Grade 9 Exam Review

Name:

Heredity
USING KEY TERMS
Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the
word bank.
sex cells
alleles

genotype
phenotype

sex chromosomes
meiosis

1) Sperm and eggs are known as ______________________.

2) The ______________________is the expression of a trait and is determined by the
combination of alleles called the.
3) ______________________ produces cells with half the normal number of
chromosomes.
4) Different versions of the same genes are called ______________________.
UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS
Multiple Choice
5) Genes carry information that determines
a. alleles.
b. ribosomes.
c. chromosomes.
d. traits.
6) The process that produces sex cells is
a. mitosis.
b. photosynthesis.
c. meiosis.
d. probability.
7) The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
a. probability.
b. heredity.
c. recessive.
d. meiosis.
8) If you cross a white flower with the genotype pp with a purple flower with the
genotype PP, the possible genotypes in the offspring are
a. PP and pp.
b. all Pp.


c. all PP.
d. all pp.
9) For the cross in item 8, what would the phenotypes be?
a. all white
b. 3 purple and 1 white
c. all purple
d. half white, half purple
10) In meiosis,
a. chromosomes are copied twice.
b. the nucleus divides once.
c. four cells are produced from a single cell.
d. two cells are produced from a single cell.
11) When one trait is not completely dominant over another, it is called
a. recessive.
b. incomplete dominance.
c. environmental factors.
d. uncertain dominance.
Short Answer
12) Which sex chromosomes do females have? Which do males have?
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13) In one or two sentences, define the term recessive trait in your own words.
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14) How are sex cells different from other body cells?
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15) What is a sex-linked disorder? Give one example of a sex-linked disorder that is
found in humans.
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History of Life on Earth
USING KEY TERMS
Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the
word bank.
Precambrian time
Paleozoic era
Mesozoic era
Cenozoic era
16) During ______________________, life is thought to have originated from nonliving
matter.
17) The Age of Mammals refers to the ______________________.
18) The Age of Reptiles refers to the ______________________.
19) Plants colonized land during the ______________________.
For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
20) relative dating and absolute dating
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UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS

Multiple Choice
21) If the half-life of an unstable element is 5,000 years, what percentage of the parent
material will be left after 10,000 years?
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
22) The first cells on Earth appeared in


a.
b.
c.
d.

Precambrian time.
the Paleozoic era.
the Mesozoic era.
the Cenozoic era.

23) In which era are we currently living?

a. Precambrian time
b. Paleozoic era
c. Mesozoic era
d. Cenozoic era
24) Scientists think that the closest living relatives of humans are
a. lemurs.
b. monkeys.
c. gorillas.
d. chimpanzees.
Short Answer
25) Describe how plant and animal remains can become fossils.
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26) What information do fossils provide about the history of life?
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27) List three important steps in the early development of life on Earth.
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28) Describe the event that scientists think caused the mass extinction at the end of the
Mesozoic era.
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29) Which hominid species is alive today?
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30)

Making Inferences If you find rock layers containing fish fossils in a desert,


what can you infer about the history of the desert?
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31) Applying Concepts Explain how an environmental change can threaten the survival
of a species. Give two examples.
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INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
The graph below shows data about fossilized teeth that were found within a series of
rock layers. Use this graph to answer the questions that follow.

32) Which of the following statements best describes the information presented in the
graph?
a. Over time, the number of carnivores decreased and the number of
herbivores increased.
b. Over time, the number of carnivores increased and the number of
herbivores increased.
c. Over time, the number of carnivores and herbivores remained the same.
d. Over time, the number of carnivores increased and the number of
herbivores decreased.


33) At what point did carnivore teeth begin to outnumber herbivore teeth?
a. between layer 1 and layer 2
b. between layer 2 and layer 3
c. between layer 3 and layer 4
d. between layer 4 and layer 5
USING KEY TERMS
34) Use each of the following terms in a separate sentence: element, compound, and
mineral.
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For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
35) color and streak
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36) mineral and ore
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37) silicate mineral and nonsilicate mineral
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Multiple Choice
38) Which of the following properties of minerals does Mohs scale measure?
a. luster
c. density
b. hardness
d. streak
39) Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary
chemical means are called
a. molecules.
c. compounds.
b. elements.
d. crystals.
40) Which of the following properties is considered a special property that applies to only
a few minerals?


a. luster
b. hardness

c. taste
d. density

41) Silicate minerals contain a combination of the elements

a. sulfur and oxygen.
c. iron and oxygen.
b. carbon and oxygen.
d. silicon and oxygen.
42) The process by which land used for mining is returned to its original state is called
a. recycling.
c. reclamation.
b. regeneration.
d. renovation.
43) Which of the following minerals is an example of a gemstone?
a. mica
c. gypsum
b. diamond
d. copper
SHORT ANSWER
44) Compare surface and subsurface mining.
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45) Explain the four characteristics of a mineral.
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46) Describe two environments in which minerals form.
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47) List two uses for metallic minerals and two uses for nonmetallic minerals.
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48) Describe two ways to reduce the effects of mining.
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49) Describe three special properties of minerals.
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50) Identifying Relationships Suppose you are in a desert. You are walking across the
floor of a dry lake, and you see crusts of cubic halite crystals. How do you suppose
the halite crystals formed? Explain your answer.
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INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
The table below shows the temperatures at which various minerals melt. Use the
table below to answer the questions that follow.
Melting points of Various Minerals
Mineral
Mercury

51)

Melting Points ( C)
-39

Sulfur

+113

Halite
Silver

801

Gold

1,062

Copper
Pyrite

1,083

Fluorite

1,360

Quartz
Zircon

1,710

916

1,171

2,500

According to the table, what is the approximate difference in temperature between

the melting points of the mineral that has the lowest melting point and the mineral
that has the highest melting point?

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52) Which of the minerals listed in the table do you think is a liquid at room temperature?
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53) Pyrite is often called fools gold. Using the information in the table, how could you
determine if a mineral sample is pyrite or gold?

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