss
impaired reproduction
anemia
reduced immune function

Which of the following is a false statement regarding zincs function in the

body?
a.
b.
c.
d.

zinc is a cofactor for many enzymes

zinc is needed for development of sex organs
zinc is needed for growth and tissue repair
zinc is needed for synthesis of vitamin E

48.

Which of the following is a good source of selenium?

a.
b.
c.
d.

49.

Which mineral functions to protect the body from oxidative damage and also
helps synthesize thyroid hormone?
a.
b.
c.
d.

50.

copper
manganese
selenium
zinc

A low selenium diet has been associated with certain types of this
disease.
a.
b.
c.
d.

51.

apricots
milk
shrimp
iodized salt

What is the primary function of iodine in the body?

a.
b.
c.
d.

53.

arthritis
cancer
dementia
diabetes

Which of the following is the poorest source of iodine?

a.
b.
c.
d.

52.

eggs
fruits
vegetables
drinking water

an antioxidant, to reduce the number of free radicals

a component of hemoglobin
a component of thyroid hormones, which regulate
metabolic rate
it functions in carbohydrate metabolism

A deficiency of iodine often causes an enlarged thyroid gland that forms

a.
b.
c.
d.

a blockage of arteries leading to the heart

a cyst
a goiter
muscle

54.

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy may cause in_____________ in the

infant.
a.
b.
c.
d.

55.

Substances that interfere with the utilization of iodine or with the function of the
thyroid gland are called
a.
b.
c.
d.

56.

cretinism
diabetes
fetal goiter syndrome
hypoglycemia

deleterious iodine compounds

goitrogens
thyroid function abusers (TFA)
thyroid interference aggregates

Fluoride has shown to be effective in preventing _________ .

a.
b.
c.
d.

colon cancer
dental caries
hearing loss
obesity

57. Too much fluoride in the body can cause

a.
b.
c.
d.
58.

Which of the following trace elements is not a component of an antioxidant

enzyme?
a.
b.
c.
d.

59.

arthritis
diarrhea
hives and dermatitis
mottled teeth

copper
iodine
selenium
zinc

Which is NOT a factor in determining the absorption of iron?

a.
b.
c.
d.

bodys blood glucose level

bodys need for iron
presence/absence of copper in the body
form of iron ingested