Contents

lntroduetion

page 3

Contents

----

Verhs and tenses

unit 1

Be: Present Simple ( l) l am, l'm not)

lk: Present Simple (2) (Am I ... ? Areyou ... ?)

Present Simple ( l) (I know, 1 don'tknow)

10

12

Sin1pie (2) (Doyou drive?)

Present Continuous (1; (Jm eatng)

14

Present O:intlnuous (2) (Aml v.inning?)

16

Present Simple (l work) or Present Contnuous {f'mworking)

18

lmperative(Go,D<>n'tgo)

20

Be:PastSimple(Iwas,theywere)
Past Simple (1 played, 1 didn't play\

24

7
8
9
1O
11

Present l'.lerfect ( 1 (I have gone, 1ha\'ell'tgone)

12

Present Perfect (2) {Has she gone?); ever, never, yet, just

13
14

Beg-0ingto (l'mgoingtoleave)
Will and shall (J will "'in)

15

Present Continuous for the future (He's workingtomorrow)

30
32
34

16

Have and ha ve got

36

26
28

Senten:.s and qucstions

17

Nouns, verbs, adjectives etc.

38

18

St<bject, verb,

4-0

42

'Yes/no' questions (A:ttyou ...?Is he ...?)

20 Questinns (Where, Wen, '\<'by, How)
21 Questions (Who1 What, Whicll, Howmany)
22 Whoseisthis?-It'sJohn's.
23 Short aOS\lfeTS (Yes, 1 am. Yes, Ido.)
19

44
46
4S

50

Modal.s

24
25

52
54

Can J? Cou1d J? May I? Can you? Could you?

26 Must and mustn't

56

Prepositions

27
28

Prepositions of place (in. on, under etc:.)

Prepositions of time (in, on, at, from, to)

58

60

PAGE

Articles, nouns, pronouns etc.

unit 29

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

A, anorthe

page 62

Plural nouns (cats, men); one andones

64

This, that, these, those

Countable and uncountable nouns; a, sorne, the

66
68

A, sorne, any, no

70

1 and me ( subject and object pronouns)

72

My, your; mine, yours

74
76
78

Much, many; how mu ch, how many; more

A lot of, a little, a few
Adjectives and adverbs

38
39
40
41
42
43

Adjectives (big, new etc.)

Cardinal and ordinal numbers (three, third)
Comparative adjectives (cheaper, more beautiful)
Superlative adjectives (the newest, the biggest)
Adjectives and adverbs (quick, quiddy)
Adverbs of frequency (always, never)

80
82
84
86
88
90

Building sentences

44 And, but, so, both ... and, either ... or, neither ... nor

92

Formtables

94

Exit tests

98

Answer key to practice exercises

102

Answer key to extt tests

117

lndex

118

Verb tenses table

PAGE 5

1 Be: Present Simple (l) (1 am, I'mnot)

1 Here are :;ome examples ofbe in the Prcsrn:

Simple:
This is my brothci: He's ten ycars old.
l'm a srudent. Thcseare my bo:lks.
I'hey aren'! at hon-1e, They're at the thearre,

in spcech, "'e usually use the short for:ns:

She's my si.stPr. Iic's n;y brothcr.
l'nr _frorn Ttal7: Thry're (JertnatL

\\1e use be:

to s.1y who we are:

2

\Ve forn1 thc Prrsent Sin:ple ofbe likc this:

?SJTfVE

til ff;rtn
Singu.lar 1am

Plural

Short frm

I'm

Yo': are
t1e/shc/it is

'{ou're

\\'1::are
You are

\'Vt>'re
Yo c.'re
Thcy're

fie'sJshe's!it's

Theyare

a.

NEGATIVF

Shart form
I'mnot
Yoaaren't

FulJ.fornt
1
l
amnot
1 Singular

''

You arenot

He/she:it is not Hc/shc/it isn't

VVearen't
\Ve arenot
Youarenot
Youaren't

Plural

Thevarenot
---www--

'fhcy aren't
----www

l'm Steve and this is 1ny friend Bil/. \1-C're

fi-am Scatland,
I'm fanet and theseare 1n1 sisters. Ihis is
Sandra and this is Patricia. Sandra and
Patricia aredoctors,
to talk about the .,.,.-ea:her:
It's co!d tQdfl.y.
It's a befl.utiful day.
ltS usuai(J.' hot lie!re!
!t isn't very tt-arin tod4}'',
to t:i'.k about the time:
lt's ten o'c/ack.
lt's halfpast four.
Yau're latef
to talk about ph1_i:;s:
},.filan is in thenorth ofltaly,
John ani-f ,\lary are 1'n 'xl:irkshire.
to ::alk about people's ,:igcsc
My sfoter is six years nld,

............................................................................................................
Practice

l'v1aria isfrom Brazil. Sheis writingabout herself and her family, Put full
forms of ben thegaps,
am
O I _---l!:L__
a student from Brazil.
4 1 _
_
twenty years old .
O tv1;- p.1rents a re"'"'-- (not) rich.
.5 My Iittle brother is
t\-..'O.
is
are
not
1 J\1y fathcr _ _
a lt:achcr,
6 Myolder brotbers - - - - ::_not)
2

:vty mother

is not

(r:otj

students.
are

Brazilian.
is ___

3 She

fro1n i\n1erica.

8 lt

is

in thc artn)\
- often ve:-y hot ir, 11razi1.

B Now fiU these-gaps. This time, use short forms of be, as in theexamples.
O Ih_
adoc:or.
5 lt isn't
(::lot) coldtoday.
's
not
(not) J bank n1ar.ager.
6 It
ver y hot.
O
isn't

She
2 He

's __
_

3 1l1ey

're

(not) a teacl1er.
a stut':ent.
_ _ _ at hnn1e.

aren't

(not} in the park.

're
7 \\'e_

8 \\'e

9 You
10 l

-- irom Pars.

aren't
__
----

aren't

(not) from Borde;1ux.

---(no:) twenty-one.

'm

___

PAGE 6

Look at these pictures. These people are saying who they are. Write
sentences, choosing the correct jobs from the box, as in the example.
a pop star
a policeman

a farmer
an artist

a bank manager
a teacher

a footballer
a film star

a dentist
a scientist

l'm Paolo and this is Federico.

names:
nationality:

_ l'm .a_f20liceman and Federico is a footballer.

jobs:
names:
nationality:
jobs:
names:
nationality:
jobs:
names:
nationality:
jobs:
names:
nationality:
jobs:
names:
nationality:
jobs:

D Choose words from the box to put in the gaps.

are

is

They're
We

It's (x3)
isn't

O My parents live in Scotland. _Jhey_'re___ teachers.

1 New York isn't
in England. - It's
- - - - - in America.
German.
2 Paul _is_ _ _ _ from Germany. He's
_ _ _ _ thirtyyears old.
3 My sister is a doctor. _She's
4
5

It's
It's

six o'dock!

We

are late.

very cold today. Let's stay at home.

6 Look at the time! Chris and Mary

are

late.
PAGE

2 Be: Present Simple (2) (Am l. ..? Areyou ...?)

1 We use be:
.,. to talle about how we feel:
I'm happy.
They're sad.
They're bored.
She's tired.
We're hungry.
I'm thirsty.
He isn'tafraid.
They're cold.
... to say helio:
Bill: Helio. Howare you?
Jane: l'm fine thanks. How areyou?

We al so use there +be to talk about when

things happen:

There is a bus to London at6 o'clock.

There are taxis, but there aren't any buses
on Sunday.
There isn't another train to Manchester
today.
3

"" to apologize:
Mary: I'm sorry J'm late.
Chris: Itdoesn'tmatter.
.,. to describe things:
It isn't expensive. It's cheap.

We form questions with be in the Present

Simple like this:
QUESTIONS

It's an old film. Itisn't very good.

These photos are bad.r

Plural

(For other uses ofbe, see unit 1.)

We often use there + be (e.g. there is, there

are) to talk about where things are:
SINGULAR:

PLURAL:

1J

Singular Am 1

Are you
late?
,
he/she/it
Are we
Are you
late?
Are they

l
J

Here are questions with all the forms ofbe:

Am I late far the film?

Are you twenty years old?
Is he at home now?
Is she French or talian?
Is it time to go home?
Are we re ady to lea ve?
Are you both atuniversity?
Are they in London today?

There's a supermarket in this

street.
There is a telephone in the
flat.
There are sorne good cafs
in the centre of the town.

Practica
A

Make sen ten ces about the pictures using the words in
the box. Use He/She!Theyand the Present Simple of be.

He 's
_cold
_ _ _ __

She's thirsty_._

He's hungry

ti red
hungry

sad
thirsty
bored afraid

2 They

happy
cold

they're tired

PAGE

B Use there+ beto saywhat we can and cannotfind in thetown of Smallwood.

are
4 \banks: 6) - there
- --- - six banks.
there's
5 (a luxury hotel: ,/) __________
a

O (a .:inema: .1) _Tuere's . a cinema.

O (---arive-r---) _:"he re '!__ a rivcr.
O (restaurants: IO} _here are_ ten restaurants.
O
anyn1u.-.eums.
there isn't

ae-astle.

luxury hotel.
there isn't
6 (a-theatre-) -------atheatre.
there are
7 (newsagen1s:6) -----sx

newsagents,

are- 2) - there
--

2 {baker'ss:hops:
t\vo baker's shop.,

there aren't

8 ("-flhIDy--tmu'ists-) - - - - __ many
tourists.

there's
3 (a zoo:,/') __ -----. a zoo.

C Write questions by putting the wo-rds in brackets ( ) in the correet order,

O (thirsty-you-are)
---------- _
Are you a teacher?
1 (a teacher -you - are)
Are they bored?
2 ( they bored- are)
Is he afraid?
5 (is-afraid-he)
Is she tired?
4 (she-tire<l-is)
How
are you?
5 (are-you--how)
It is cold today?
6 (cold today-it-is)

7 (she-Spanish-is)

Is she Spanish?

8 (they- from London

Are they from London?

Writequcstions usingthe words in brackets ( ) and a form of be,

Ql!ESTIONS

O (you/Spanish)

ANSWE!tS

No, I'm French.

__ - - - --- _. __ ?

1 (youhungry) ---- - - - - - - - - __ ?

2 (sbelyoursister)----- __ -- .-- .-- _?

3 (I/Iate)

.-- ---? -

4 {they/from America), _------ ---- --- ---- ---- _?

5 {heatennis.player) __._ _ ._ - - - _ . __
6 (youlhappy) _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - 1 7 {she/athome)------- ......- - ___ ? 8 (he/twentyl ,.---

--- - -

No, I'm thirst)'.

No, she's my mother.
No, you're on time.
No, they'refroin Canada.
No,he'sa footballeL
No, 1'm sad.
No, she's at work.
No, he's eighteen years old.

Put forms of be in these conwrsations.

Steve: Ths
Joan, my sister.
Tom: Helio, Joan.
__ you a student?
Joan; No, J !._ - - a dentist rwork in Brighton.

1v1ike: How are you, Sally?

Sally: 1 '1__
thanks.
lv1ike: 4_ _ _ _ you hungry?
SaUy: Yes.
there a good restaurant near here?
1\like: Yes, There "- - - a restaurai1t in Wellington StreeL
The food is good and it 7_ _ _ _ very cheap.
PAGE

3 Present Simple (1) (Iknow, 1 don'tknow)

1 \Ve form the Present Simple like this:

>Jow look at these examples Qf the negative:

I don't like that music.

, POStTl\'E

He doesrlt listen to his teacher,

: Singular 1know,
Youknow.
He/she/it knows.
\Veknow.
'{ouknow.

Plural

NEGAflVE

1 do not know.
You do not know.
He/she/it
does not know.

Theyknow,
J know the amwer.

1watch-t

theygo ... itgoes

Note that we say:

Hedoes not know. (Not HedfleS notlmews.)

sh, or -ss, we add

do ....;be do es
wewash-tshev."8.shes !

We use the Present Sitnple:

t- to talk about things that happen regularly:

If a verb ends in a consonant (b, e, d etc.) -i-y

\e.g. study), weuse-iesafter he/she!it:

---

1 study-; he studies

f-Iedoesn'tknow
Vv'e d-0n't know.
Youdon'tlmow.
1'hey don;t kn-0w.

You do notknow.
They do not know.

\Ve add-s after he/she/it:

O,

You don't know.

Wedonotknow.

She starts work at 9,30.

If a verb ends in
-es after he/she/it:

5hortform
I don'l know.

Fullform

:)

--'--41',;'$-

1fly -t it ffies

'

,, .
He plays golf evcry day.

(For more examples, see Table B, page94,)

to talk about facts;

She comes from France. (= She is French.)

(;reengrocers sefl vegetables.

I don't speak G'hinese.

............................................................................................................
Praetlce

Add-sor-esto the1>Trhs in thesentencesif it

necessary, puta tick {.r} in the gap.
inabank,
O Heworks

4 Weplay

tenniseveryweekend.

o They live:of_ in France.

5 They

on holiday inAugust

TV every day.

2 She

to work by car.

3 J'he film finish . _

B

at ten o' dock.

Ifit is not

6 He speak
o

' She do ....._

1talian and French.

her hornrn'Drk every night.

8 \\.'e start- ... wo-rk at 8.30.

Nowfinish these sen ten ces using a verb from the box. Use each verb once.
Rememberto add -sor-e.sif necessary.

tly
sell

o
o

study

fu1ish

smoke

drink

.....
live

He eats ....

___ toast for breakfast.

1 -

coffee three times a day.

Myfather _
everyyear.

a new language

3 She ..
OlOnth,

to New York once a

ten cigarettes a da.y.

He
5 They
in Ireland.
6 IJe_ -- work at six o'dock.
7 L
fruit n a shop.

PAGF 10

Write these sentences_, using the oegative fornt of the Present Simple.
O (He inotfl.ivci :i f,A-.'Xico)
l (She/nat/work/inabank)
:!

_____ti_c doe0.r''t :ive_:ri

- - - - - -
.- ________________ .

(I /not/play; golf;

__ __ __ __ _

__ __ __

3 {Paul
to the radio)
4 (\Ve /not/speak! French)
5 (You /notilisten/ to me:)
6

.:ar /notiwo1k)

7 (l /not/drink
8 (Sheila /not/eat/ meat)

9 (l :iotiunderst0nd/
D

Put i11 theverbs from the box. in the Present Simple. Use each verb on,e.
-- - - - - - - - -
lail'Ve
watch
start
af"Ve gef.
bru&h
eat
lmve
lke
4t-op
G.cink g-0
-
-- - - - -

""""

'

jitn:

Ho\-v doyou ,start the day, Jim?

'"\'ell, I '!.
- - up at six ,,'clock. l get washe<I and dresse<l, and
l : ________ breukfast at scve::1 o'dock. After brcakfasr, 11 _ _
____

toworkateght

lnterviewer: \Vl1en do you get to-....ork?

Iim:

I
I

_ - at n1y office atabout half past eight First,

__ "a cup of coffee, a...'ld then 1"'-- __ work ai S.45 am.

\'Vhere do you work?

JJn1:

I '.____ ___ ___ iI: abank. ram a con1puter opcrator.

l
- -- my job. It's: very interest:ng,
lnterviewcr; VV'hcn do you eat lunch?
Jim:

I9
I

--

____ ---

\vork and I have lunch at oneo'clock.

a cu_p of tt'a at half pa$t thrce,

lnte-rviewer: V\ hen do you fi_nish \\'Ork?

1

Jlln:

0._ _____

1'hen 1
E

thc office at six o'c!ock. l eat dinner when 1 gct home,

!2 _ _ _

T\1 for an houror tv.-o.

l:se the table to writc facts about Joan. A tick (./) mea ns that something is
true. A cross (,K_) mea ns that something is not true. Use theverbs in brackets.
..___._._.,

12
from Scoti.and .!
1 in a t1at /
1 fromEnglandX
1
inahouseX
- - - - - ---'-- - - {con1e;
1

'

(\-VOrk)

2 (live)

She

1
in a hank,t
inasho_p./

'4

French .!

, nev'ffiln1sX
: old films ./

lralian X

-- -- - - _in a hank. She __ - - - -- in a shop,

She_ -

_ _ .-

She

------

3 (spt'lk)
4

(iike)
PAGE 11

4 Present Simple (2) (Doyoudrive?)

1

\.Ve use the Present Simple:

.,. to talk about feelings:

For other uses of the Present Simple, see

un.it3 .

3 Vle form Present Simplequestionslike this:

QOESTJONS

Do
Does
Do
Do

Singular

I like pop tuusic. 1don't like classiml musc..

Plural

She loves.football!
Philip wants a nev car.
I don't want a i;up af tea, thanks.
He feels sick.

Do
that

I/you

he/she/it

we

kn

.?

ow,

vu . know?

hey J

put do before l!you/we/they:

Do you speak Spanish?

Do you work in the wi.vn centre?
Do they know the answer?

..,, to talk about thoughts:

\Ve put do es befo re he/sheJit:

Does he walk to work?
Does Steve enjoy his job?
Does she play the piano?
Note that we say:
Does he walk? (Not ---1Jee5-he uralks?)

1 don't think she likes her ncwJob.

l don't know the annver.
He doesn't understand 1ne

........................................................................

Practice

,_t\

\Vrite sentences about Peter. (,/ = like, ./,/ = love, X= not like, )()(=bate}
O (ten nis X)

He-

_ __

3 (hisjob./.f)

_ _ _ _www

(music .,/,./)

4 (fish XX

S tho-lidaysv""/"J _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
6 {golf X)

1 (coffee ,/) Jle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2 (filmsX) He __

Put the words from the box in the correct form in the gaps.
L'se each verb once.

: like

thcnk

not k.;ow
not like

--IDve-\vant

Present Simple.

fe el
not unders:and

O She thinks that films are

---------www

5he

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ films.

sick. Can I ha ve a glass of water please?

2 I don't know the ans-....er because I

________ tht' q11estion.

3 ____
--- he'stired.Heworkstoohard.
4 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that new painting. \\'ethink it's terrible!
5 I want to telephone Jane, but I
6 They're thirsty. They ..
7 1

her phone number.

___ something to drink.

your new car. lt'sverynce. Was it expensive?

PAGF: 12

Tbis is an i.ntcrview with J..tary \Voods about ht:nelf and her husband, fohn.
\Vritethe questions, usingthe ideas fron1 the box.
-- - - - - - like films
read books
listen to the radio

s1nnkc
likepop musi<:
'. l:Ke dogs

'

watchT\r
go to thethcatre
drinkcoffee
6peak any foreign languages

play a 1nusica] instrurnent

drive a cer

.JWffi HmWR-

__

-- -- - -- - -- - -QL'ESTlONS

AKSWERS

Doy_g:.__ iivc.J_n Lo,,:2Qn_._ - - - -- ? _ Yes, I li'le in north London.

No, but he plays tennis.

Yes, 1 speak French.
3 ------------

Yes, l like all the poogrammes on TV.

Yes, he
to the radio in the morning.

No, but he ]oves cats.

'

No, I don't likr flln1s.

6 7

- - -- -- - - - -

'

'tes, he has t\\'O cups in the mornir:g.

'

No, but I have a bicycle.

Yes, he plays the piano.
No, I prefer classk:al musk:,

'
!O

--

11

'

-- Yes, I !ove n1usica1s.

__ -

-- -- -- -- --

'

12

Yes, l :ead one book every>\'eek.

No, he doesn't like cigarettes.

D You are on h-0liday, and you are in a To1rrist!nforn1ation Centre. Ask

questions using the table bclO\\'".

r,---T----- e--------veu

\ Do

Does

he sports centre

al! tJ1e bank"

stop at the ralh-vay station?

ftnish befo-re
p-.111.!
start here?

the nu:nber 38 b11s

the restacrants

the ooncert
the s.ightseei11g tour

sel! :.ouvcnirs?
1 have a S\v1m:ning pool?

the museun1

rhange tourists' money i nto pounds?

>ervetypical English food?

__ __ the sports centre_ __ __ . - - __ . - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2
3

4
5
6
7

PAGE

13

5 PresentContinuous (1) (I'meating}

1 \'v'e fonn the Present Continuous like this:

=J
He re axe the forms of the Present
O:int.inuous:
1 POSJTIVE

; Full form

(For more details on the spel!ing of the -ng

form, see Table C. page 95.)

8hortform
l'm eating.

J am eating.
. You are eating.
: He/she/it is eating.
i We are eating.
You are ealing.
1 They are eating.

You'reeating
He's eating.
\\'e're eating.
You'reeating.
They're eating.

But no:ice these irreguJar spellings:

,----------get-+ getting
win-+ winning
&hop-+ shopping
sit-+ sitting
swi.m ... swimming
travel-+ travelling
1,
write-+ writing
dance-+ dancing
shine..,.. shining

\"ie use the Present C:ontinuous:

to talk aboutthings that an: happening nuw:

11>

; Nf'.GATIVE

Fullform
1 am not eating.
1
- Youarenoteating.
: Heisheit is not eating.
\Ve arenot eating.
'{ou
are not eating.
1
They are not eatiJ1g.
2

Shortfarm
I'm not eating,
You a:ren)t eating,
He isn't eating.
\\'e aren1t eating.
You aren't eatlng.
ley aren't eating.

ro makethe ingform, we add -ingto the

verb:

'!

.listen .... futening

work..,.

play-+ phtying

- read..,.

-1
..

__

.................................................................... .......................................
'

Practica

A Write out the sentences below. Pl1t thc verbs in the positi\'e or negative forms
of thc Prescnt Continuous. Use short forms (_e.g. I'm, I'm not).
O l (notiwork} at the bank now. I (stu<ly) French at uni-..'l?rsity.
ro<;. wor:kLtig,gt
:-:ow. r!!!__,fi'';>;J?J'.l!lg _
1 Look! He :11otfv.ork), He (listen) to music.

2 \\fe (win) the match, but we (not/play} weIL

3 She (not!rcad) a newspaper. She (write) a letter.

4 '[ou (\vatch) the TV. You (not/llsten) lo me!
--- ---- - - - - - - -

f>AGE 14

5 'fhey \not!get) ready. They (play) n1usic.

6 [ (study) Chinese, but I (notllearn) vecy iast.

B Look at these pii.l:ures.

Decide what s happcning {./} and what isn't happening (X) in each picture,

and then write positive or negative senteni;:es.

o
l

(George/eat/breakfast}

)(

(George/sleep l

./ 1 ...

George isr:'tea:.{ng_b'xaKfast. _
ia ;;lecF'irig,c._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

('I'hey/work)

(They/ sit/ in the garden)

2 (l/study!rnusii;:)
(I/learn/Japanese)
3

(He/play/ten11is)

(She/win)
4

(We/spend/a day at the seaside)

\Thesun/shine)

C Finsh the postcard using the words in brackets ( ) in the Present Continuous.
Use full forms (e.g. is sitting),
Dear Peter,

Jf"nny and [o are

\stay) here for a ;..;eck.

tshine) and it's vcry hot.
{s)t) on the beach and 1

(drink) an orange juicc,

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (nttswim) because we're

bothtired.
the sea at the n101nenL

Jim and Jenny

_____ (watch) theboatson

( travel) J.$t,

Present Continuous (2) (Am 1winning?)

4

1 Look at these questions:

Are yo u enjoying that drink, Ann?

Is he watching TV at the moment?
Are theyworking hard?

rn 'English, we cannot say:

J'm liking-temtiso

+m kH(Vttg ytifir si5W;\Ve say:

I like tennis,
2

We form Prs.ent Continuous questlonslike

this:

Prcsent O:u1tinuous:

QVESTJONS

Singular Am l

'L
j

Plural

Are you
Is
shelhe/it
Are we
Are you
Are they

J winningl

---

Here are three common Present Continuous

questons. They alln1ean 'How are you?':

How's it goingt
How are you getting on?

are you doing?

cire

do;og?

lJ' winning?

Hello.Hi>W

l knaw your sister:

W.;o do not usually use these verbs in the

...,, ,)
.,:;,

) . . _ '1

1hink and have

\Ve cannot say:
-J-'.m-thmkmg it's goed.
Wesay:
I think it's good.
{=In my opinion, ifs good.)
But we can say:
She's thinking about the film we strv..
(""" 1he film is in her mind now.)
\Ve cannot say:
.J-!m JtaYing a ticket.
\Ve say:
I ha.ve a tifket. (= I possess a ticket.)
But we ran say:

l'm ha.ving breakfast.

(= I'm eati11g breakfast.)

..................................................................................... ......................
Practice

A Make questions byputting thewordsin brackets ()in theright order.

(enjoying-yoUTWOfk-you-are-?)

{she havinglunch-is-?)
2 (you-are-feelingsick-?)
3 (playingfootball-are-they-?)
4 (thecat-sleeping - is - ?)

W0(5.f

_(\':'f}_YQU

------------

------------------

------

---------------

5 (relaxing-are-you-?)

6 \the sun-is- shining-?)

7 (he-is-coming-tothecinema-?)

---------- - - -

8 {listening-are-- they-?)
9 (eating-atthemoment -she-ls- ?)
10 (it-raininghard-is-?)
11 (I-gettingbetter-attennis am-?)
12 (are-winningtherr1atch-we ?)

Pi\..GE 16

Make questons and answers. Use the Jlresent Continuous.

A>'S'A'FR,S

O (she/;vorklin Peru this ycar?)

(:>o, she/study/in iexico)

tic..
..

Is she w-::rk,.,,g ,,, Peru th,s :::ear? ____

(you/study/F.nglish at the rno:nent?:

2 (thcy/listen/to the radio?)

3

(No, they/play/ CDs)

C'.t"l:'S, hcfhavca bathJ

;Pcn::r}\\'ash/no\v?)

4 '. tbey:live/n t-..fadrid at the n1on1ent?)

:

('{es,

'.Da,,-idtsh1giin a group this y.;ar?)

(No, he/\vorkJin a restaurant)

Puta tick {/':J nexttoa correct sentence, anda cross {X) next to a wrong sentence.

o
o

She's liki:ig pop n:usic.

5 lie's having lunch at the moment.

i .,..

Hc's le<:rning Frcni:h.

6 Shc's c<l.ting a banana.

1 They're enjoying the tilm,

2 \\'!"'re loving i.:::e-crean1.

8 'Huge' is meani11g 'vt'rybig'.

5 She's bclit'ving he 's rght.

9 ;vii;k is knov.:ing Jane.

(Yes, l/w-ork/hard)

john's thinking about my idea.

10

1'111

feeling sick.

She's hatlng

___

music.

Complete tl1is corrversation. Use the verbs In brackets ( ; in the Present Continuous.

Paul: Hi Stevcl '\Vhal a.re you doing?

Steve:

:':-r-: going

............ - l f/gol to rhe hank. VVhat are you cioi:1g?

-------------------- ( f/;:,hop

netv tennis ra;;quct. >

). 1

tOr a
{lJplay} a lot of ten nis at thc

n101nent, and l need a nt';v ract1ueL

St-cve: \Vbere is Jackii:? Dovou kno\v?

(She/>vork)

Paul: Yes. She tsn't in Engla:id at the n1on1ent

in Francc for a month.
Steve: \\1lat

in Fr.1nct'?

Paul:

nigtr;.-club.
(they/do)?

Steve: Reallv? \Vhat abot:-t Fred and Suc-?1\'hJt'e _ __

Paul:
librnry at the momc-nt.

Stc;>ve: Ilovv is your si, ter?

Paul:

she ali righr?

Yes, shc's fine, but

tired.

9_ _ _

___________ (\Vc/pa'.:>C thc

living-room. lr's hard >vork.

Stcvc: Ca;, I help you?
Paul:

No, it's OK, ,\1y fa:her

_______

(help).

Steve: \o\'ell, [ hotf<" you find a gooJ racquet.

PAGE 17

7 Present Simple (I work) or Present Continuous

(I'mworking)
1 C:ompare the Present Simple and the- Present Continuous:

Prcsent Sin1ple

Prcscnt Continuous

We use the Present Sicnple to talk about

'regular' or 'usual' things:

are happening now ('ternporary thngs):

\V"e use the Pre$fnt Contjnuou.s forthings tht

My bro-thcr is working in Par is this month.

Toni isspeakngon tl<e phoneat the moment.
Pete: l\1here are yo u gong?
Mary: I'm going to the super1narket.

She work.s in a school. She's a teacher.

Jane speaks French and Spanish.
I go to the rinetna every ;,veek.

Ir raim a lot in lWilrch.

Bill: \Vhat'5 Tom doing this week?

)oe: l1lhat dQe:s Tom do?

Sue;
2

a doctor.

Sara: He's skiingin Switzerland.

\Ve do not usually use thr.-se verbs in the Prese-nt Continuous:

think

lovewant
bate
remember
mean
Torn: Do you likethis book?
Pam: ls, 1 think it's gaod. lNot

believe)

understand

iiking

Practice
A

Put the w-ords in brackets in the Prescnt Simple or Present Continuous.

O Peter: \'\''hat ...
(you/(io}?
(finish) my homework.

1 John:

2 Stevc:

How

3 Mary:

Sh--

4 Paul:

\\'hat_...

5 Jill'

An apple. t'sdelicJous! I

6 Carlos: Look! It

7 Hans:

_ _ _ _ _ _ (youJeat;?

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ (love:i apples.
_ _ _ (snow).

lt - - - - - - - - - - (snow) everyyear in my country.

8 Sheila: '\Vhat
9 Jlill,

(y{1ur sister!travel} to \vork every day?

_ _ _ _ ( take; the bus.

I-

_ _ _ _ _ (Joanna/do)?

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ (think) she'sanactress, hutshc

_____ (work) in a restaurant tl1is month.

PA(;.E 18

This is Anna's first letterin English to David, There are so me mistakes., Rewrite
wrongverb fmms. Puta tick (i/l if thevcrb fonn is correct.
Dear l)avid,

llive"_.f _ _

in a largeflat in Rn1e. I'm hving

two sisters. They are called Rosa and Maria. We

are gettingup

---

and \\'ehave '-

at seven o'clock every morning,

-----

coffee and :a small breakfast.1 leavc:

------

- - the flat at eight and waik to the university. I am

- - - - classes at five cvery day, an<l l arrive
- - hon1e at six. This n1onth 1 work

'

--------- - very hard for my first exams.

A: the monlent, Jeat 7_ _ _ _
- - - - - - breakfast in the kitche:1 of

our flat, my mother drinks

ooffee, and my sisters

magaz1nes.

On 5aturday afternoons I am playing !Q__

with my friends, or J go

_ tenns

------to the cinema. Today, l'n1

11

going to StX' a new English film. Son1etimes l amwatching

__American f.lms on TV, hut I'm not

understanding i J - - - -

- - - - the words! Are you Uking

Please \V'rite to me soon.

\Vith best wishes,
Aluta
C

Write sentences. llse tbe Present Simple or the Present Continuous.

O (UsuaUy she/work/at the office, but thls week she/work/at ho1ne)
USu'-'.,ly she works kit th(}_ off!ce, bot_thie V11eek

wo:King at

1 (Younot/eat/very much at the mo1nent 1\re yoc ill?)

---------

---

2 (She!knowithree wor-ds in ltaliani)

3 ( [/take/the bus to work this vietk, but usually l/\\':llk l
4 (I/stu<ly!Ja_panese this year. ll's ver y difficulL)
5

(you/watch/the telcvision at the moment?)

6 (I/notlremember/the name ofthe hotel)

7 {She/spcakithree langu<1ges)

8 (The sunishine/. It's a beautiful day!)

f'AGE 19

8 Imperative (Go, Don'tgo)

3 \\'e use tho; in1peralve:

'1

Go. Help. Come. \Vait.

\\e ti'><:' th.: irnper ativc :ike thl5:
Come1n! Havea,;up oj'tca.
Turn h:fr Rt the post ciffitc,
Don't toucli! Jt':; hot

"' to give nstructions:

1Urn rrght at the corrier.

Do11't forget yoi1r prrss'wrt.
"" to givr warnings:

Look out.' There's a carco1ni11g.

Be careji.1/.1 That box is very hcavy,

tht' impcrativc is one

bntoften we give more information:
Help!

to give advice:

Have a rest. You look lircd.

Take a cvat. lt's cold today.

Help nu.:!

Don't see thatfiltn. f t 's u:rrib/ef

to ask pt'ople t1J<lo things:
Come i11 pler.se, and sit dowrL
Listen to this sung. lr'5 '1'0tuiertUL
the butrer, pleasr:,

Hclp n1c ivith tn;v suitcasc.

\\e -.:an -.ay please after an imper-ative to b,..

r:;ore polite:

Hclp tne tvith n1y sui1e11se, picase.

Hurry up, picase. \'t'C'rc late.
Come iierc, picase.
Listen to n1e,
2

,.. to makc offers:

IJave anv1l1er orangr: Ju ice.

Make yourscif:t cur oj"C<:/fee.
,.. to 'wish' thing.s:
Ha-ve a good lti['i
Rave a nice holiday!

use Do notor Don't like this:

Don't be late.

\\'e

Don't forget yaur bcoks!

Don't wait ,ft nle.
\\'e norn1ally use lhe shDrt for:n Don't .

.................................................................................................., ........ .
Practica

..\

con1plete scntenccs byfillingthe gaps with phrases from the box.

lJse each phrase once.

rurn lcft

Con1e in

!lelpn1e!

Havc

Don't listen

();>er;

Come

Catch

Don't .vait

[Jon't forget

Stop the c.>r!

Don't ::ie late

1a1'.e

forme. I'n1 nut con1ing tonght.

an un1brella \\'th you. It's raining.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a rest. You look tired.

_____ at thc cnd of the roa d.

r can't sv.n!
_ _ _ _ _ _ to ta',.;:e your passporL
There's a cat in thc road.
_________ to r:J}'?arty, please.
- - your books a:: page 84.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ the salt, please.

________ to that record.

te:rible.

The bus leaves a: 9 o'c'.ock.

_ _ _ _ _ and have a g]ass ofle1n0nade.
the first 1ra1n in thc morning.
f'AGI 20

B Steven is writing a letter to a friend. Put the verbs in the box into the gaps.
wait

make
20, Sea Parade
Brighton

DearPaul,
and see me next weekend. I'm staying in a house by the sea. Don't
_______ to bring your swimming costume with you! lt isn't difficult to find the house.
-=-

When you get to the crossroads in the town, 2

3_ _ _ _ _ _

right and drive to the end of the road.

careful beca use it is a dangerous road!

4- - - - - -

sorne warm dothes with

you because it is cold in the evenings here. Ifl am not at home when you arrive, don't
6_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

forme. The key to the house is under the big white stone in the garden.
the front <loor and 7_ _ _ _ _ _ _ yourself a cup of tea in the kitchen!

_ _ _ _ _ _ a good journey!
Best Wishes,
Steven

What are these people saying? Look at the pictures and match the words in
the box to make imperatives.

right.
out!
Turn
-Hd
Don't
Don't forget
Listen

an orange juice.
your umbrella.
in.
to me!
the milk,
touch it!

o
1
2

3
4

5
6
7

8
PAGE 21

9 Be: Past Simple (I was, theywere)

1 \Ve form the Past Simple of be like this:

\Ve use was/were when we are talking about

the past. Look at these examples:

POSITIVE

Singular I was
'i:'ou were

'

Plum!

John.F. Kennedywa$an Arnerican

presiden t.
Our first house was in the centre aftWn.
A: Were yeur anstters correct?
B: No, they were aUwrong!
Pauia wasn't the first person at the party.

'

HeJsheiit was
We/you/thevwere

1 NEGATfVE

was/were+ facts about the past:

1'

'

Shott form
wasn1t

Fuil fortn
Singulnr I was not
Youwerenot

was/werc + place an<l time:

He/sbe/

itwasnot

Plural

wasn't

We/you/

She wasn't

theywerenot weren't
QUESTlONS

Was
f
Were you

----

at home

-=-1

last n1ght.

-----'

Georgc and foanna weretft in L<Jndan at

the weekend. The,y were in Brighton.
Steve and A-tary were her.t at six o'clock.

J right?

Was he/she/it
Were \\'efyoufth:y,... right?

----

He re are sorne e:xamples \.vith was and were:

I was in New York last week.
\1/C were at home J'esterday evening.
They weren't late this rnorning.
Was tagood film?

was/were + adjective (e.g. rold, ti.red):

Itwas cold yesterday.
They were tired afrer the journey.
The train. was late again this rnorning.
A: Were your exams ea.sy?
B: The first exarn waseasy, bue the
01'/C

wa.s:n't.

....................." ......................................................................................
Praotlce

A Put these sentences into the past, Use the Past Simple.
TODAY

o
l
o

J'm athome.
Jane and Ml<:hacl are tired.
She's in thepark.

3 It's asunny day.

4 You're late.

YESTE.RDAY

------

- - -..--. ----.. - - - - ----------

----------

---

They aren't hungry.

6 We aren't at 'vork.
o

'

J'rn thlrsty.

g You arcn't at schooH

9 \Ye-' re at the cinenm,

10 Paula isn't happy.

Everyone is excited.
12 l'm not afraid,
ll

t>AGE 2-l

l>tfary spent last weekend in Madrid. Ask her somc questions using was or were.

(your hotel/goQdf}
1 {your room/.co1nfortable? l
2 tthe weuther/nice?;

Wae YQ_'..Jr hotel

-------

3 (the streets!full of people?l

4

(the shopslexpcn&ive? J

5 (!he tity/exciting at nlght?)

-------

6 (the museurnsfin1eresting?)
7
people/friendly?)
S
C

George and Sally have been married for 50 years. 'fhey are talking about their first
house. Use was or werc anda >vord from the box to complete their conversation.

ne\v - Itaiian
[ cheap --ootd-

George: TI1e gardn \Vas sn1all.

No,it _ _
SaEy:

2 Sally:
George:
3 {;eorge:
Sally:
4

green

-George: The house wa& "''arm.

No, it
ca _ _
Sally:

big
bad

Sa:ly:

Thc ne:ghbours \vere Fren.:h.

No, tliey

roorr1 was red,

'fhe
No, it _

_ _ _ __

Our first chairs wc:e expcnsive,

Gcorge: No, thcy _____

5 C:reorge: 1he kitchen \V-as old.
Sally;
No, it
---- _

6 Gevrge. 'l'he local shops wcre good.

Soily;
?\io, they ---"

Put was, wasn't, were, or weren'tin the gaps in these conversations.

Pcter:
)ulie:

Pal!I at\''orktoday?
No, he_,___
..... in the offici:, l thi:1l<: he's sick..

\Vas

Henry:

Steve:

Yes. I 3_ _

----

I4
Paula:

1nu in South America \ast year?

_ ___

in Bolivia on business, and then my .vi.c an

Brazil for a holiday.

at home in Londorr last week, \:\:e 1:__

Philip and J

a;: l\1ike's house ir. Cornv.'all lt \\as lovely there, Do yo u know :Vlike?

Yes, I 7

a
1-\1u!a:

at i\.1ikc's party in Oxford iH thc sumrr.er.

_ you there?

------

No. wc weren't there. Philip and I-Y___

in Portugal in the summer.

P.3.GE 23

10

PastSimple (Iplayed,ldidn'tplay)
3

1 "\ll the verbs in this conver:.atin are n the

Pa'.\t Simple:
Tun1: t VC visted 1.\'e;v I.1rk last yci!r. i i'e

Wlany Past Srnple verbs end ;n

regular

wa1k -t walked
work-t worked

sta) ed in u
hotel. But K'
spent afl our 111011ey in nvo 1vccks.
1

An11:

Did yo u see Jane rhere?

, cry-+cried

\Ve forrn the Pas1 Simpl:" like this:

The Past Sirr.ple of so:ne verbs is irregular;

, come-; carne
' eat-+ate
have-thad
1 take-t took

He/she/it
, walked.
\Veiyou/they J
Ni'.:liAT!VE

Short forn;

Full,form

/ l/you
l-ie_lshe/it
\'/eiyoulthe-y

didnot
walk,

.- ]/VO'.l
J
Did
heshe/it

:Fur more irregtJar verbs, .see "fable E, page 96.)

5

1,

1 v.alk?

l \Ve/you/they J

dt>-todid
go-+went
make..+made
wrte-+ wrote

didn't walk.

QtTES":IONS
!

stop_, stopped

\For rnore information, see l'ablc D. page 95.)

POSlTIVE

l!you

play..., played
cook-+ cookcd

Sorne chaJ1ge thcir speUing before

tve saw .;\1tke.

To1n: 1\Itt, 1ve didn't see hc1;

(theyare

):

\\'e use tl':e Past Simple to talk<l.bout things

vvhich happencd in the past, oten with
ex?tessions like two years ago, last month,
yesterday, to give particular dates ar time.s:
1 went to Spain two years ago.

She left her Job last year

.................................................... .......................................................
'

Practice

A Tick (,/) the correct Past Simple forms, and

Simple forxns. \'ou can lookat Table E on page %
\-1<'alhd ,/
dr.i11ked
takffi.
wrote
cooked
drank
asked
t1e-.v
gave
n"iceted
took
ir.et
passed
stop<:d
\\"Oll
cryed
c0m.ed
kved
s>vilr.med
cried
\Vorked

"'1W

begi::ined

QUt all the wrong Past

bcfore you do
exercise.
played
gived
madt>
;et_

follo>ved
drove
stopped
ca me

writed
spent
scrideC
found
sent
bought
ate
did

swam
fi:1ded
buyeci
winned
eatcd

brought
forgot

Choose a verb fron1 tbe box and completeeacl1 sentence. Put theverb in the

Past Simple. Use each verb once.

! .-isit
send

\Vo::kflay
take

O I _2:ayed

1 She
2 Paul _

drrnc

. '
\Yin '

at the dubyesterday evening.

vcry hard for her exa111s.

____ me postcar<l fron11\1orocco.

PAGE 24

3 She_ - - ___ hernewt:arfroml,ondontoSouthampton.

4 I _ - ___ n1ybrotherinMadridlastn:onth.
5 l'hetrain _______ at the stat:ion at ten o'clo;;:k yester<lay evening.
6 l'he Frt<nch tearn __ --- __

7 \\'e _

the match.

__ _ a lot of _photographs on holiday Jast ycaL

C PauJ always goes to ltaly for his holidays. But Jast year hewas ill when he
arrved. He stayed in hed. Write sentences about the things he didn't do, as in
the-example. Use tbephrases in the box and theverb:s in brackets l ).

rin- - - - - - - - - - - - - any
- - - - - -his-Italian
---
the mountair.s
new friends

the museums in Fioren.;:e

football on the beach
in the local restaurants
L_ -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -- - -

(go)

(eat)

"'

{play)

( 'A'alk)

(imprnve)

(meet)

6 (see}
D

Make questions from these statements. Start your questions \vith Did, ..
O You went on holiday in the sumn1er.
Shc bought a new table.
2 He >Vorked in LonC.on,
3 "fhey played tennis yesierday.
4 iami:s cooked the dl11ner,

5 She

a present to Anne.

6 Paul left the officc at si.x o'clock.

7 You p<isse yourexa!ns.

8 She drovc to Scotl.an.

E Jane lived in Spain for ayear. Put Past Simple fornH> of the verbs in the box
i11to the gaps. Use each verb once.

stay

.Jlc

start
find

------

return work :
1
!ive
leave

-- --- - - --- ---

At the beginn.ing of last ye ar, Jane

---- ------ in an

to Madrid. She
near !ht city centre for ten n1onths, She

---ir. a clothes shop. Aftcr a couple of weeks Jane

'- ____ .agoodlanguageschool,and;;oshc'!..
_ _ _ to
improve her Span.ish. A.fter ten
she

6.. _

r --

---- - -

--

Jane

Madt:C., and

in a sn1all town near the sea for two months. 1hen shc

Englar.ci
PAGE 25

11

Present Perfect ( 1) (1 have gone, 1 haven't gone)

1 We form the Present Perfect like this:

She has

''

finished. __

Fullfonn
: I/you have a:rrived
: HeJshe/ithasarrivOO:
\Velyoulthey have arrived

Shortform
l've arrlvOO
he1s arri:ved
>ve've arrived

NEGATIVE

Full jOrtn
I/you have not arrived
He-/ sheiit hasnotarrved
Weyou/
they ha ve not arrlved

,-

\'Ve use the Present Perfe.::t:

._. to talk about recent actions:

POSl"TfVF

(Regularpast particples: see Table D, page 95.)

(lrregularpast participles: see Table E, page 96.)

--,

-----------have+PAST PARTJCIPLE

Short forrn
haven't

Aune has arrived home.

From 18.10 to 18.20, Ai1ne hada shov1..-er,
, Atl8.21,wecansay:
She's hada shmver.
from 18.30 to 19.00,1\nne ate her dinner.
At 19.01, we.::ansay:

Shc's eaten her dinner.

-:

PAST

PAST

SlMPLE

PARTJCIPLF

I went

At 1.8,01, we can say:

havent

irregular:

......

hasn't

The pastparticiplecan be reguJaror

regular (+
play
1played
1: travel 1travelled
'
: irregular
: meet
Imet

At 18,00, 1\nne arrived horne.

to talk about our lives:

l have played

1have travelled

I've sailed across the ,4tlantic.

J've seen gorilias in Africa.
1haven't danced the Flamen<o .

Ihavemet
Ihavegone

.Practice
... ...... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ....... .. .... ... ....... ....... ...... ............. ...... ....... ....... ..
,l\

lJse short forms {J've seen, she's gone) of the Present Perfect to make positive senten ces.
O (He/losehis passport) ..

lopt his

1 (We/finish/ our work) .. _ _ _ _ _ __

___
--

- - - -..----------

2 (They/buyianewhouse)--
3 (I/visitiKew York:Jfve tirnes) _ _

4 \They/go/to tl1e cinema) _ _ _ __

5 (You/eat/fuurbananas!)
Now use short forms to make negative Present Perfect sentenas.
O (She inot/see/her sister)
6

(l/notido/any homework this week)

7 (They/not/phort/thedoctor) _ __
8 (You/not/taketanypbotographsj _ _ _ _ _ __

9 (He/not/make/aoymistakes) _ __
10 (We/notlwatch/anytelevlsiontoday) _ _ _ _ __
PAGE 26

(,,omplete thesedia1ogues, us1ng thewords in the box in the Present Perfect.

Use short furms.
not eat
lose

ha ve

notdrink
go

not finish

'

''

O A: Can l speak to Paula, please?

B: l'n:i sorry. She's !eft
l

A: VVhere's Mike?

B He ..

- - - --- to the bank.

2 A: Would you like to come for a walk?

B: No, thanks. \Ve're tired and we __

anylunch.

3 A: Have you seen Mary and Philip?

B: No, they ___.
_ _ home fron1 work.

4 A: Is thc cat in the garden?

B: Yes, she is. l,__

- - - the door, but she doesn't want

to con1e in to the house.

5 A: Are you coming home now?

_ _ _ _ my\vork.

B: No, J'm goingto be late, I--

6 A: You ...

- - - - - - - your coffee!

B: No. lt's too hot and you've put sugar in it

7 A:[_...

- - my ,;:amera!

B: Oh no! Was it very expensve?

8 ..\: Areyou feelingbetter?
B: Yes, thanks, l....._

- - - - - - a cup of teaand a bath,

James is talking about his life. Put the rorrect past participles in the gaps.
l've

- seen

_,

:see) a lot ofbeautiful places in my life, and l've

t do) a lot of interesting things. I've 1

in North ru1d South Arncrica, forexample. f've 1-

ftravel)
{ visit) aU the

bg American tit es, J've 1________ {drive) a ero&.;;

I haven't

_ _ _ _ (be} to Argentina, but I'

...

___

_ _ _ _ ( work) in Peru

and Bolivia. I've ?,,__ ---- (stay) in expensive hotels and in verycheap
hotels! I've

__ (swim) in the Pacific Oc.;an, the Atlantic Ocean,

and the Mediterranean sea. I've"

..... ( wrte) thousands of

postcards to my frlendsand my family! I've '.!:l.___

restaurants in Paris, and I've 11

_(eat) in the best

(sing) Italian songsin Ron1e _

_ _ _ _ {haveJ sevenor eight holidays in Spain, and I've

" _ _ _ _ _ \]ive)J11Portugal, I haven'r

___ (rnake) much

money inmy life, but l've-"-- _ _ (meet) a lot ofinteresting people

and l've !?

(take ).a Jot of wonderful photographs!

PAGE 2/

12

Present Perfect (2) (Has she gone?); ever, never, yet, just

1 We forrn Present Perfect questions like this:

1

Singular Have
Plural

Has
Have

I/you
1 fi . h d?
he/she/it f ms e
we/you/they finished?

Have you eaten your sandwiches yet?

Maria hasn't sung her song yet.
Notice that we put yet at the end of the
sentence.

Here are sorne examples:

Has the tran left?

Have Paul and Mary seen your photos?
Have you read that book?
2

Notice that we put just before the past

participle (e.g. lost, left).

Have you ever been to Australia?

Ha ve you ever ea ten Ja panese food?
!'ve never learnt French.
She has never seen an elephant.
Notice the position of ever and never:

Have you
I have

ever
+ PAST
never

PARTICIPLE

ever been
never been

to Greece?
to Africa.

We often use just in positive Present Perfect

sentences. Just means 'a moment ago'. Here
are sorne examples:

She's just lost her watch.

Our plane has just left!

When we ask people about their lives, we

often useever atanytime):

When people talk about their lives, they

sometimes use never not at any time):

We use yet in questions and in negative

sentences. Yet means 'before now' or 'up to
now'. Here are sorne examples:

Gone and been

Look at the difference between these two
sentences:
He's been to Pars. He is now at home
again.)
He's gone to Pars. He is in Pars now.)
He's been means 'he has finished hs trip.'
He's gone meaos 'he has begun his trip'.

Practice
A Use the Present Perfect to make questions from the words in brackets ( ).
O (you/see/John?)
1 (you/be/to Canada?)

2 (they/cook/our breakfast?)
3 (Jane/make/any mistakes?)
4 (we/visit/ all the museums?)
5 (she/write/to her mother?)

Now ask Peter about his life. Make Present Perfect questions with ever.
O (you/be/to Jamaica?)
6 (you/drive/a Rolls-Royce?)
7 (you/visit/Buckingham Palace?)
8 (you/meet/a famous film star?)
9 (you/see/a whale?)
10 (you/be/to Kenya?)
11

(you/have/a Mexcan meal?)

PAGE 28

You are a policeman. You are watching a criminal and you are describing
what you see on your radio. Match the pictures with the words in the box.
Make sentences using short forms of the Present Perfect with just.

They/see/me!
He/enter/the house
They/enter/a wood They/look/at a map

o ..

He's jst entered the house.

He/meet/a friend
They/find/the money

Put words from the box into the gaps in these dialogues.

O A: Have you written to John

B: Yes, I've

finished a letter to him. I'll post it today.

1 A: I've been to Canada, but l've . .

been to America. Have you?

B: No, but my brother has

to New York. He carne back

last week. He said it was great.

2 A: Are you coming home now?
B: No, I haven't finished my work _ _ _ _ __
3 A: Can 1 speak to John, please?
B: I'm sorry. He's

to Birmingham. He will be back

tomorrow. Can you ring again tomorrow?

4 A: Haveyou

been to Lisbon?

B: No, l've been to Spain, but I've

5 A: Have you seen Steve --

B: Yes, l've

visited Portugal.
?

_ had lunch with him.

6 A: Can you wait forme? I haven't eaten my lunch

B: OK, but we must go in ten minutes.

PAGE 29

13

Begoingto (I'mgoingtoleave)

1 We form sen ten ces with be going to like this:

I'm not going to play ten nis today.

be going + to + INFINITIVE

It is going

to

POSITIVE

Iam
He/she/it is
We/you/they are
NEGATIVE

Iam

He/she/it is
We/you/they are
QUESTIONS

Am
Is
Are
1

The negative short form is I'm not going to:

With he, she, it, there are two negative short
forms:

snow.

He/she/it isn't going to come.

He/she/it's not going to come.

1
J going to leave.

With you, we and they, there are also two

negative short forms:

You/we!they aren't going to come.

You/welthey're not going to come.

1J not going to leave.

1
s

I
he/she/it
going to start?
we/you/th_ey_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Note that we usually use the short form of be

('m, 's, 're):

They're going to leave.

He's going to spend a week by the sea.

We use be going to for the future. We use it:

.... to talk about things we have decided to do
in the future:
A: What are you going to do tomorrow?
B: I'm going to visit Paul in Brighton.
A: Are you going to drive?
B: No, I'm going to take the train.

.... to predct the future, using information we

knownow:

Look at that blue sky! It's going to be hot.

I've eaten too much. I'm going to be ill.
Look at the time. It's two o'clock. They
aren't going to come now.

Practice
A Paul has decided what he's going to do in his life. Complete the sentences, using short forms of be
going to and the verbs in brackets ( ).
O I'm.gQirJg to study_ _ _ _ _ _ _ (study) musicat university.
1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (travel) all over the world.
2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not/work) in an office.
3 1
4

(marry) a very rich woman.

(have) eleven boys.

(become) a football team.

(win) the World Cup.

7 1
8 Mywife
9

(play) the piano every night in a cafe.

(not/cook) or clean.
(eat) in restaurants every day.

B Write positive sentences with short forms of be going to and the words in brackets.
O (I/see/a film tonight)

__fm_going to see a film tong_ht_._ _ _ _ _ _ __

1 (She/buy/a newcartomorrow)
2 (They/work/hard this year)
3 (It/rain/this afternoon)
PAGE

30

Write negative senten ces with short forms of be going to.

O (They/not/catch/that train!)
fhey're not

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

4 (PauVnot/drive/to Scotland)
5 (We/not/finish/it today)
6 (She/not/buy/a new house)
Write questions with be going to.
O (you/have/a holiday this year?)

Are yQ_ld_gong ."l::9. have a holdayj;hs

__

7 (they/win/the match?)
8 (Mary/leave/her job?)
9 (you/take/the exam in June?)

C Keiko is Japanese. She's going to spend a week by the sea in England. Ask her
sorne questions. Use be going to, the verbs in brackets ( ), and the words in the box.
in a luxury hotel
a lot of English

to a disco
golf every day

fish and chips

(speak)

1 (play)

(take)

3 (swim)
4

-------------

(eat)

5 (stay)

6 (go)

--

----------------------

D Match the words in the box with the pictures, and write a sentence using
short forms of be going to.
lt/rain
They/eat/a pizza
They/not /play/tennis
He/not/win/the race 1
She/have/a swim
1 They/watch/a film
1 Heimeke/a pheHe aill
lay/the piano
.

--------

He's going to make a r-hone call.

2
3
4

60

6
7

',

'

PAGE 31

14 Will and shall (I will win)

3

1 We use will to talk about the future. Look at

this example:

We use will to talk about future facts, and

things that we think will happen in the future:

My father will be fifty years old tomorrow.

Jane will love your new dress.
He's a good manager. He won't make any
mistakes.
We also use will to ask about the future:

Will they win this game?

It's now five o'dock. I'll stop work at six.
2

We use I'll when we make a decision to do

something. For example, when the telephone
rings, we say:
I'll answer it.
Here is another example:

We make sentences with will like this:

+ INFINITIVE
. I will

stop.

..

A: Does anyone want to come with me tonight?

B: Yes, I'll come.

We use 1 will or 1'11, and 1 will not or 1 won't.

We usually use the short forms (1'11, he'll, 1
won't, hewon't) when we speak.

We use Shall 1 ... ? or I'll ... when we want to

do things for other people:

POSITIVE
1

1/he/she/it/you/we/they will/'11

OFFER:

NEGATIVE

I/he/she (etc.)

will not/won't

I
cojee?l
I'll make you a cup ofcoffee.

We use Shall we ... ? to suggest things that we

cando:

go.

QUESTIONS

Will

o F FE

I/he/she/it/you/we/they go?

SUGGESTION:

Shallweseeafilm

Practice

A Use the verbs in the box with will or won't to complete these dialogues. Use
short forms of willwhere you can.
take
wm

finish
make

O A: Are you coming to the cinema on Sunday?

B: I'm not sure. 1

you on Saturday.
A: Don't change your clothes now. We -- ______ late.
B: No, we won't. We

a taxi.

2 A: George is going to have a party at the weekend.

B: Why?
A: It's his birthday. He---..----..---- thirty on Saturday.
3 A: She

the tennis match tomorrow.

B: Whynot?
A: She - - -.. - - - -..---- mistakes. She always makes mistakes in important matches.
Steve
4 A:
B: No, he won't finish. He

the work tonight?

time.
PAGE 32

Put the best phrase from the box in each gap. Start your sentences with I'll.
phone far a taxi
give you the name of a language school
ask her to phone you tonight

help you to look far it

carry sorne of-themopen a window

gowith you
g1ve you sorne money
make you a sandwich

O A: I want to take these books home, but they're very heavy.

B:
1 A: I feel sick. It's so hot in this room.

B:
2 A: I want a cup of coffee, but 1 don't have any money.

B:
3 A: I'm hungry. I didn't have any lunch.

B:
4 A: 1 want to learn Japanese.
B: -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 A: I've lost my passport.

B:
6 A: It's ten o' dock. I'll be late ifl walk.

B:
7 A: I want to speak to Jane. It's very important.

B:
8 A: I want to go to the museum, but 1 don't know the way.

B:

Put Shall I or Shall wein the gaps in the dialogues.

O A: I'm hungry. Are you going to the shops?
B: Yes.

get you something to eat?

Shall 1

O A: We need a holiday.
B: What a good idea! ____,_,

__ go to Florida?

1 A: I'm going to get sorne tickets far the concert next week. -

_ _ _ buyyou one?

B: Yes please. I'd lave to come.

2 A:

go to a restaurant tonight?

B: OK, but I don't have any money. Will you pay far me?
3 A: I want to go to Italian classes, but I've never learnt a fareign language befare.
B:

come with you?

A: That's very kind of you.

4 A: Where is our meeting?
B: At John's office on Baker Street.
A:

. . walk ar take a taxi?

5 A: You look thirsty. _ _ _ _ _ _ get you a drink?

B: Yes, please. Can I have an orange juice ar sorne water?
6 A: It's a beautiful day!

have a picnic?

B: Wonderful idea! Who shall we invite?

PAGE

33

15

Present Continuous for the future

(He's working tomorrow)

1 Look at these examples:

John said to Tony and Ann:

I'm flying home tomorrow.

He's starting a new job on Monday.
Tony and Ann are coming at the weekend.

Would you like to come for dinner on

Sunday?
Tony and Ann said : Yes.

In each example, we are using the Present

Continuous (see Units 5 and 6), but we are
talking about the future, not the present.
2

John now says:

Tony and Ann are coming on Sunday.

3

Look at this example:

You bought a plan e ticket last week
You can now say:

PRESENT:

I'm flying home next week.

past

now

The important part of a Present Contnuous for

the future sentence is often a time or <lay (e.g.
nextweek, inJuly, tomorrow, onSunday):
FUTURE:
PRESENT:

future

FUTURE:

We use the Present Continuous to talk about

things we have arranged in the past to do in
the future.
Here are sorne more examples:

A bank wrote to Steven and

start work next week.
We can now say:

I'm leavingnow.
I'm leaving tomorrow.
We're havinga partyatthe
moment. Can I phone you
tomorrow?
We're having a party in July.

We do not use the Present Continuous for

future events that we cannot arrange or have
not arranged:
Not The sun is shiningtomorrow.

( The sun will shine... )

N ot The Irish team are ..t-inning next week.

( The Irish team will win next week.)

He's starting a new job next

......................................................................................
Practice
A Look at the past events in brackets ( ), and then write sentences using the
words in the box. Use short forms of the Present Continuous for the future.
I/fly/to Florida in August
I/study/English in Londo&in-May1/eat/ in a new restaurant tonight

l/go/to the
1/see/Mary
I/go/to a concert next Tuesday

O (You paid for an English course in London yesterday.)

1 (You booked a table ata new restaurant last week.)
2 (You bought a ticket for a concert last month.)
3 (You telephoned your doctor this morning.)

PAGE

34

(Yo u paid for a holiday ata travel agent's last week.)

5 (You talked to Mary on the phone this morning.)

B Mark is an explorer. Look at the things he has arranged to do. Match the
pictures with the words in the box. Write sentences about what he is doing next year, using the
Present Continuous. Say when he is doing each thing.
he/drive/across the Sahara
he/walk/across the
Antarctic
he/run/across/Africa
he/fly/over the Amazon
he/climb/Mount Everest
he/sail/across the Pacific

JANUARY

MARCH

JULY

MAY

SEPTEMBER

NOVEMBER

o
1

2
3

Finish these dialogues using the Present Continuous for the future, and the
words in brackets. Use short forms where possible.
O Steve:
Areyoudong
(you/do)anythingthisweekend?
Lynn:
1 Pete:

l'm 6eeing __ ............ (I/see) a film on Sunday. Do you want to come?

Jane, Joe and Sally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (come) to my

house on Friday night.

Mark: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (you/have) a party?
Pete: No, we aren't. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (We/play) cards. Would you like to come?

2 David: - - - - - - - - - (I/fly) to New York on Sunday.

Chris: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (you/see) John there?
David: Yes, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (we/meet) at the airport.
3 Philip: Mary and I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (drive) to Scotland next Wednesday.
Mike:

(you/stay) in Edinburgh?

Philip: No.
4 Paul:

(we/visit) my mother in Aberdeen.

(I/start) a new job on Monday.

Clive:

Really? What is it?

Paul:

- - - - - - - - - - (I/sell) cars. Do you need a new car?

PAGE

35

16

Have and have got

1 Look at this example with have:

-1

They always have breakfast at seven o'clock.

-

He/she/it

has

NEGATIV E

I/you/we/they don't have

He/she/t
doesn't have

QUESTIONS

Do
J/you/we/they l
Does he/she/it
f have ... ?

-- 2

--

Look at this example wth have got:

!'ve got three brothers.
POSlT IV E

l/you/we/they have got/'ve got

has got/'s got
He/she/it
NEGATIVE

1/you/we/they haven't got

He/she/t
hasn't got

/ 3 We can use have or have got:

.,. to talk about the things we possess:
We have a house in Spain.
We've gota house in Spain.
Paul doesn't have a car.
Paul hasn't got a car.
Do you have any money?
Have you got any money?
.,. to talk about our families:
jane has a brother anda sister.
f ane's gota brother anda sister.
.,. to describe people:
She has blue eyes.
She's got blue eyes.
Does your brother have long hair or
short hair?
Has your brother got long hair or
short hair?
.,. to say that we are not feeling well:
I have a headache.
!'ve gota headache.

Q UESTIO NS

Have l/you/we/ they 1

Has he/she/it
f got ... ?
L__

We use have (not have-got) to talk about

meals, and holidays, and with a bath, a
shower, a wash:
Do you normal/y have a big breakfast?
Have a good holiday!
She's having a shower at the mome11t.
I always have a wash befare I go out.

............................................................................................. .
A Write positive or negative sentences or questions, using have gotand the
words in brackets ( ).
O (shc/not/brown eyes)

_ She hasn't got

eyes.

l (he/a flat/in the town centre)

2 (you/a car?)
3 (T/not/a brother)
4 (shc/a headache)
5 (Steve/brown hair?)
Nowwrite sentences or questions using have in thc Present Simple
(have, has, don't have etc).
O (we/always/eggs/for breakfast)
We always have eggs for breakfast.
6 (John/always/aholiday in August)
7 (she/abath/everyFriday)
PAGE

36

8 (you/a shower/in the morning?)

9 (I/always/lunch/in the park)

10 (They/not/a swimming pool)
B Put the words in brackets in the correct order to complete the dialogues.
O (got- I've- two brothers)

(in Edinburgh- a flat-she's got)

A: Have you got any brothers or sisters?

two brothers.
B: Yes,
A: Does your sister live in Scotland?

B: Yes,
2 (you-got-have- a headache?)

A: What's the matter?

B: No, but I feel tired.

3 (blande hair - she- got-hasn't)

A: Jane's tall and blande.

B: No, you're wrong.

4 (have-you -do- a holiday everyyear?)

A:

B: No, 1 don't.
5 (he's- a shower-having)

A: Where's Michael? Is he ready?

B:
6 (a \.ar - I - gul-haven't)

No,

A: Are you guing to drive to Scotland?

B: No,

7 (you-dinneratseven?-have-do)

A:
B: No, we always eat at 7.30.

C Sorne of the sentences are wrong. Rewrite the wrong senten ces and tick (.!)
thecorrect sentenc.es.
O We've gota holiday in Mexico everyyear.

We have a holiday in Mexico

O Paul's gota sister in Scotland.

,/

_ __

She is tired, but she doesn't have a cold.

2 1 haven't got lunch every <lay.

3 Have you gota shower everyday?
4 Have you got an English dictionary?
5 Do you have a headache?
6 1 ha ve got a holiday in Spain every year.
7 We've gota large garden.
8 l've gota bath at ten and 1 go to bed at eleven.
9 They're havinggot dinner at the moment.
10 They've got two dogs.
11 Have got a good weekend!
12 Have you gota motorbike?

PAGE

37

17

Nouns, verbs, adjectives etc.

1 Look at this:
NO U NS

VERBS

ADJECTIVES

We put adjectives (e.g. wonderful) before

nouns:
We had a wonderful day.
We can also use adjectives after the verbs be,
look, seem, feel:
He's hungry. She looks tired.
Sometimes we pul very before adjectives:
lt's very hot today.
He bought a very expensive car.

We normally use adverbs to describe verbs:

She walked quickly. He sings well.
Most adverbs end in -Jy:

Steven bought an expensive, new car on Friday.

. . .

He dro/e it carefully to Manchester.

...
1

PRONOUNS

ADVERB

PREPOSITIONS

Nouns describe things or people or animals:

1

butter car woman dog problem

Some nouns (proper nouns) are the names of

people, places and things. We begin proper
nouns with ca pital letters (A, B....):
Jane Paris Oxford Street June
aRolls-Royce theTowerofLondon

r
3

dearly slowly
7

work play live meet stay se;i

They work hard. (work = verb)

J saw Peter. (saw = verb)
4

We use pronouns (1, you, he, she etc.) to

replace nouns:
David has a new job. He is enjoying it.

Yerbs describe actions or situations:

1

badly

We use auxiliary verbs (be, have, do, will,

can, may, must etc.) before another verb:
They are working hard. (are = auxilary)
I have seen Peter. (have =aux:iliary)
I mustgo now. (must =auxiliary)

We use prepositions (in, on, at etc.) when we

are talking about places and times:
PLACE:
T IME:

She's at home.
I t's in the box.
J'll see you on Monday.
They went on holiday in June.

...................... ... ...... ... ...................... ... ........ ...... ... .....................
Practice
A Put the underlined words in the correct boxes.

rb: _

adverb

prepositi

I had a wonderful holiday in SP.ain last year.

She lives in a
flat in New York.
Peter walked quickly to work.
We met them in Green Street on Friday.
You

and visit me in Scotland.

My teacher spoke

but 1 didn't understand her.

Man and Jackie

studying Japanese at college.
I have lost my bag.
They bought a hlg, old house in the country.
She swims fast, and she can ski well too.
PAGE 38

B Put words from the boxes in the sentences. Use each word once.
no un:

iOO-

match
Saturday

;
j

verb:
find
pass

auxiliary:
must
do

adjective:
beautiful
sick

adverb:
badly
easily
carefully

pronoun:

preposition:

You

O Paul has just started a new J'2....

You'll _ _
the books _ __

the table.
2 _ _ _ _ _ bought sorne _ _ _ _ _ flowers and gave them to my wife.
3 She played _ _ _ _ _ and lost the tennis _ _ _ __
haven't seen your grandfather for a long time -you _ _ _ _ _ visit

hin1 at the weekend.

5 Don't worry! You'll

theexam
! The money is

6 Listen
7 I'm playinggolf on
. What <lid we eat
8 I feel

the box.
you want to play with me?
the restaurant?

C In this text, circle the letters that should be capital letters.

Josephine got a job in @ew Q):irk in june. She went there with
her husband, mike. They are living in an apartment on madison
avenue. Yesterday, they wanted to look at the sights. They saw the
statue of liberty and walked through manhattan. Last monday,
josephine started her new job. Josephine and mike want to live
the rest of their lives in america.

D Say what is the correct place (a to i) to put theword in brackets.

O (on)

I'm aflying bto cMexico dSunday.

1 (interesting) I a saw b a e very d film e last f night.
Go a or b you'll e miss d the e train!
2 (quickly)
1 asee b the e mountains d from e my f window.
3 (can)
4

( it)

5 (go)

6 (in)
7 (very)
8 (road)

She sent bme ca dticket ebut fI oleft hat ihome.

You a look b sick. You e must d and e see fa g doctor.
I astayed hthere cfor da eweek fJune.
Mary agave b Christopher e a d expensive e present.
There's asnow bon cthe dso edrive fcarefully.

PAGE

39

18

Subject, verb, object

1 In English, the arder of words in a statement

Now look at this example:

is subject + verb + object:

SUBfECT

1
Peter
She
2

+ VERB
enjoy

+ OBJECT
goodfood.

iswatching Tv.
drank
a cup ofcoffee.

Some verbs (e.g. go) do not havean object:

Steven has gone.

The train didn't arrive.
Ann and Tom are swimming.

John gave Mary an apple.

John gave her an apple.
After sorne verbs (e.g. give, send, bring), we
can talk about a person (Mary, her) and an
object:

Sorne verbs ( e.g. like) always need an object:

SUBJECT

+ VERB + OBfECT
like
wants

1
She
3

VERB

music.
a drink.

He sent
Ann made
Ann brought
left
He
She wrote

After the verb be, we can use an object oran

adjective:
OBJECT

She is

a doctor.

ADJECTIVE

Mary is

+ PERSON

+OBJECT

Jane
Tom
him
them
him

a book.

acupoftea.
a cup oftea.
sorne money.
a letter.

We usually put information about times or

places at the end of the senten ce:

t red.

PLACE

We can also put adjectives after the verbs

look, seem and feel (see Unit 38 ):
Mary looks tired.

I hada holiday

in Spain.
TIME

They gave their son a watch

yesterday.

..... .... .......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ............. ........ .. .
Practice

A Put the words in brackets ( ) in the correct arder.

O (bought- she - a TV)
(the match-won- they)

She

---------

2 (is eating-he- a pizza)

3 (Anna-films-loves)

(saw- three cats-1)

5 (tennis-we-played)
6 (wants- a new house- Steve)

7 (forgot- my passport - I)
8 (a photo- she-is taking)
9 (drank- an orange juice- he)
10 (golf- they-like)
11 (Joe-Mexico-visited)
12 (lost-we - our money)
PAGE 40

B There are ten sentences in the box. Separate them and write them.
is rich they like sport we are studying she is a teacher the
bus hasn't arrived they've gone I didn't like the programme they sent me a
postcard Paul and Joe have left

She didn't come.

Write sentences, putting the word in brackets ( ) in the correct place.

She wrote me a letter.
(me)
o She wrote a letter.
1 They sent an invitation.

( us)

2 Sheila gave a present .

(Mike)

3 1 made a sandwich.

(her)

4 Tom brought a newspaper.

(Sally)

5 My uncle gave a job.

(me)

She left a message.

(you)

7 Mary is sending sorne flowers. (them)

8 She brings a coffee every day. (him)

Put the word in brackets in the correct place in the sentence.

We bought
a house
o (bought)
1 (him)
2 (was)

They

3 (last nightl

Myfriends

(her bag)

5 (an actor)

(wonderful)

gave

a newcar

thirsty
She

lost
sent

"

They

14 (ate)

They

She

her

in Turkey
met

fora week.
in Scotland

didn't win
wrote

the match
a letter

was

The film

12 (today)
13 (me)

this morning.
didn't arrive

David

6 (a photograph)
7 (stayed)
We
8 (his wife)
Paul
We
9 (yesterday)
10 (her)
1
11

in ltaly

left
brought
their

a cake
at seven o'clock

PAGE 41

19 'Yes/no> questions (Are you ... ? Is he ... ?)

1 Here are sorne 'yes/no' questions:

.,. With Present Simple verbs, we puta form

of do or does before the subject:

Are you hungry?

Shall J answer the phone?
Did you enjoy the film?
We call them 'yes/no' questions beca use the
answer is either 'yes' or 'no':
? f - Yes, I am.
Are you h ungry. \ N ,
l o, 1 m not.
2

- do

l Does she
1 Do
they
Do
you
Does he

.,. We put the verb be before the subject:

,--+
Are
Is

--

busy?
ready?
_ _

f,WX1L-IA_R_Y_+
_ SUBJECT

ls
Ha ve
l
Will
j Can

- -

+ VERB

- - -

Mark
they
they
you

1
roid she
visit Pars? 1
__!:!__ __K_ _to Spain? J

lciid + SUSJECT + V_E RB

.,. Or, we put an auxiliaryverb (be, have,

will, shall, can, may etc.) before the
subject:
'

work in Paris?
live
in New York?
play tennis?
like
ice-cream?

.,. With Past Simple vcrbs, we put did before

the subject:

SUBJECT

they
he

--

Note that we say:

Does she play tennis?
(Not -f)qeHfte-pltij'Henni-5? )

We form 'yes/no' questions like this:

be

+SUBJECT+VERB - -

-- -

Here are ali the forms of do questions:

-

PRESENT SIMPLE

I/you/we they l
k<
he/she/it
j wor

Do
Does

leaving?
gone?
win?
sing?

P AS T S IMPL E

l/he/she/it/you/we/they
l Did
___
_ _ _ __

work?

(Por auxiliary verbs, see unit 17.)

Practice
A

Make 'yes/no' questions from these statements.

O You are learning a language.

Are you learniri_g a

1 She is thirsty.

2 He can swim well.

_ _ __ _

3 They were tired after the match.

__ __

4 She will return to Mexico.

5

__

__ _ _

__

_ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ __
_

- - --- -

__ __
-- - -

__

_ ____ _

- -

-- -

I may leave now.

6 They have aJ] left.

7 We shall wait a little longer.

Now make questions from these statements. Start your questions with Do, Does or Did.
O You listen to the radio.
Dq_you listen to t he radiqL_ __ _ _
They work in London.

__ __ _

__

__

2 She visits her uncle.

3 We began the course in March.

- -

--

-- - --

- --

PAGE 42

4 Her car goes very fast.

5 You bought a new table.

You have met Jane, an English girl, in Pars. Use the words in brackets () to
ask her so me questions. Her answers are on the right. They will help you
choose tbe right tense for your questions.
O (like/ithere)
You: _Qo you like it here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? O (studying/Frcnch)

(]jke/French music)

You: Are you st LI.flyl!Jg-'-F""'

re"'"'n=ch:..:..__ _
? You: ___
_ _ __ _ _ _ ? -

(staying/in the centre)

You:

________? -

You:

3 (come/by plane)
4

(have got/a flat )

5 (working/in Pars)

You:
You: _

Jane: Yes, 1do.

Jane: Yes, I am.
Jane: Yes, 1 do.
Jane: No, I'm not.
Jane: Yes, 1 did.

_ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ ? -

Jane: Yes, I have.

Jane: No, r'm not.

6 (visited/the museums) You:

7 (find/your flat easily) You:

? -

Jane: No, J didn't.

8 (like/French food)

? -

Jane: Yes, I do.

You:

Jane: Yes, 1 have.

You want to study English in London. You telephone

a language school to ask so me questions. Put the words in
brackets in the right order to make questions.

O (ofLondon? - Is-near the centre-the school)

1 (homework? - give - Do - the teachers)

(the classes-small?-Are)

3 ( orgaruze - trips? - Does - the school)

4 (acertificate - 1 get-Will-attheend ofthecourse?) - - - - - 5 (a place now?- 1- reserve - Shall)

6 (pay - 1-Can - bycreditcard?)

David has just spenta weekon holiday in Greecewith his wife Mary. Askhim
sorne questions about bis holiday using words and phrases from the box. Use
his answers to help you.

-Di<l
Did
Did
Were

You:

1 You:

Was
Was
Was
the hotel
Did

the sea
the airport
the restaurants
you
the holiday?

-MaryMary
learn
like

busy?
expensive?
warm?

comfortable?
the beaches?
anyGreek?

the holiday?

- David: Yes, she had a good time.

- David: Yes, there were thousands of people
at the airport.

2 You:

Davjd: Yes, the water was very warm.

3 You:

- David: No, they were quite cheap.

4 You:

- David: No, it's a difficult language forme.

5 You:

- David: Yes, she swam and sunbathed every day.

6 You:

David: Yes, it was a lovely hotel.

PAGE

43

20

Questions (Where, When, Why,How)

1 Where, When, Why, and How are question

words. We use them like this:

... Where
We use Where to ask about places:

Where is Mike? - He's at home.

... When
We use When to ask about times and dates:

When will you phone? -At sixo'clock.

Why
We use Why to ask about the reason for

something:
Why is Mary takinga taxi? - Because

her car isn't working.

.,. How
We use How to ask 'in what way?':

WeformquestionswithWhere, When, Why,

and How like this:
.,. In questions with be, we put the subject
after be:

be + SUBTECT
Why

is

\.Vhere

are they?
is
he

Why

Paul

angry?
here?

.,. In questions with an auxiliaryverb (will,

is, are, can, mustetc.), we put the subject
after the auxiliary verb:

+ SUBJECT + VERB
leaving?
Why are
theJ'
get
How will
she
there?
When will
you
phone?
VERB

(For auxiliaryverbs, see unit 17.)

How did he get to Brighton? - He went

bytrain.
We also use Howto ask about people's
health or happiness:

Hello. How are you? - I'm fine, thanks .

.,. In questions with a Present Simple or Past

Simple verb, we puta form of do before the
subject:
do

+ SUBJECT + VERB

f---.---------------Where does she

live?
Why

did

Where did

you
he

phone the police?

live?

........................................................................
Practice
A

Put the words in brackets ( ) in the right order to make questions.

O (you-where-live-do-?)
Where do
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
(do-get up-you-when-?)

2 ( she-does-where-come-from -? )

-------

3 (leaving-they-are-when-?)
4

(he-is-why-waiting-?)

5 (are-you-how-?)
6 (<lid-to Scotland-how-get-you-?)

7 (is-where-the town centre?)

8 (Paul-drive-so fast-does-why-?)
9 (when-the film-does-start-?)
10 (will-how-you-travel-?)
11

(is-running-she-why-?)

12

(did-where-buy-you-that picture-?)

-----PAGE 44

B Put Where, When, Why or How in the gaps.

Where

are you going? - To the shops.

1 _ _ _ _ are you leaving? - At six o' clock.
2 _ _ _ _ <loes she take a taxi to work? - Beca use she doesn't have a car.

3 ____
____
4
5 ____
6 ____
7 ____

did they get to France? - By boat.

is he studying Spanish? - Beca use he wants to work in Spain.
do yo u have breakfast? - At half past seven.
is the restaurant? - In Carlton Street.
are you feeling today? - I've gota headache.

8 _ _ _ _ did she buy that dictionary? - In the bookshop near the station.
9 _ _ _ _ did Pam go to the police? - Because she lost her passport.

::= Use the 'full' answers to writequestions with Where, When, Why or How.
(We usually use the short, underlined answers when we reply to a question.)
When did you lose your bagc?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

O Question:

Answer:

(I lost my bag) On Saturday

Question:
Answer:

(I met Joanna) At disco in the centre of town.

2 Question:
Answer:

(I went to the disco)

-r bus.

3 Question:
Answer:

(I'm looking for a new job) Because ! want more !!_l.oney.

4 Question:

Answer:

(The nearest hospital is) In Park Street.

5 Question:

Answer:
6

(You get to Park Street) On the number 38 bus.

Question:
Answer:

(They're going to see the film) On Friday

7 Question:

Answer:

(She left the party at ten o'clock) Because she was tired.

8 Question:
Answer:

(He's studying English) At

school in Edinburg!1

D lf the underlined words are wrong, change them. Puta tick (./) if they are right.
O How is does

O Where do ./
1 How is

2 Whydo
3 When does
4 Whydo

5 Where does
6 Where do
7 Howdo

she get to work in the mornings?

yo u normally go for your holidays?
your father?
you working so hard at the moment?
she finish work yesterday afternoon?
you go to the bank every day?
Peter yesterday?
Mike live?
yo u get from the art gallery to the swimming pool?
PAGE

45

21
1

Questions (Who, What, Which, Howmany)

3

We use Who to ask about people:

We use How many to ask about numbers:

How many people did you invite?

A: How many pairs of shoes has she got?
B: Thirty!
How many art galleries are you going to visit?

A: Whoareyougoingtovisit?
B: J'm going to visit my sister.
Who did Jane invite to her party?
2

We use What and Which to ask about things:

What film did yo u see at the cinema?

Which newspaper do you want, The Times or
the Daily Telegraph?

VVhen we form questions, we normally puta

form ofbe oran auxiliaryverb (e.g. can, will,
do) after Who, What, Which, and How many:

Who is the President of Peru?

Who can speak Chinese?
Who did yo u meet at the party?
What's the capital of India? -New Delhi.
What's she doing?
What was the na me ofyour teacher?
What does your father do?
Which car will you huy, the Fiat or the Ford?
Which shirt do you prefer, the red one or the
blue one?
How many pota toes would you like?
How many languages did you learn at school?
How many houses do they have?

We normally use What when there are many

possible answers:
At1n?

:r(lf\j!.?
Cto.te?

So.rah?

?it ......

We normally use Which when there is a

small number of possible answers:
Whicl\ no.l'l'le do

P'efer? Slephe" or
fliOl"'lo.S '?

',

........ ............... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ....... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ............. ....
Practica

A Put Who, What, Which or How manyin the gaps.

QUESTIONS

What

ANSWERS

<lid you eat last night?

are you writing to?

restaurant do you prefer,

George and Mary.

The Pizza Palace.

the Pizza Palace or the Spaghetti King?

3

glasses do we need?

Fish, peas and potatoes.

's the answer to Question 13?

5 _ _ _ _ _ _ bus do we tak.e to the museum,

Ten, l think.
1 don't know.

the number 24 or the number 38?

The number 38.

6 _ _ _ _ _ _ presents <lid you buy?

_____ did you invite to the party?
7

8 _ _ _ _ _ _ are you doing at the weekend?

9 _ _ _ _ _ _ pen is yours, the green one

I'm driving to Bristol.

or the blue one?

The green one.

has been to Africa?

_ _ _ _ _ _ oranges would you like?

1 have.

Twelve, please.

Edinburgh.

10
11

12 _ _ _ _ _ _ 's the capital ofScotland?

Fifteen.
Tony, Steve and Kathryn.

PAGE 46

Use the words in the box to complete the questions. Use each word once.

Howmany

-What-

"

>S

are

>S

"

What
Which

do
did
did

Who
Who
were

_ _ _ didyoudothismorning?

O A:

A: Where

you buy that painting?

2 A: Where _ _ _ _ _ _ the nearest bank?

3 A: Why

4 A:
5 A: When

B: We bought it in tv1exico.

B: In the High Street.

yougetupinthemorning? -

B: I worked very hard ali <lay.

B: 8 million.
B: Igetupatseveno'clock.

car do you prefer,

the familycar or the sports car?

they doing?
7 A: What
_
_
_
_
<lid
you
meet at the station?
8 A'
9 A: Who _ _ _ _ _ _ they?
is the name of the hotel?
lO A'
l 1 A: How n1any film stars _______ you see at
Cannes last week?

<loes she like best?

13 A: Who - - - - - the richest person in

the world?
14 A: Which film _ __

B: We bought a new car.

you tired yesterday evening? -

people are there in London?

6 A:

better?

- s,
- s,

- s,
- s,
- s,

- s,
- s,

- s,s,
-

The sports car.

They're playing tennis.
I n1et Jane.
They're my sisters.
It's called the Bridge Hotel.
Ten or eleven.
Ton1.
1 don't know!
The French one.

Complete the questions. (We usually use the short, underlined answers
when we reply to a question.)
12refer
o A' Which

B'
A'

(1 prefer) The Spanish song,

What

B' (She bought) Bread and milk.

2
3

A' Which _ _
B' (They use) The blue book.
A' Howmany

?
?

B' ( l am studying} Three languages.

A'
B'
5 A'
B'
6 A'
B'

What

( I saw) The Are de Triomphe and the Eiffel Tower. (in Paris)
Who

(I met) My: aunt and uncle. (at the airport}

Howmany

(I'm goingto huy} Ten. (litres of petrol)

\!Vhich

'

8' (I am catching) The 13.30. (train)

A' Who

s,

'

(I will visit) My: sister and her family:. (in Paris)

PAGE 47

22 Whose is this? - It's John's.

1 'sand'

We use whose to ask about possession:

We use the apostrophe (')to talkabout

A: Whose car s that?

possession:
This is Mike's house. (=The house belongs

(= Who does that car belong to?)

B: It's John's. (=It belongs to John.)

to Mike.)

A: Whose shoes are those?

B: They're mine. (= They belong to me.)

Here are the rules:

.,. Singular noun (e.g. Mary) + 's:

Where is Tom's bike?

The word whose does not change:

.,. Irregular plural noun (e.g. men) + 's:

tt'hose book is that?

tt'hose books are those?

Have you got the children's books?

(See Unit 30 for irregular plural nouns.)
..,. Regular plural noun (e.g. teachers) + ':

We often use this, that, these and those (see

Unit 31) in our questions. We often use mine,
yours, his etc. (see Unit 35) in our answers:

We have eight children. This is the boys'

bedroom, and this is the girls' bedroom.

2 We use the apostrophe for people, but not

normally for things. We use of for things:
The boys' room. (Not The reefn C>fthe beys.)
The end of the film. (Not
end.)
Wesay:

l'm going to the newsagent's, the baker's, the

butcher's, ...
because we mean 'the newsagent's shopfthe
baker's shop/the butcher's shop'.

Whose watch is that?

f - It's Steven's.
-l - I ts, h.is.

(We don't need to say: It's Steven's watch.)

Whose sounds the same as who's but it is

different in meaning:

Whose coat is this?

(= Who does this coat belong to?)

Who's coming? (=Who is coming?)

Who's finished? (=Who has finished?)

............................................................................................................
Practice

Complete these questions and answers. Use Whoseand the words in brack.ets
()in each question. Use It'sor They'rein each answer.
QUESTIONS

o
o

(books/be)
(car/be)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

(pens/be)
( umbrella/be)
(house/be)
(clothes/be)
(records/be)
(bike/be)
(painting/be)
(baglbe)

Whose books are

Whose car is

those?
that?
those?
that?
that?
those?
those?
that?

that?
that?

(apple/be)
IO (motorbike/be)
11 (taxi/be)

that?
that?
that?

12 (jackets/be)

those?

ANSWERS

They're

Mike's.

lt's

hers.
mine.
Paul's.
Steven King's.
his.
Carl's.
Christine's.
John's.
hers.
Sheila's.
my grandfather's.

ours.
_ _ _ _ the tennis players'.

PAGE

48

B Rewrite each sentence usingan apostrophe (').Use This isor Theseare.

O This umbrella belongs to Sue.

These books belong to the students.

These are the students' books.

These keys belong to Peter.

2 This football belongs to the boys.

3 This house belongs to my teacher.

4 These bikes belong to my sisters.
5 This room belongs to the children.
6 This chair belongs to the manager.
These suitcases be long to Mark.

8 These bags belong to the women.

9 This radio belongs to Joan.

Put the names of shops in the gaps in this conversation. Use the words in the
box, as in the example.
fishmonger
greengrocer

chemist
butcher

hairdresser
newsagent

tobacconist

Mike: Have we got everything we need for the weekend?

Anne: I hope so. I went to the

for sorne bread. Then I

baker's

went to the bank. After that, 1 bought sorne apples at the

and sorne cough medicine at the
Mike: Did you get any meat?
Anne: Yes. 1 went to the 3
got sorne fish at the

and bought sorne beef. 1 also

4

What <lid you get?

Mike: Well, I hada cup of coffee anda piece o cake, and then I bought a
newspaper at the e ' - - - - - - - - - Then l went to the
6
for sorne cigars.
Anne: Did you get any milk or sugar or tea?
Mike: No, I'm sorry. I forgot. But 1 did go to the

_______

for

a haircut. Do you like it?

D

Put Who's or Whose in the gaps in these sentences.

O

Who's

Whose

finished their homework?

flat are you staying in?

___ going to the cinema tonight?

2 _ _ _ _ _ watch is that?
3

_ _ _ _ _ got an answer to question number three?

_ _ _ _ _ playing football in the park on Sunday?

5 _ _ _ _ _ house is near to the railway station?

6 _ _ _ _ _ bags are these?
7

_ _ _ _ _ chair is that?

8 _ _ _ _ _ been to France this year?

PAGE

49

23

Short answers (Yes, I am. Yes, Ido.)

When we answer No, we use a negative verb:

Will they win? - No, they won't.

Did Paul come? - No, he didn't.
Are you cold? - No, I'm not.

QUESTION

- - -

Is he at work?
Can I come?
Do you like it?
Does she live here?

+ SHORT ANSWER
-

We never use positive short forros in short

answers:
Are you tired? - Yes, I am. (Not
Is he happy? - Yes, he is. (Not Yes, he's. )

Yes, he is.
No, you can't.
Yes, 1 do.
No, she doesn't.

We call these 'short answers' beca use they are

not 'ful)' answers:
. k? f - Yes, she is sick. (full answer)
1SShe SlC . L v: h . ( h
- les, s e is. s ort answer)
We use short answers to reply to 'yes/no'
questions (see Unit 19):
.

? [ -

Are you coming. \L

2

We can also use short answers to reply 'yes' or

'no' to statements:
' TATEMENT

+ REPLY

He's working hard. - Yes, he is.

She's at work.
- No, she isn't.
She laves films.
- Yes, she does.

Note that with Present Simple or Past Simple

verbs, we use do, does, or did in the reply:

Yes, I am .
N ,
o, 1 m no.t

She !oves films. - Yes, she does.

t

We form short answers by not using the main

verb from the question:

He liked the book. - Yes, he did.

Have they gane? - Yes, they have

Did he go to Pars? - Yes, he did -ge- .
Is she waiting? - Yes, she is wa.iting .

When we wrte, we normally puta 'comma'

(,) after Yes or No in short answers:

He lives n London. - No, he doesn't.

When the main verb is be, we use be:

Are you tired? - Yes, 1 am.

Practice
A

Make short answers by putting in a 'full stop' (.) and a line (-).
QUEST!O NS

ANSWERS

Yes, I can.

1 Will you see Ted tomorrow?

Yes, J will see Ted tomorrow.

2 Have you finished your breakfast?

No, I haven't finished my breakfast.

3 Do you drive to work?

Yes, I do drive to work.

4 Did she come yesterday?

No, sh e didn't come yesterday.

5 Were you tired after the game?

Yes, I was tired after the game.

6 Can she sing well?

7 Did Tom have a holiday?

No, she can't sing well.

Yes, he did have a holiday.

8 ls she studying French?

Yes, she is studying French.

9 Do you play golf?

No, I don't play golf.

10 Did you buy a new table?

11 Are you thirsty?

Yes, l <lid buy a new table.

No, I'm not thirsty.

12 Has Jane been to Mexico before?

Yes, she has been there before.

Can you come tonight?

tonight:

PAGE 50

B Write the correct answers to the questions. Use the phrases in the box.
Yes, she did.
Yes, I will.

No, he doesn't.
Yes, they have.

No, she wasn't.

Yes, Ido.

Yes, he has.
No, I can't.
No, they aren't.

Yes they have.

Have they all left?

Does Steve work hard?

2 Do you like this music?

3 Are they listening?

4 Did she enjoy her holiday?

5 Was Mary at the concert?

6 Will you phone this weekend?

7 Can you play the guitar?

8 Has he gane to bed?

Write positive short answers and then negative short answers for the questions.

Was the film good?

Does he enjoy French food?

- Yes,

itwas.

- No,

it wasn't.

1 - Yes,

- No,

2 Can he swim?

- Yes,

- No,

3 Will they return tonight?

- Yes,

4 Do you want to buy that shirt?

5 Are they coming in Mike's car?

6 Did you ask Sally to come?
7 Is your headache better?

8 Were the exams difficult?

- No,

{ - Yes,

- No,

{ - Yes,

- No,

- Yes,

- No,

{ - Yes,

- No,

- Yes,

- No,

D Bill always says Yes. Tom always says No. Write their answers.

Japanese people eat a lot of fish.

Bill:
Yes they do.

Tom:
No they don't.

The sun always shines in England.

2 New York is the capital o America.

3 ltalywill win the next World Cup.

4 Bananas are delicious.

5 Cats can sing beautifully.
6 The English speak very slowly.
PAGE 51

24

Can, can't, could

1

1 We form sentences with can like this:

We form sentences with could like this:

can+ JNFINJTIVE

I can

[!

ski.

could

swim.

POSIT I VE

POSITIVE

I/he/she/it/you/we/they

can ski.

---- --

1/he/she/it/you/we/they

NEGATIVE

ski.

could

NEGATIVE

I/he/she/it/you (etc.)

cannot/can't

I/he/you (etc.)

ski.

QUESTJONS

Can

could+INFIITTTJVE

I/he/she/it/you (etc.)

could not/couldn't

ski.

We use could to talk about things we were

able to do generallx in the past:

ski?

In spoken English cannot is possible, but we

normally use can't:

He can't swim.
For short answers (Can you swim?- No, I
can't), see Unit 23.
2

1 could run 100 metres in 12 seconds when 1

wasyoung.
Susan could read when she was three years
old.

We use can and can't to talk about things we

are able to do generally:

She can speak ]apanese.

(=She is able to speak Japanese.)

He can't ski. (=He isn't able to ski.)

We do not normaJly use could to taJk about

things we were a ble to do _g_
time in the past. Instead we use was/were
ableto:

We also use can and can't to talk about things

we are a ble to do at the moment:

I was able to visit her yesterday.

(Not
heryffieFti.ay. )

I can see the moon.

(= I am able to see it now.)

......... ............... . .. .. ..................... .. .....................................

Practica

A Look at the pictures and make questions and sentences, using can and can't.
O

A:

Can

B: Yes,

Si:
playtennis

1ffil'._lis
: :.__ _

_ __ ?

she can.

A:

_ _ _

B: No,
She can p.lay tenl'li2,__ __

play the violn

but she can't P-lay the vio'<.!.l"-'in.:_._ _

A: _

_ _ _ _ _ _ ____

_ _ _ _

the hills1

B: Yes,-- - - - - -A:

thesea?

B: No, _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ __

- - - - -----------see the hills

see thesea

but
PAGE 52

A:

im
speak Japanese

B: No,

p1o.1t.

A:

speak French

B: Yes,

but

A:

B: Yes,

'.(, ("

A:
B: No,

eat the chips

eat the fish

'"

but

Make sen ten ces about the amazing Plum family! Use could and the Past Simple of be.
O (Mr Plum I speak / tenlanguages when he/ be/ twenty)
Mr Plum could sReak ten languages when he was

--------------

} (Simon Plum! drink/ ten litres of orange juice a daywhen he I be! five)
2 (Mrs Plum I swim ! ten kilometres when she /be/ twelve)
3 (Grandmother Plum I dance/ all eveningwhen she/be / sixty)
4 (Joan Plum I ride I a bike when she I be! two)
5 (Grandfather Plum/ walk ! thirty miles each daywhen he/ be/ seventy)
6 (Simon and Joan ! ski I when they /be I four)

Write was able to or were able to in these senten ces.

O I was able to
get the last ticket for the concert.

1 After waiting for a long time, we

2 They
3 l

go into the museum.

huy a new carpet yesterday.

eat three plates of pasta in the restaurant last night!

4 Our friends - - - - - - - - - visit us yesterday afternoon.

5 l
finish my homework in half an hour today.
6 She

have a long holiday last year.

7 We

ski in Scotland last weekend.

PAGE 53

25

Can I? Could I? May I? Can you? Could you?

3

1 We form questions with can, may and could

like this:

Can etc.+ I/we + INFINITIVE

QUESTIONS

Can
May
Could
2

lJ I/he/she/it/we (etc.)

We use can, mayor could to ask for

permission:

May

wait?

use

... ?
yourphone?

We use can, may and could to ask for things:

Can etc. + I/we + have

Can

... ?

Could we look at your map, please?

Can 1 borrow your tennis racquet, please?

have a coffee?
4

We use can or could (but not -mey-) to ask

people to do things:
Can/Could+you+INFINITIVE

Could we have two tickets, please?

Can I have some sugar?

Could

you

help

... ?

me?

A: I'm cold. Can you clase thewindow?

B: Yes, ofcourse.

..... ... ............ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ..... ........ ... ...
Practice

A Put the words in brackets ( ) in the right order to make questions.

O (have- a return ticket to York- could-please- I)
Could 1 have a retum ticket to York.

_ _ _ _ _ _ __

1 (please- 1- may- a glass of orange juice - ha ve)

2 (we-listentoyournewCD-can)
3 (your phone-please- use- I-can)
4 (may- borrow- your camera tomorrow- I)
5 (please- the menu-pass-you- could)
6 (can- this letter for me-you-post)

PAGE 54

B Ask for things in each place. Use the words in brackets ( ), and the words in the box.
have a town plan
have two melons

have sorne fish and chips

have a single room

have a ticket for Glasg0'1t'

O PLACE: a train station

(could I ... please)

Could 1have a ticket to

_ _ _ __

a greengrocer's
{canl) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

PLACE:

PLACE:

a restaurant

(can I ... please) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

PLACE:

a hotel

(could I ... please) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4

PLACE:

a tourist information centre

(couldl) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Ask for permission. Use the words in brackets ( ) and the words in the box.
use your photocopier
close the window
O

SITUATION:

(may I)
1

use your dictionary

borrow your peo

turn on the TV

Youwanttofindthemeanii1gofaword.

May 1use your

SITUATION:

Youwant towritedown a telephone number.

(canl)
2

SITUATION:

Youwanttowatchaprogramme.

(can 1 ... please) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

SITUATION:

You'refeelingcold.
(mayl) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

SITUATION:

You need a photocopy of a letter.

(n1ayl ... please) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Ask peo ple to do things. Use the words in brackets ( ) and the phrases in the box.
buy me a magazine
tell me the time
tell me the way to Buckingham Palace
O

make me a sandwich
carry one of these cases

You're sick. You're in bed. You're bored.

(can you ... please) Can you buy me a magazine,

PROBLEM:

PROBLEM:

_ _ _ _ _ __

Your suitcases are very heavy.

(could you) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

PROBLEM:

You're lost in London.

(could you ... please) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3

You've forgotten to put your watch on.

(canyou) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

PROBLEM:

PROBLEM:

You'rehungry. You'reverytired.
(can you ... please) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
PAGE 55

26

Must and mustn't

1 We form sentences with must like this:

We use you mustn't to tell peo ple NOT to do

things:

must + INFINITJVE
I

must

mustn't

go.

POSITIVE

l/he/she/it/you/we/they must go.

NEGATIVE

I/he/she/you (etc.) mustnot/mustn't go.

You mustn't be late.

You mustn't forget to buy your ticket today.

2 must
We use you must to tell peo ple to do things:

You must pay befo re you enter the museum.

You must all finish your work be/ore you go
home!
You must pay attention when I'm talking to
you!
You must visit the art gallery. The paintings
there are fantastic.

We use 1 mustn't or we mustn't to say that it

is necessarythat we do NOT do something:

I mustn't forget my passport.

We mustn't spend all our money today!
4

We use must and mustn't to talle about the

present and the future:

We use 1 must or we must to say that it is

necessary that we do something:

PRESENT:

I'm tired. I must go to bed.

You mustn't speak to her now!

l must leave now, or J'll miss my train.

I haven't gotany money. l must get a job.
We must buy so me milk at the supermarket.

FUTURE:

You must buy your ticket tomorrow.

I haven't seen my uncle fora long time. I
mustvisit him next month.

.. ....... ...... ... ..... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... ........ ........ ..
Practlce

Put mustor mustn't in these senten ces.

O You

mustn't

cross the road without looking. It's dangerous.

1 You _ _ _ _ _ _ trythe food that he cooks. It's delicious!

2 The exam is next month. 1

work harder.

3 You
forget your umbrella. It's going to rain.
4 We _ _ _ _ _ _ stay here any longer. We must go to the station now,
or we'll miss our train.
5 You _ _ _ _ _ _ learn to swim before you go sailing.
6 l
7 You

phone John tonight. 1 haven't spoken to him for a long time.

listen or you won't understand.

miss the concert.

8 It's seven o'clock. Shall we go? We
9 Be careful! You _ _ _ _ _ _ )ose that money.
10 lt's an important match. You

play well.

11 You

read this book. It's fantastic.

12 You

go in to the cinema without a ticket.

PAGE

56

Put mustor mustn'tand a verbfrom the box in the gaps in these dialogues.
Use each verb once.
finish
forget

-visit-go

buy

ask

lea ve
tell

A: We o must visit

have

the castle beforewe leave.

B: Yes, and we e ' - - - - - - - - - to take a boat trip on the river.

A: Do you think 1 can take a holiday next month, George?

B: Yes, but you 2

the boss first.

A: We e,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this work tonight.

s, Why?
A: We're going to have a test tomorrow.

A:

_________

now.

B: Why not? l'm tired and 1want to go home.

A: Please stay. She's going to sing the best song of the evening.
A: 1 worked hard yesterday and 1 made a lot of money.
B: That's good but you look tired. You'e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a rest tomorrow.

A: John and I are going to get married, but you ,,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ my father.
B: Whynot?
A: John is an actor and myfather doesn't like actors!
A: This flat is horrible. It's small and dirty.

B: 1 know. We 7

a house with a garden.

A: Have you been to Britain before?

B: No.
A: Well, you ,,- - - - - - - - t o Scotland. It's a beautiful place.

C Henrywants to change bis life. Use the pictures and thewords in the box to
write sen ten ces. Write what he says, using 1mustor1 mustn't.
study at night
run every morning
dress smartly
watch TV ali <lay

smeke

1mustn't smoke.

1must dress smartly,

visit my grandmother
sleep in the afternoon
dance all night

PAGE

57

27 Prepositions of place (in, on, underetc.)

1 We use the following words to taJk about

where people or things are:

under

behind in front of

next to near at
2

Look at the picture on the right.

a) The lady is in the tower.

b) The cat is on the tower.

e) The door is under the window.

d) The forest is behind the tower.

e) The lake is in front ofthe tower.
f) The bird is above the tower.
g)

The garden is next to the tower.

h) The castle is near the tower.

3 next to, near

mm m

s nextto B.
nd B are near C.

-------

at
We say at the office, but we say at home,

atschool:
Ruth is at the office, Jane's at school, and J'm
at home.

on
Wesay:

He works on the third fioor.

She lives on the fourth fioor.

Practice

A Look at the picture of the tower again, but don't look at the sentences
on the left! Complete the answers to the questions, using the words in the box.

o;-- -ia-

beh ind
O Where'sthelady?
Where's the lake?
2 Where's the castle?

3 Where's the door?

4 Where's the bird?

5

Where's the garden?

6 Where's the cat?

7 Where's the forest?

front of - nea;--
__
She's _111_ _______ _ thetower.
- It's

_ the tower.

- lt's _____ - - - - - _ thetower.

- lt's _____ _ _ _ _ the window.
- It's - - - - - - - - - thetower.
_ __ the tower.
- lt's
It's
the tower.
- It's __________ the tower.
PAGE 58

Put the correct numbers in the boxes to show where each person is.
O in the supermarket

on the supermarket

under the supermarket

behind the supermarket

in front of the supermarket

next to the supermarket

near the supermarket

above the supermarket

The sentences below describe the picture. Look at the picture and change the
underlined words which arewrong. Tick(./) the underlined words which
are correct.

O There is a TV under on
the table.
O There is a dog on ./
_ __ the floor.
1 The dog is behind _

2 The cat is next to _

the table.
_ _ the flowers.

3 The keys are next to

the flowers.

4 The flowers are in - - - - - - the vase.

5 There is a big book in front of _ _ _ __ _ the flowers.

6 There is a picture under

7 The cat is above

the table.
the table.

8 There is a bird on _

acage.

tEI5:1
. . . ........

. .

. ..

. . .

. . ..

.. .

..

'\

.l . .

. . ...

D Here are sorne people talking about themselves. Put the words from the box
in thegaps.
infront
next

on (x 2)
at (x2)

;n

above

My name is Mike. I live o in

under
near
Manchester in England.1 have a flat

the .fifth floor of an apartment block. My friend Paul lives

2- - - - - - -

rneinaflat _3 _

_ the sixth floor. J know that he's

- ' - - - - - - - home now, because 1 can hear his music!

Hi! I'm Sue. J live in FJat 22 and my sister lives 5
I'm a secretary and beca use I live 6

my office, I can wal.k to work

in twenty minutes. I start work 7

tbe office at nine o'dock.

I'm Pete. I'm not happy. There's a train tunnel 8

and a very busy road 9

_ to me in Flat 23.

my house,

of it. J'm always tired beca use J don't

sleep very much.

PAG E

59

28

Prepositions of time (in, on, at, from, to)

1 When we talk about time we often use the

prepositions in, on or at.

The following words can replace in, on and at:

1

.,. We use in with parts of the <lay, and with

months, seasons, and years:
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the
evening
in January, in February, in March
in the spring, in the summer, in the
autumn, in the winter
in 1542, in 1868, in 1995
.,. We use on with days and dates:
on Wednesday, on Thursday evening
on Christmas Day, on her birthday
onApril 9th (We say OnApril the ninth
or 0n the ninth ofApril.)
.,. We use at for times of the day, and with
meals and mealtimes:
at 11 a.m., atthreeo'clock
at breakfast, at lunch-time, at tea-time,
at dinner
Wealso say:
at night, at the weekend
at Christmas, at Easter

this

next

last

every

f inApril.
. h
I ,m go1ng
orne -l this April.
'
.
. f on Wednesday.
I m p ay1ng tenn1s l
next W.ed nesday.
She JeH _f at the weekend.
1 ' l lastweekend.
vi,,,, 'ane _f on Saturday.
n
''
l every Satur,d ay.
3

We can use from ... to to ta1k about time:

Themuseum isopenfrom JO a.m. to 6 p.n1 .

Here are sorne more examples:
She's staying here from Sunday to Tuesday.
We have a tea-breakfrom three-thirty to
four o'clock.
Sometimes, we use from on its own:
I will be in Paris from Wednesday.
Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday
in Paris
1

............................................................................................................
Practica

A Fill the gaps in the following sentences with in, on or at.

1went to Turkey in
1 We must leave
2 We'll have a break
3 She's arriving
4 It's very cold here

July.
five o'dock.
the afternoon.
Monday.
night.

5 Iwas born

1970.

6 1 neverwork
7 We can play tennis
8 School starts
9 I'llseeyou

the weekend.
thesummer.
September Sth.
lunch-time.

B Fill in the gaps in this conversation using words from the box.
1

two o' clock

summer

1990 winter weekend Saturday birthday

Anne: Areyou going on holiday in the o summer

?
Tom: No, but 1went skiing in Italy in the'_ _ _ _ _ _ _ , and l'm going to Ame rica at the
2
1'11 be in New York on
_ _ _ _ _ _ ; then I'm travelling south to
Texas. What about yo u? Are you going away this year?
Anne: Yes. In fact, l'm flying to Morocco at - - - - - - tomorrow.
Tom: Really? It's a wonderful country. I was there in _ _ _ _ __
Anne: Just think! 1'11 be on a Moroccan beach on my _'_ _ _ _ __
PAGE 60

C In these sentences there are sorne mistakes. Sometimes the underlined

prepositions are wrong. Sometimes the prepositions are not necessary.
Cross out the prepositions which are wrong and replace them if necessary.
Puta tick (_.l')if the preposition is correct.
O l normally go to the south ofFrance en- in

the winter. I usually go in

December, but in ___ last December l couldn't go because mywife was ill.
l

We'llleave at _ _ _ eleven o'clock in

Saturdaymorning.

2 Shall we visit George in Spain in _ _ _ next April?

3 I always drink two cups of coffee on

breakfast. In _ __

the afternoon l drink tea. I drink hot milk in _ _ _ night befare 1 go to bed.
4 Theyplaygolfon _ _ _ everyTuesdayin _ _ _ thesu1nmer.
5 I gave her a painting on
her birthday at
June this year.
6 Shall we go to the cinema in _ _ _ this evening? The film starts at _ _ _ eight.

D Here are your arrangements forthe next few days (today, this week), and for
the next few months (in December, next year).

(play /golf)-+ the afternoon

1

5 (visit/Egypt)-+ 1 December

{meet /Steve) -+ Wednesday morning

1

2 (go/to the bank)-+ l 10 a.m. on Friday

3

(go/sailing)-+ the weekend

1

(sell /my house)-+ January lOth

1

7 (go/to Mexico)-+ j the sprITTg]

8 (learn/to ski)-+ April

4 (start/a new job)-+ next Monday

9 (buy /a new boat)-+ j next year j

Write senten ces using the table abo ve. Use the Present Continuous (I'm doing ),
anda preposition (in, on etc.) if necessary.
o --1.!:!:!_pjgiyl!:Jg_golf in the afternoon.
5
1

E Use the information in brackets to finish the sentences.

o
o

(2 .... 3)

(Friday-+)

The shop is closed from 2 to 3.

She will be on holiday from Friday.

1 (June-t August)

The beach is busy

2 (lo'clock-t)

I'll be at the sports centre

3 (March-t)
4 (Monday-+ Friday)

The new motorway will be open

5 (1991 .... 1994)

6 (January-+)

He lived in Kenya

Wework
She will be in Hong Kong

PAGE 61

29 A, an or the
1 Compare a andan:

We use a before words which begin with

consonants (b, e, d, f, g, h , j, k, 1 .. . ):
a doctor a big car a girl
We also use a befo re u when it sounds like the
word 'you', and before eu:
university (sound: 'you'): a university

a European city
2

a CDplayer

- -1

an apple an interestingfilm

. We also use an before words that begin with a

= silent h. Compare hour and house:
=
hour (sound: 'our'): an hour
house: a house

Compare a/an and the:

Mary: 1 bo11ght a CD player anda TV yesterday.
We usually use a/an with a noun to talk about
a person or thing for the first time:

: We use an before words which begin with

: vowels (a, e, i, o, u):

)oc: Was the CD player expensive?

- - - --- -- - ---

We use the when we talk about the person or

'. thing again:
the CD player (= the one that Mary bought)

- -- -- - - -- -- - - -- - - -

- -- - - -

Therc are sorne special uses of a/an and the:

-

- -

- -

- -

--- --

.. We use a/an with prices, frequency and speeds: ., We use the when there is only one of
lt costs .f2 a litre.
someth ing:

1drink about three cups ofcoffee a day.

You're driving at ninety miles an hour!
., We use a/an before hundred, thousand,
million:

a hundred people a thousand days

., We use a/an for talking about jobs:

I'rn a bank manager.

--

May Tturn on the TV?

(There is only one TV in the room.)

She's in the kitchen.

Where's Mary?

(There is only one kitchen in the housc.)

., \A/e use thewith musical instruments:

I play the guitar.

Jane plnys the vio/in.

Practice

Put a or an in the gaps.

O 1 bought L
O lt's an _

new car yesterday.

old film.

1 She's reading _
2 They've got _
3 Jt's _

4 He's

Ttalian businessman.

5 Th e journeytook
interesting book.
house in Spain.

cheap restaurant.

6 We've lost

_ black cat.

7 1 want to buy _ _
8 It was

__ hour.

__

umbrella.

difficuJt exam.

Now finish the senten ces using a oran and the correct phrase from the box.

O Steven Spielberg is a n American girector.

European countryi

1 Tokyois _ _

Indian rivcr
-Amer-itlfl dtFe<:- tor
university town

2 Heathrow is _
3 The Ganges is _
4 Oxford is
5 A Mercedes is _

Japanese city
English airport
German car

6 Spain is _
PAGE 62

C Puta, an or thein the gaps in these conversations.

O Joanna: What did you do yesterday evening?

Peter:

1 watched

interesting programme on TV. Then I had

something to eat and I read --- book.

Joanna: What was
programme about?
Steve:
Cathy:
2 Mary:

I've bought a jumper. I'm going to give it to Joanna for her birthday.
Really? Can Isee _ _ _ jumper?
Helio, Carol! What are you doing here?

Caro!:

l'm waiting to speak to the manager of this shop. l bought

_ _ _ _ TV here yesterday, and it doesn't work.

Mary:

Oh, l'm sorry. 1 bought

Was _ _ _ _ TV expensive?

3 Chris:

radio here and it's very good.

_ _ _ _ police car and _ _ _ _ ambulance stopped in my

street this morning.

Jimmy: Do you know why?
police car stayed for five minutes, and then
Chris: Well,
_ _ _ _ ambulance left with one of my neighbours inside.
4 Joy:
Mike:

l'm going to have a meal in - - - - Japanese restaurant tonight.

I'm going to _ __
disco. Do you want to meet me at
_ _ _ _ disco after you've ea ten?

5 David:
Philip:
David:

How longhave you lived here?

Ten years.
Really? Have you got - - - - flat or _ _ _ _ house?

Philip:

l've got both! _ _ _ _ flat is in the centre of town. It's very

house is by the sea.

small.

D There are sorne mistakes in these sentences. Puta tick(,/) if you think the
underlined word is correct. Cross it out and change it if you think it's wrong.

.1
doctor.
thousand different things when l was on holiday.

O l'm not sure what she <loes, but 1 think she's-

O 1 saw the- a

bottle.
1 Be careful! That perfume costs f l 00 -
2 We must invite him to the party. He plays - _ _ _ _ piano and - _____ guitar.
3 A: What does John do?
B: l'm not sure, but 1 think he is the _ _ _ _ teacher in a school.
4 She likes to drive at the _____ hundred miles _an _ _ _ _ hour.
5 I play the _ _ _ _ violin in an orchestra. They pay me fSO the _ _ _ _ day!
6 I've got the

hundred jobs to do befare we leave.

7 A: Is my handbag in the living-room?

B: No, it isn't. 1saw it in-

kitchen.

PAGE

63

30 Plural nouns (cats, men); one andones

1 We normally form plural nouns by adding-s:
1 SINGULAR

PLURAL

a cup

-+
-+
-+

one student

the cat
2

one and ones

Sometimes we use one instcad of repeating a
singular noun:

somecups
three students
thecats

J'm going to buy a drink. Would you like one?

"

Our house is the one with the red door.

Or, we use ones instead of a plural noun:
Shall J buy the red apples or the green ones?

But we form sorne plural nouns differently:

.-man

These biscuits are cheaper than those ones.

-+men
+-es
-+ women 1 bus
-+buses
child -+ children
kiss
-+ kisses
1 wish
person -+ people
_.wishes
foot
-+ feet
watch -+ watches
1 tooth -+ teeth
match -+ matches
sheep -+ sheep
box
-+ boxes
mouse -+ mice
potato -+ potatoes
fish
-+ fish
tomato-+ tomatoes
1 woman

-y -+ -ies
-+
c1ty
-+
c1ties
1
country-+ countries

Shop assistant: Which one would you like,

t -fl-fe -+ -ves
loaf
wife
knife

We often use Whichone .. .? and Which

the black dress or the white one?

-+ loaves
-+ wives
-+ knives

Mary: I'd like the black one, please.

Jim: J like the black and white photographs.

Which ones do you like? The black and
white ones or the colour ones?
$usan: 1prefer the colour ones.

(For more information on plural nouns, see

Table A on page 94.)

Practice

Put in plural nouns to describe the pictures.

Sorne _ __ __

Two

Sorne

Three

Sorne _ _ _ _ _

Sorne _ _

Four

10

11

Three _ _ _ _ _

Two _ _ __ __

Two _ _ __ __

oo

Sorne

_ _

Sorne _ _ _ __

PAGE

64

B Tick (,/) the correct plural forms and cross out the wrong ones.
knives ,/
matchscountries
wishes
w1ves
mans

match es
cities
teeth
mouses
countrys
knifes

tooths
citys
pota toes
tomatos
pota tos
mi ce

wishs
men
familys
wifes
tomatoes
families

Rewrite the sentence in brackets ( ), replacing one of the words with

oneor ones.
O He's just bought a new suit.
(lt's a blue suit.)
0 A: Who is your favourite actor?
B: (The actor that I like best is Joe Late.)

lhe one that 1like best is Joe Late.

1 I'm going to huyan orange juice.

(Would you like an orange juice?) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 The chocolate cakes are popular.
(But the strawherrycakes are nicer.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 A: Which house do you like?
B: (1 like the house with the red door.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 I bought a blue carpet last time.
(This time 1want a green carpet.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 English is a difficult language.
(There isn't an easy language.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 A: Where did you put the photos?
B: (Do you mean the photos that we took in Turkey?) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Put one or onesin the following dialogues.

O A: Have you gota Compact Disc player? 1 bought
B: No, 1 haven't. But I think 1'11 huy

__ yesterday.
when l move house.

1 A: Which shoes do you like, sir? The brown _ _ _ _ are leather and

the black

are plastic.

B: I'll have the brown

, please.

2 A: Look at these two sofas, Mary. This

but that

is veryexpensive,

looks uncomfortable. Which

shall we buy?

B: We must buy the expensive - - - - We need a comfortahle sofa.

3 A: I \Vant to huy a new car. I've seen
B: The

that I like, but it's very expensive.

that you like are always very expensive!

4 A: I saw two films last week.

B: Which

A: 'Superman' and the new French - - - - 1can't remember its name.

PAGE

65

31

This, that, these, those

3

1 Look at these examples:

This exercise is difficult.

These are very expensive!
Whatis that?
Did you eat those sandwiches?
2

We use this and these for things which are

near to us, and that and those for things
which are not near. Look at these pictures:
HBRE

THERE

Here are the singular and plural forms:

SINGULAR

this car
thatcar

o'

PLURAL

-+
-+

these cars
those cars

We use this, that, these, those witb nouns

(e.g. painting, apple):

I like this painting.

Those apples are delicious.

'----------'

We use this, that, these, those without a no un,

when the meanng is clear. For exarnple:
A student has just finished his homework,
and he says to his friend:
That was easy! (That = the homework)

. _____,

Things which are happening now are near

to us in time, so we use this and these:
John (ata concert):

Sorne ofthese songs are beautiful.

T h ings which are finished are not near to us,
so we use that or those:
John (after )eaving the concert):

Mike meets his mother at the station. He

picks up her suitcases, and he says:
These are heavy! (These = the cases)

Sorne ofthose songs were beautiful.

Practice
A

Put this or these in the gaps.

l 'd fike ro br.rr

Could you tell me where

's-'--- - book, ple-.Is-e. Haw much is it?

bus goes, pJease?

questions are difficuJt. Could you help me?

sandwiches are mine. Yours are on the table.

4 - - - - - is wonderful ! J )ove a hot bath after work.

5 Have you got sorne cheaper pens? _ _ __ _ are very expensive.

Put that or those in the gaps.
6 Look at

_ clouds. l'm sure it's going to rain.

7 Did you enjoy

8 Let's cross the road.

9
10 - - - --

_ film? 1 thought it was boring.

taxi is free.

flats are all very expensive, beca use they're in the centre of town.
was beautiful! I was so hungry.

PAGE 66

B Look at this picture.

Hello . Wha.t.

would

ju L\ke.

7 tomatoes

FAR

2 pears

NEAR

8 melons

You are at the greengrocer's. Ask how much the fruit and vegeta bles are.
Use How much ... ?and these or those.

How much are those cucum=-c

be=r-=-s-'--'?_ _ ___ _ _

1
2

- -

- --

--

4
5

- -

-- -

- - -- - -

7
8 - -- -- - - - - - -

Put this, that, these or those in the gaps in these dialogues.

A: Are you enjoying your meal?
B: Yes, thanks. 0 This __ fish is cxcellent.
A: This is my brother, Stevc, and

1_

are my sisters, Kate and Joan.

B: Hallo. I've heard a lot about you.

A: We've arrived! !...- ____ is our hotel here.
B: Can you see 3_
A: 4_

B: Yes. I hope
A:

6_

B:

But 7_

exam today is easier.

is your bed here.

_ _
_

mountain? We're going to ski there tomorrow.

exams last week were very difficult.

__

__

beds, there, look more comfortable.

PAGE

67

32

Countable and uncountable nouns; a, sorne, the

1 Most nouns have singular and plural forms:

1

house/houses

dog/dogs

manfmen

We call these nouns countable nouns,

beca use we can count them:

one house two dogs

three men

a:
the:

1._

PLURAL

si ice (
a {
p1ece J

a house

sorne: the house

glass l
bottle f- of

a spoonful of {

We can use a, sorne, and thewith countable

nouns:
SINGULAR

Here is a list of common uncountable nouns,

and sorne of the words we use in front of them:

sorne houses
thehouses

2 Sorne nouns have only one fonn:

a piece of

water bread petral rain

golf tennis
We call these uncountable nouns, beca use we
cannot count them.
Look at this picture:

,Q

water
milk

cup of

rtea

coffee

couee

fl

f
0

cake
bread
toast
cheese

lf

information
luggage
money
news
sorne ) petrol
advice
lsnow
homework

Can I have two litres ofmilk. please?

4

Sorne nouns can be countable or

uncountable:
UNCOUNTABLE:

rain (uncountable)

1 like tea.

cars (countable)

Her hair is red.

We do not use a or one, two, three etc. befare

uncountable nouns:

the:

We can use sorne with all these words. We

also use grams/kilos/litres etc. in shops:

/rlrlf.!!!/I
Jdfrl ,11
J
f I

-a-:
sorne:

We need to buy bread and sugar.

Let's stop the car. We need some
petrol.
Look at the rain!

I haven't got time.

l always have sugar in my tea.

COUNTABLE:

l'll have two teas, please. (=cups of tea)

There's ahairin my ten.
We hada good time.
Three sugars in my tea, please.

... ... ............ ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. ..... .. ... .. ..... ...
Practice

A Puta circle around the uncountable nouns below.

house
painting
holiday
tennis
cup
city
bread

cat
clock
petrol
office
doctor
coffee
park
book

cheese
table
news
bed
cinema
shoe
toast
JUmper

car
tea
cigar
pen
luggage
shirt
sock
cloud

coat
hall
teacher
sugar
chair
money
nose
milk

snow
museum
film
homework
banana
exam
water
bike

lemon
apple
rain
watch
information
hour
school
television

PAGE 68

Put the correct word in the following sentences.

(slice, piece, cup)

J'd like a __Q,Jf2

(glass, slice, spoonful)

Would you like a

of coffee, please.

2 (pieces, cups, bottles)

My father gave me two

3 (slice, bottle, piece)

Could you huy a

7 ( spoonfuls, glasses, cups)

1 normally take three

8 (pieces, slices, litres)

I've just put forty

10 (piece, kilo, slice)

of milk at the shops?

ofhomework!

Would you give me a

Howmany

(piece, slice, glass)

of advice.

That was a difficult

(spoonful, piece, cup)

5 (glass, piece, slice)

6 (slices, cups, pieces}

of cheese on your toast?

ofwater, please?

ofluggage do you have?

1 needa

of sugar in my tea.
of petral in the car.
of information.

I'd like half a

o coffee, please.

C In the following sentences, cross out al an if it is wrong, and replace it with

so me. If it is correct, puta tick (,/).
O Can you give me aa some
information, please?
O 1bought a ,/
suitcase in town this morning.
1 We need to go to the bank for a
money.
2 l'm going to havea
holiday in Scotland this year.
3 Can you see a
skier on the mountain?
snow on the road.
4 Orive carefully! There's a
bad news this morning.
5 1 hada _
6 I'd like a
petral, please.
7 Can you give mean - - - - - advice about the exam?
8 Shall 1huy you a
newspaper?
9 Wemustbuya
breadfortheweekend.

D Put one word from the box in each gap in the following dialogues.
1

of -time- is

a (x2)

sorne (x2)

sugars

A: Are you coming to the cinema this evening?

B: No, 1 haven't got 0 time
. l'm very busy at the moment.
A: Is that your brother?
B: No, my brother's much taller and his hair 1
A: How many 2

do you have in your tea?

B: I don't drink tea. Could you give me a glass 3

A: Did you have 4

brown, not black.

water, please?

good time last night?

B: I didn't go out. My teacher gave me 5

homework to do.

A: What <lid your mother say to you?

B: Oh, she just gave

piece of advice. She told me to take

" ' - - - - - - money in traveller's cheques.

PAGE 69

33

A, sorne, any, no

1 Look at these pictures:

/H&,,,

a pen

Sol'l'le pt?r6

sOMt.

food

She took some photos.

l'd like some information, please.
But we sometimes use any like this:
You can leaveat any tin1e. (=It doesn't
matter when yo u leave.)
Take any book. (=lt doesn't 1natter which
book you take.)

" food

We use a with singular countable nouns

(e.g. pen, car, friend):

I bought a pen yesterday.

Do you have a car?
He doesn't have a friend.

POSITIVE

We normally use sorne in positive sentences:

NEGATIVE

(For countable and uncountable nouns, see

unit 32.)

We usually use any in negative sentences:

1 didn't seeanygood films last year.

We use sorne or any with plural countable

nouns (pens, friends, books):

We sometimes use no, instead of not ... any:

We haven't got any food.

3

I bought sorne new pens yesterday.

John doesn't ha ve any friends.
Do you have any books about Africa?

J'm sorry, there are no buses to the n1useum.

The shops are shut, and we've gotno food.
7

QUESTIONS

We use any in questions:

We use so me or any with uncountable no u ns

(e.g. money, information, advice, news,

music, coffee, milk, toast, bread, food,
water, snow):
J haven't got any money.

Did the teacher give you any advice?

I would like so me coffee, please .

Do you speak any Russian?

But we use sorne when we ask for something
in particular:

Can you give me sorne information?

We also use sorne when we offer something in
particular:

Would you like some coffee?

.................................. ........................... ... ... ... ......................................

Practica

Put the words in brackets in the correct order to make sentences.

O A: Can I help you, sir?
B: Yes, please. l'd like to buy some furniture for my living"-'"""m"._ _ __
(to huy- for my living-room. -furniture- I'd- some-like)
A: Shall we go into town this afternoon?
B: Why? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
(shops open today. - any- There - aren't)
(Can I - cheese, please? - some-have)
B: Of course. How much would you like?

3 A'
( any- in Cambridge? - museums- Are there)
B: I don't know. We can find out at the Tourist Information Centre.
4 A: I'd like to go to Bristol, please.
B: Certainly, madam. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (any- You- train from platform 9. - can take)
PAGE

70

5 A: I'd !ove to go to South America.

B: Really? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (you speak-Spanish?- Do - any)
6 A: I'm hungry! We haven't eaten ali <lay. Look at that wonderful restaurant!
B: Wait amoment! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (money-with us. - We've- no- brought)

B Make the following statements negative. Use not ... any.

O We've got sorne photos of our holiday.
We haven't got any_.:hotos of our holidayc._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

She gave me sorne advice.

2 There are sorne good films at the cinema this week.
3 You'll find so1ne cake in the cupboard.
4 Maria had sorne heavy luggage with her at the airport.
5 There are sorne letters for you today.
6 We sa\v sorne snow on the mountains this morning.

Fil! in the gaps in the sentences below. Use sorne, anyor no.
O I'm really thirsty. I'd like some
water, please.
1 1 went to the library today, but 1 couldn't find _ _ _ _ _ interesting books.

They all looked very boring.

2 A: What would you like to eat? Eggs? Toast? Fruit?
B: Could you give me
toast, please?
3 1 bought
coffee this morning, but it's too strong forme.
4 A: Would you like something toread?
B: Yes. Could you give me
magazines, please?
5 A: I've invited sorne friends for a partytonight, but I've got _ _ _ _ _ mus1c.
B: Don't worry. I'll bring

cassettes this afternoon.

6 Could you go to the shops, please? We haven't got

7 A: Can you tell me what's happening at the airport?
B: Yes. l'm sorry, but there are
8 I'm goingto the shop. l'm going to buy

milk.

flights today.
bread.

9 A: Would you like to go to the cinema this evening?

B: Yes, but I haven't got
money.
10 A: I've got bananas, apples and pears. What would you like?

B: It doesn't matter. 1like

fruit.
PAGE 71

34 1 and me (subject and object pronouns)

3

1 Look at this:
SUBTECT

+ VERB + OBTECT

Mary

She

saw
saw

A: I 1 saw Sheila yesterday, but she 4 didn't see

me9
B: Are you 2 going to see her 12 tonzorrow?
A: No, I'm meeting Steve. We6 are playinggolf.
B: You 7 're both beginners! Jt5 isn't an easy
game. J played it 13 [ast year and I was

Peter and Paul.

them.

Note that we can use she (subject pronoun)

instead ofMary, and them (object pronoun)
instead of Peter and Paul.

terrible!
A: Why don't you co1ne with us 14 ? ive can
helpyou 10
B: I would like to play with you 15 both
tomorrow, butmy brother is leaving in the
afternoon. He 3 is catching the flvo o'clock
train, and we're taking him 11 to the
station. He's spending a month with our
aunt and uncle. They 8 live in Scotland. I
stayed with them 16 /astyear.

Here are the subject and object pronouns:

SUBJECT

singular

you
3 he
4 she
2

plural

it

6
7

we

you
8 they

OBJECT

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

me

yo u
him

hec
it

us
yo u
them

We must always have a subject in English:

Theyare coming. (Not llrc ce111i11g. )

Look at the subject and object pronouns

(1-16) in this conversation:

We use it for things and for the weather, tin1e,

days, dates, distances, and for animals:

J'n1 studying economics. It's a difficult subject.

It's hot today.
It's four o'clock.
It's Tuesday. lt's the third ofApril.
It's 200 miles to York.
Look at that bird! It's eating the bread.

... ... ... ......... ........... ... ... ... ... ............................. ... ... ...... ........................ ..
Practice

Write these sentences using subject and object pronouns instead of the underlined words.
O John and 1 saw Peter yesterday. He bought John and me a cup of coffee.
We saw Peter yesterday. He bought usa
David and Mike are arriving today. l'm meeting David and Mike at the station.
2 I'm looking for Mary. Have you seen Mary:? Mary: isn't at home.
3

John and 1 saw a film called 'The Tiger' yesterday. Have you seen 'The Tiger'?

4 Come to the swimming pool with Joanna and me. Joanna and 1 are leaving now.
5 George and Jane are meeting Paul today. Paul is having lunch with George and Jane.
6 There's Jack! Jack's gota heavy suitcase. Shall we help Jack?

PAGE 72

Look at the pictures and put pronouns in the gaps.

o _ I_
saw him
didn't see me
saw

_ ,but

didn't see

saw

, but

didn'tsec

saw

, but

didn't see

saw

, but

didn'tscc

saw

, but

didn't see

saw _

,but

didn't sce

saw

, but

__ didn't see

f
6

i.t

thern

him

her

- -

we

_t

f}

ft \

she

11

7m
l,

=i

e-

him

c.

James is talking about himself and his farnily. Put subject pronouns
(I, you etc.) in the gaps.
Hi! o 1

am James and

two brothers. 3

live in Australia. 2

've got

're called Pete and Mike. My mother works at the

is a doctor. My father works in a sports shop.s_ _ __

hospital. 4

works very hard. The shop makes a Jot of money, and 6

's always full

of people.
Now put object pronouns (me, you etc.) in the gaps.
On Saturdays 1 work for my father. l help 7
8

sorne money. On Sundays we go to the beach. We have two dogs,

and we take 9
10

in the shop, and he gives

with us. We aiso take a ball and they play with

on the beach while we swim in the sea.

Now put object or subject pronouns in the gaps.

At the moment l'm at university. l'm studying business.

11

'san

intcresting subject. Two of my schoolfriends are at university with 1_2 _ __

Our teachers are good but 13
Next week 15

give

14

a lot of work to do.

are alJ taking our first exams. 1want to get good marks

in_16_ __

PAGE

73

35

My, your; mine, yours

"" We use possessive adjectives with parts of
the body:

Her hair is red. My hands are cold.

4

This car belongs to me.

It'smycar.

mine, yours etc.

"" We use mine, yours etc. instead of my
book, your keys etc:

It's mine.
2

yours?(yours= your flat)

"" We often use possessive pronouns in
comparative sentences:

Now look at this table:

OBJECT

PRONO UN

me
you
him
hec
it
us
you
them

My flat is in the centre of town. YVhere's

POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVE

POSSESSIVE
PRONOUN

my

mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs

your

his
her
its
our
your

their

my, your etc.

"" We use my, your etc. with no u ns:

Our cat is smaller than theirs.

( theirs == their cat)

Your house is older than mine.

(mine== my house)
5

We do not use a/an or the with possessive

adjectives or pronouns:
It's -a- my bag. They're -the- ours.

Remember that its and it's are different:

I've gota newdog. Its name is Pluto.
(Its== possessive adjective)

It's cold today.

my book his hands their house

(It:S==Itis)

... Wesay:

Tony and his wife. (Not ... her vif(!.)

Sara and her husband.
(Not ... his httsband. )

Practice
A Put possessive adjectives ( my, youretc.) and possessive pronouns
(mine, yoursetc.) in the gaps.

This is ___!!ly___ car.

It's

1 That ticket belongs to you.

That's

It's

2 These shoes belong to her.

These are

This car belongs to me.

3 This house belongs to them. This is

4 These cups belong to us.

Theseare

5 Those books belong to him. Thoseare

ticket.
shoes.
house.

mine

They're
It's

cups.

They're

books.

They're

6 That bag belongs to me.

7 This key belongs to her.

That's

bag.

It's

This is

key.

It's

8 That boat belongs to them.

That's

boa t.

It's

9 Those coats belong to us.

Thoseare

coats.

They're

10 These pens belong to me.

These are

pens.

They're

11 That watch belongs to him.

That's

12 These photos belong to you. Theseare

watch.

It's

photos. They're
PAGE 74

Look at the pictures and then complete the sen ten ces.
Use my, your etc, and mine, yoursetc.

uUu

me

you

him

V,;

them

"'
o

Thoseare his
That bookis

her

keys.

car.

This is

Those are

sandwiches.

Is this bag

Those photos are

These pens are

That's

This bike is

10

This is

camera.

That ruler is

11

Is this

watch?

money.

If the underlined words are correct, puta tick (

the correct words.

If they are wrong, write

Look at the sky! Its going to rain

lt's

He's tall and bis hair is brown.

,/

Those photos on the table are the mine.

2 Those tickets for the theatre are hers.
3 Those are your books. These are theirs books.
4

I can't do this exercise. lts very difficult.

5 l've just found this passport. Is it -y:ours?

I've invited Mary and his brother to the party.

7 Why are y:our hands so cold?
8 Mrs Green is coming with her son.
9 Shall we give the cat it's food?
10 These records aren't theirs, they're our.
6

Replace the words in brackets with possessive pronouns (mine, yoursetc).

O My car is faster than (your car).
1 Her house is bigger than (my house).
2 Your watch is more expensive than (his watch).
3 My exams are more difficult than (their exams).
4 Their garden is more beautiful than (our garden).
5 Your son is younger than (her son).
6 My husband is stronger than (your husband).
7 Her job is harder than (his job).
PAGE 75

36 Much, many; how much, how many; more

2

We also use more to talk about quantity:

John did two exams yesterday, and he is doing

two more exams today.
We have sorne food, butwe will need more food
for the party tonight. Shall we go to the shops?

many people in the restaurant.

We often say sorne more or any more:

A: Would you like some more toast?

B: No, thanks. 1don't want any more. But
could I have sorne more orange juice?

1 don't have much money.

We use much and many to talk about
quantity.
We normally use rnuch and many in negative
senten ces:

We use:
.,.. rnuch with uncountable nouns:

much food
much time

A : J'm so lnmgry.

B: J'm sorry, 1don't have much food in the

house. Shall we go out to a restaurant?
I haven't bought many records this year.
We also use rnuch and rnany in questions:
Do many tourists come here?
Is there much snow in the mountains?
We can use how much and how rnany in
questions:
How much luggage have you got?
How many times have you been to London?

much luggage much snow

much money

(For uncountable nouns, see w1it 32.)

.,.. many with plural nouns:

many things many books ma11y records

many people many tourists many times
.,.. more with uncountable and plural nouns:

more toast!juice more glasses

.,.. much/rnany/more without a noun:

How much did that coat cost?

A: That cake was delicious.
B: Would you like some more (cake)?

....................... .............................. ................ .... .... ... ....... ... ... ....
Practice

Write much or many in front of these nouns.

O How much money... ?
6 How ___ cigars ... ?

14 How

times... ?

O How many_ films .. . ?

7 How ____ sugar. .. ?

O . not many people.

8 How _ _ buses ... ?

How _ _ _ snow. .. ?
2 How _ _ tables ... ?
cats. .. ?
3 How _
_ petrol. .. ?
4 How _

10 How _ _ food ... ?

11 How _ _ cups ... ?

18 . . . not _ _ _ exams.

19 . .. not _ _

luggage.

12 How _ _

20 . .. not _ _

children.

5 How_

13 How __

_ advice... ?

How _

books.. . ?

watches. .. ?
homework. .. ?

] 5 How _
information ... ?
16 How _ _ toast. .. ?
17 .. . not _

21

... not _

news.

museums.

B Complete these dialogues. The words in the brackets are in the wrong order.
Put them in the right order.
O A:

gat much money'?

(you - much-got- money? - have)

B: No, I haven't. I'm on my way to the bank.

A: Did you vfait many museums in Paris?

B: No, we didn't. _ _ _ _ - - (much - we- have - didn't - time)

PAGE

76

(films- this year?- many-have-seen-you)

B: Yes. I've been to the cinema quite often.
3 Ao

(did - milk - mu ch - buy? - how- you)

B: 1got two litres.
4 A: Did you go to the Tourist Office?
B: Yes,but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

(much-didn't- get- 1- information)

5 A: Did you have a good time at the zoo?
B: Not really. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

(animals- see- many-we-didn't)

(sugar- much-you-want in yourcoffee?-how-do)
B: Two spoonfuls, please.
7 Ao

(children - many- ha ve? - how- you - do)

B: Three, at the moment! Two boys anda girl.

8 A: Is it easy to get to Bodmin from here?

B: No, it isn't.
( aren't- trains - there - man y)

Put in many, mu ch or more.

Steve: What did you do on Sunday?
Jenny: l had a terrible day. l meta friend at the airport, beca use he said he hada lot
ofluggage, and he wanted sorne help. But his plane was two hours late, and
he didn't have 0 much

luggage! What aboutyou?

Steve: f went into town to buy sorne books. I spent fSO!

Jenny: How 1

books did you huy?

Steve: Only three! In fact, l want to huy sorne

books tomorrow.

Jenny: 1 don't have e'____ time toread at the moment. We're so busy
at the office.
hours a day do you work?

Steve: How 4

Jenny: I do eight hours at the office, and then I do two e'____ hours at home!
Steve: Do you get 6

money for that?

Jenny: No, 1 don't get much, but I enjoy the work.

Steve: Why don't you ask your boss for sorne 7

money?

opportunities. She's always in America on business.

Jenny: 1don't have
Steve: 1see. Listen, do you want sorne_,____ advice?
8

Jenny: OK.
Steve: Look for a new job!

PAGE

77

37 Alotof, alittle, afew

1 Look at this example with a lot of:

She's gota lot ofluggage.

She has a little luggage.

She has a few bags.

(alot of =a big amount or number)

In spoken English, we usually use a lot of in

positive sentences:
Therc's a lot of information in this book.
(Not Thcre's 1r1uch infi:JrmatiiJH in this beek.)
I bought a lot of new books today.
(Not I heught n1a1lj nni heeks toda>)
A lot ofstudents work in the holidays.
But in written English, we often use much
and many in positive sentences:
Britain has many problems.
2

Weuse:
..,. a lot of with uncountable nouns:
a lot of luggage
a lot of information
..,. alot of with plural nouns:
a lotofbooks
a lot of students
a lot ofpeople
a lot of things
Use a plural verb with a plural noun:
A loto[students work (Not ... ..'6rks.)
Use a singular verb with a singular noun:

Look at these examples with a few anda little:

(a few and alittle ==a small amount or

number)
We can use a few anda little with more:

Would you like a little more coffee?

5 Weuse:
.,. a little with uncountable nouns:
1 havea little money, but 1 don't have

mueh.
.,. a few with plural nouns:
Can you waita few minutes, John?
We can use a few anda littlewithout a noun:

A: Have you got any money?

B: Sorry. 1only havea little (money).
6

Here are sorne common uncountable nouns:

coffee
water
sugar

milk
bread
news

cheese
money
luggage

cake
advice
homework

There is a lot ofinformation in this book.

(Not ... aFC )

............................................................................................................
Practice

A Write the second line of these dialogues using the words in brackets. Put in a
lot of in the right place.
O A: Are you going to the cinema tonight?
B: (No, I have homework to do) No 1have a lot of homework to do.

A'
B'
2 A'
B'
3 A'
B'
4 A'
B'

Are you hungry?

(No, 1 ate cake in town.)
Do you want sorne help?
(Yes, please. 1 have luggage.)
Did you enjoy the party?
(Yes, 1 met interesting people.)
Can you pay for our plane tickets?
(Yes, I have money at the moment.)
PAGE

78

5 A' Is Bill coming?

s, (No, he isn't. He has things to do.)
6 A' Did she help you?

s,

(Yes, she gave me good advice.)

B What do you see in the pictures?Writeyour answers. Use a lotof, afewor a little.

_g__

a few pens

VJ)
4

r!O

Bo
-

..'. .

'

- ' -:

A friend is visiting yo u. Rewrite the questions you ask him, using a fewor a
littJe instead of some.

O Would you like sorne coffee?

Would you

like

1 Would you like sorne biscuits? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 Shall I make you sorne sandwiches? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 Would you like sorne cheese? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

4 Can 1bring you sorne c a k e ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 Would you like sorne milk in your coffee? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 Would you like sorne more sugar in your coffee? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

In these sentences, tick(,/) the underlined words if they are right. Rewrite
them if they are wrong.
O There !. are
alotoftallbuildingsinNewYork.
O 1bought a
./'
presents today.
1 Alotofpeople travels _ _ _ _ _ toworkbycar.
2 She only has a little
3 We need a little

luggage with her.

tomatoes for this meal.

4 There are
a lot of news on TV in Britain.
advice before 1went to university.
5 My father gave me a little
6 Could you give me a few
water, please?
computers in school.
7 A lot of children use
sandwiches?
8 Are yo u hungry? Shall I make yo u a little _
PAGE

79

38

Adjectives (big, new etc.)

1 We use adjectives to describe people and

When we use two adjectives before a noun,

we put in a comma (,):
He's a nice, old man.
Wben we use two adjectives without a noun,
we usc and:
You look tired and liungry.

When we use more than one adjective, thcre

is a general guide to the correct order:

things. Here are some cxamples:

old

small

friendly

rich

cheap

Look at these sentences:

/'ve bought <111 old table jor my kitchen.
My home town is small and friendly.
We had lunch in a cheap restaurant.
2

The form of adjcctives never changes:

a rich man a rich woman two rich men

SIZ I! + AGl; +COI.OVR +NATIONALITY +MATERIA L

a rrew,J

We put an adjective before a noun :

ADJECTlVE

beautiful

I saw a

bag

bi&J I French 1 house

;: lsmall, rwoo-d-e1-1,j---ta_b_le_ _ _

+ NOUN

cat.

We often use 'materials' as adjectivcs:

a cotton shirt a silver ring a plastic bag

We put an adjcctivc after be:

be + ADJEcn VEl

They are hungry.

We somet mes use these verbs instead ofbe:
look

feel

taste

smell

sowtd

Here are sorne exarnples:

She looks happy.
Tltis cheese tastes wonderful.
I feelcold .

Here are sorne common 'nationality'

adjectives:
American
German
Portuguese
Australian
Greek
Russian
Chinese
Indian
Turkish
Dutch
Italian
South African
English
Japanese
Spanish
French
Polish
Swedish

... . .... ... .... ....... ...... ............. ......... ..... .. ... ...
Pra ctice
A

There are twelve adjectives in this story. Underline t hem.

1 wcnt fo.r :i long walk in the countrp.ae

}t

was a hol daJ; cu1d s<JOn } was

ti red and Lhirsty. Therc was a small house by the sidc of the road, and 1 decided to ask
for a glass of co]d water. l rang the bcll andan old lady opened the big, woodcn
<loor. She looked kind and she offered me a glass of fresh juice. It tasted great!

Put adjectives from the box in these sentences.

h ungry

new

terrible --expeAsfve- sad

wonderful

ltalian

fresh

difficult

O Gold rings are normally

This food smells
2 Jtwasa _ __
3 l've just bought a

! J love fish ancl chips.

exam. l'm sure Thaven't passed.
___ sports car.

4 l met mywife in Rome, but she isn't

5 He looks

. l don't think he likes hisjob.

6 Are you

? Shall Tbuy sorne sandwiches?

7 This orange juice tastes

- - Isit

?
PAGE

80

Puta verb from the box in each sentence. Use the correct form.
1

took (x3)

feel (x2) -<aste- sound(x2)

smell

O Taste
these apples. I've already eaten two. They're delicious!
1 That music _ _ _ _ _ terrible. What group is playing?
2 You

thirsty. Can 1 get you a cold drink?

3 Those tlowers look nice and they ______ good too. What are they?
4 I saw Jane yesterday, but I didn't speak to her. She
5 Could you close the <loor, please? I _ _ _ _ _ cold.
6 The sun's shining, I'm on holiday and 1
7 That new picture will

tired.

happy!

wonderful in your dining-room.

8 Do you knowwhere that song comes from? It

Spanish.

D Look at these sentences. If you think the adjectives are in thewrong order,
change the order. Ifyou think the order is correct, puta tick (.f) .
O She lost a gold, small ring at the disco yesterday night.
small

_ _ __

O 1 have an old, Italian painting in my living-room .

.(

I'm looking for my cotton,_green shirt and my brown, leather shoes.

2 George has a

modero villa near the sea. He goes there every summer.

3 1 live in an ol4, white house near the river. I've gota black,

dog!

4 I hadan interesting talle with a Polish,_-r.:oung student last week.

5 We are having lunch in a hlg,1-ranese, new restaurant in the centre of town.
6 l left all my books in a red,_pJastic bag on the bus. I was so stupid!

E Here are the names of some famous people from di1ferent countries. Put their
nationalities in the blanks.

The Beatles

1 Abba

They're English

7 Steven Spielberg

He's

They're

8 Brigitte Bardot
9 Karl Marx

She's

2 Madonna

She's

3 Vincent Van Gogh

He's

10 Leonardo da Vinci
11

5 MaoZedong

He's
He's _ _ _ _ _ _ .

12 Steffi Graf

She's

6 Nelson Mandela

He's

13 Mahatma Gandhi

He's

MelGibson

LeoTolstoy

He's
He's
He's

PAGE 81

39

Cardinal and ordinal numbers (three, third)

1 Look at these examples:

18
19
20
21
22
30

Three students ivere late.

She lives on the third fioor.
Three is a cardinal number.
Third is an ordinal number.
2

Now lookat these tables:

CARDINAL NUMBERS

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

one
two
three
four

five

six
seven
eight
n1ne
ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen_
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen

ORDINAL NUMBERS

lst
2nd
3rd
4th
Sth
6th
7th
8th
9th
IOth
llth
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th

first
second
third

fourth

thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth

CARDINALS

18th
l 9th
20th
2lst
22nd
30th

eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
twenty-first
lwenty-second
thirtieth

(40to4,,)

40 forty
SO fifty
100
101
1000
1,000,000

fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh

twelfth

eighteen
nineteen
twenty
twenty-one
twenty-two
thirty

60 sixty
80 eighty
70 seventy 90 ninety
a hundred
a hundred and one
a thousand
amillion

200 two hundred

210 two hundred and ten
3000 three thousand
$4,000,000 four million dollars

Look at how we say these dates:

I 3th June: The thirteenth of]une.
]une the thirteenth.
1994: Nineteen ninety-four.
26th March 1995 (26.3.95): The twentysixth of March, 11inetee11 ninety-five.

.. ... ........................ ........... ... ... ...... ... ... .............................. ... .................
Practica

A Tick ( ,/) the correct form in each pair. Puta line through the wrong form.

a hueclfed sixteen

a hundred and sixteen ./

1 ( 49)

fourty-nine

forty-nine

2 (600)

sixhundred

six hundreds

( 116)

(4th)

fourth

forth

(12th)

twelvth

twelfth

two thousand dollars

two thousands dollars

twenty-three

twenty-third

7 (78)

eighty-seven

seventy-eight

8 (8th)

eightth

eighth

9 (17)

seventeen

seventeenth

fiveth

fifth

seven million

seven millions

12 (9th)

ninth

nineth

13

(30th)

thirteenth

thirtieth

14

(395)

three hundred and ninety-five

three hundred ninety-five

5 ($2,000)
6

(23cd)

10 (Sth)
11

(7,000,000)

PAGE 82

Write out the following numbers.

two hundred and eleven
o (211 )

9 (14)

(462)

10 (2nd)

(20th)

11

( 1st)

12 (68)

(12th)

13 (34th)
14 (150)

5 (9,000,000)

(310)

15 (3rd)

(8th)

16 (25th)

(1 11)

17 ( 19th)

Look at where these people live in the block of flats. Finish the sentences, as in the example.
John lives in flat forty on the fourth floor.
'@
FLAT 72 PETER
Aoor7
l Charles lives in flat
.................................................

2 Maria _

Aoor6

3 Diana

Aoor5

Michael

Aoor4

5 Peter

Aoor3

Aoor2

7 Ann

Floor 1

'-

8 Olver

(5,000)

"

FLAT 61 OLIVER

n:At54Til'59.AN

....................

JOHN
FUT40
................................................
FLAT37 Diana

rur23cHAiliirFris
..........................
.........
FLAT 11 MARIA

..,i

Write the dates and years in words in this interview, using the information in brackets ( ).

A: When wereyou born?

B: was born on o t he thi_rteent h of October, nineteen s ixty-flve. ( 13. l 0.65)
A: When did you go to secondary school?

B: Jn 1_ _ _ _ __

_ __

(1976)

A: And when cd you leave secondary school?

B: Seven years later. My final exam was on 2 - - --

- - --

( 16.6.83)

A: Did you start university in the same year?

B: Yes, on 3

- - - - - - - (29 September)

A: Did you spend three or four years there?

B: Well, I left in 4

- - -- - - (1987). That's four years.

A: And your first job? When was that?

B: I started work in an office on 5

(1 0.1.88)

A: Did you enjoy it? How long dd you stay?

B: It was terrible! I left two months later, on 6_ _ __

_ (9th March)

A: What <lid you do then?

B: l went to America. I spent two years n New York. I returned to England in
7

(1990)

PAGE

83

40

Comparative adjectives (cheaper, more beautiful)

... long adjectives (two syllables or more):

1 Look at the way we compare things:

1 ADJECTIVB

COMPARATIVE

famous
more famous
more difficult
difficult
more careful
careful
1 expensiv_e_ _ __
more expensive
.,. adjectives ending with -y:

f50per ni&*

The Plaza Hotel is cheaper than the Excelsior.

The Excelsior Hotel is bigger than the Plaza.
The Excelsior is more expensive than the Plaza.
The Plaza Hotel is smaller than the Excelsior.
2

Cheaper and more expensive are comparative

adjectives. We form thern like this:
.,. short adjectives (ooe syllable):
ADJECTIVE

old
long
nice
new
slow
fat
hot
1 big

happier
hungrier

.,. irregular adjectives:

good
bad

better
worse

(For more information, see Table F, page 97. )

3

To compare things, we use a comparative

adjective + than:

COMPARATIVE

older
longer
nicer
newer
slower
fatter
hotter
bigger

Tom is richer than PauL

Pars is more beautiful than London.
My new car is better than my old one.

......... .......... ........ .................... ....... .............. ........

Practice
A Write the comparative form of these adjectives.

cold

colf!R._

13 long

4 good

14 hungry
15 nice
16 happy
17 difficult

5 fat

18 old

6 famous
7 new

19 beautiful

big

2 careful
3 expensive

20 friendly
21 hot
22 wonderful

- -

8 modern
9 young

JO cheap
11 delicious

12 rich

- - -

23 bad

24 small
25 sad

------ -- - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - ------ - -- ----- ----- -- -- - - - - - -- - - ---- - - - --- --- - -

- - -

--PAGE

84

B Write comparative sentences about the pictures using than and the words in brackets ( ).
Use the Present Simple.

gy
ToM

11l

4-@ .
Ala.s.ko.

5om

brother

Tom is j:;aller than S-'11._ _

(be/tall/)

1 (be/cold)

Jane

Mike.

5te11e

si"';"

- - -

--- - -

_ ___ _ _ _

___

-- -- -

2 (be/hungry)
3 (be/small)

- --

- --

- --

- - - - --

- - -

- - -- -- -- -

4 (be/happy)
5 (be/young)

6 (be/rich)
7 (be/friendly)

- - - ------------ --- - - -

- --

Look at these two boats> the Queen Anne and the King John.

Que.en- Anne

Now put words from the box in the sentences.

-hlggerslower
is [ KingJohn (x2)
[Q
_ u_e_en Anne (x2) _ _Io_ng_e_r_ _
ex_p_ens_iv_e_ _ i_n_ore
O The Queen Anne is
1 The King John is smaller _

than]
__

_ _ than the King John.

_ _ __ __ the Queen Anne.

2 The Queen Anne is _ _ _ __ _ _ _ modern than the King John.

3 The King John _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ older than the Queen Anne.
__ is faster than the _ _ _ _ _ __
4 The _ _ _ _
5 The Queen Anne is more _ _ _ _ _ _ __ than the King John.
6 The King John is _ _ __ __ _ than the Queen Anne.
7 The

_ _ _ is cheaper than the _ __ _ _

8 Tbe Queen Anne is _ _

_ _ - -

_ _ _ _ _ _ than tbe King John.

PAGE

85

41

Superlative adjectives (the newest, the biggest)

1 Read this telephone conversation:

A: Tourist Jnfor1nation. Can I help?

We usually use the befare the superlative:

London is the biggest cty in England.

The Taj Mahal is the most beautiful
building i11 the world.

B: Yes, please. l'm coming to Wentbridge this

weekend, and l'tn /ookingfor agood hotel.

A: Well, the Scotsman is the oldest hotel in
Wentbridge, but it's also the most
expensive. Tl1e Castle is the most
beautiful. The Prince is the newest and
the biggest ...
2

Note that we use in (not -6f.) for places after

the superlative:

... the richest n1an in Europe.

(Not ... e1{Bttfflfie.)
We do not always use a noun after a
superlative adjective:

Oldest, most expensive, newest are

superlative adjectives. We for1n superlative
adjectives with -estor most. Lookat
this table:
ADJECTIVE

SUPERLATIVE

cheap
big
>ad
famous
difficult
hungry

the cheapest
thebiggest
thesaddest
the most famous
the most difficult
the hungriest

George and Mary have three children. Mike

is the oldest.
A: Which table did you buy?
B: Themostexpensive.
4

We often use the Present Perfect with ever

after the superlative:

That was the best film l've ever seen.

A: How was your holiday?
B: Fantastic! Iceland is the most beautiful

country l'veevervisited.

Good and bad are irregular:

good
bad

the best
the worst

(Por more information, see Table F, page 97.)

Practice
A Put the words in brackets ( ) in the right order to make sentences.
O ( the world - Antarctica - coldest- is- place- the - in)
Antarctica is the coldest

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

1 (city- the - Manchester - in England- is- friendliest)

2 (in New York-expensive- restaurant-The Manhattan-the-is- most)
3

(is- river- the world- the- The Nile-longest-in)

4 (town- n1ost- in Spain - Granada- beautiful-is- the)

5 (painting- The Mona Lisa- the - famous- in -is - most- the world)
6 (the- Europe- mountain - in -highest- Mont Blanc- is)

PAGE 86

B Fill the gaps in these dialogues, using the and the superlative form of the
word in brackets.
O A: Which cities <lid you visit?.

B: Bath, Oxford and York.

A: And which did you like best?
B: I thought that Bath was the most beautiful

(beautiful).

A' Have you finished all your exams?

B' Yes, I <lid the last one today.

A Was it difficult?
B' Yes. It was __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (bad).
2 A' It's your birthday, isn't it?
B, Yes. I'm 25 today.

A' Shall we go to Maxime's tonight?

B' Are you sure? It's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (cxpensive) restaurant in town!
3 A' Can I help you?
B' Yes, I want to flyto Los Angeles.

Howmuchare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (cheap) tickets?

4 A' Did you enjoythat?
B, Yes. Itwas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (delicious) meal I've ever eaten.
5 A' What are you going to see?
B' We're going to see 'The Winner:
It's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (good) film in London at the moment.

6 A: Yo u must visit the castle before yo u leave.

B: Why?
A: It's

(old) castle in England.

7 A: Would you, or John or Michael, like the last sandwich?

B: Me please; I'm

(hungry).

8 A: Whichjumperis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (nice)?
B: I don't know. They're ali wonderful!

Use the words in brackets ( ) to write sentences.

Use the + superlative, and the Present Perfect + ever.
O (It's/cold/place/I/visit) lt's the coldest
(It's/biglship/I/see)
2 (He's/rich/man/I/meet)

3 ( It' si difficult/exam/I/ do)

4 ( It's/sad/film/I/see)
5 (She's/happy/ person/I/ meet)
6

( It's/modern/flat/I/see)

7 ( It's/hot/ coun try/l/visi t)

8 (It's/small/dog/I/see)
PAGE 87

42

Adjectives and adverbs (quick, quickly)

1 Here are some adjectivcs and adverbs:

ADJECTIVE

ADVERB

quick
careful

quickly
carefully

easy

easily

We form most adverbs (e.g. slowly ) by

adding -Iy toan adjective (e.g. slow):
slow-+ slowly

If the adjective ends in -y, we e han ge the y to i

and lhen add -/y:

...:..___j

happy-+ happily

Adjcctives usually describe nouns. We

normally use adjectives to talk about people
and things:
ADJECTIVE

She's a

A DJECTIVE

ivorker.

!she

+ ADVERB

ivorks

quickly.

ADVERB 1

hard

1 hard

Adverbs usually describe verbs. Wc use

adverbs to talk about how people do things:
VERB

easy -+ easily

There are sorne adverbs that are the same as

the adjective:

+ NOUN

quick

bad-+ badly 1

fast

fast
late

late

Adjective: Hes a fa.st runner.

Adverb: He nms fast.
The adverb from good is well:
She's a good player. She plays well.

Here are some more examplcs:

Adjective + noun: English is an easy

Here is the word order that we normally use

with adverbs:

language.
Verb + advcrb: Yo11 can leam English easily.

Adjective + noun: He's a careful driver.

Verb + adverb: He drives carefully.

l She

VERB

+ ADVER.B

swims beautifully.
V E RB +OBJECT + ADVBRB

He

ate

his food

slowly.

.... ............ . .. ... . ..... ..... ......... ................. .

Practice
A In these dialogues underline the adjectives and circle the adverbs.
O A: I think he's a good worker. What do you think?
B: l'm not sure. He

but he makes sorne bad mistakes.

A: He's a wonderful skier. He skis quickly and beautifully.

B: Jn my opinion, he skis dangerously. He's a stupid skier.

2 A: J Ie's a rich and powerful man. He lives expensively.
B: Yes, but he spends money carefulJy. He buys valuable objects.
3 A: Paul, Jane, Diana and Mark live in a big, old house in Scolland.
They live happily together.
B: J know they're happy, but the house is expensivc and so they live cheaply.
4 A: This bread tastes awful. Did you cook it correctly?
B: If you think it's horrible, why are you eating it so hungrily?
5 A: She's very young, but she sings and dances beautifully.
B: She's a wonderful singer, but she dances badly in my opinion.
PAGE

88

B Rewrite these sentences using an adverb instead of an adjective.

O Peter is abad tennis player.

1 He's a dangerous driver.

Peter zlays tennis

_____

Hedrives
Sheswims

2 She's a fast swimmer.

3 Martin is a good cook.

4 I'm a slowwriter.
5 She's a wonderful dancer.

6 Sheila is a hard worker.

7 They aren't quick learners.

Complete the senten ces by choosing an ending from the box.

the road carefully
their homework well

the piano badly

his car fast

her breakfast slowly

Arabic perfectly

an hour late

O He drives

his car fast.

l Sheplays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2 Maria a t e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 They speak - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 You must always c r o s s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 Theyall < l i d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 The plane arrived _____________________

D Correct any of the adjectives and adverbs in CAPITALS that are wrong. Puta
tick( .f) if the adjective or adverb is correct.
O It isn't EASY to learn a language FASTLY and WELL.

___L_

fast

__._____

1 She always arrives LATE, but she works GOOD.

2 They are WONDERFULLY tennis players. Theynormallywin EASILY.
3 George is RICH. He works HARD and he makes moneyQUICK.
4 He's a HAPPILY man. He can singWELL and he can dance BEAUTIFUL.
5 She drove ANGRILY and almost hada BADLY accident.
6 Work CAREFULLY and SLOW, and you will pass the exam EASY.
7 He doesn't write CLEARLY, but he's a very QUICKLY worker.

PAGE 89

43

Adverbs of frequency ( always, never)

1 Look at how often Jane <loes things in ayear:

She has a cup of tea at breakfast 365

She goes to the cinema
1O
She walks to work
O
She goes swimming
52 1
She goes on holiday
2

Oo/o
5/o
l Oo/o
30/o

We cansay:

She always has a cup of tea at breakfast.

She sometimes goes to the cinema.
She never walks to work.
She goes swimming every week.
She goes on holiday twice ayear.
2

We use these adverbs to talle about how often

we do things:

always usually normally often

sometimes rarely hardly ever never
We put always, usually etc. after be oran
auxiliary (e.g. have, must):

He is always late.
l've often been to Spain for my holidays.
You must never swin1 after a big rneal.

We can compare the meaning of these

adverbs like this:
never
hardly ever
rarely
sometimes

100% t always
90/o 1 usually
80% normally
70% often

(We usually say the word often without

pronouncing the letter t.)
4

If we want to say exactly how often we do

things, we use these expressions:

every. .. once a... twice/two times a ...

three times a... four times a ...
We put these expressions at the end of
sentences. Here are sorne examples:
I run round the park every day.
I play ten nis once a week.

She drinks coffee three times a day.

I go skiing once ayear.
He drives to London twice a month.

But we put always etc. befare main verbs:

1 usually walk to work.

She hardly ever drinks coffee.

Practice
A

Put the words in brackets ( ) in the right place in these sentences.

O 1 work late at the office.
(often) 1often work late at the office.
1 You must lock the front doorwhen you leave.
(always)-.-------------------------------2 Steve and Jill play golf.
(twicea month) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 eat a sandwich for lunch.
(usually) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 1 go to jazz concerts at the weekend.

(sometimes) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

My teacher gives me a lot ofhomework.

(everyday) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

6 We see our Mexican friends.

(hardlyever) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

PAGE 90

7 They go to Morocco for their holidays.

(often) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
8 Bill and Marie go to the theatre.
(four times ayear)
9 They are at home in the evening.
(rarely) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

B Match the words in the box with the pictures, and write sentences about
Philip and Elizabeth.
get up early (always)
watch TV (sometimes)
go for a walk on Sunday (usually)
eat ltalian food (often)
go to the cinema (rarely)
travel abroad (hardly ever)
take taxis (rarely)
feel unhappy (never)

They rarely_go to the cinema.

I They
2 They

3
4
5

6
7

Look at the table below about John's activities.

<lay

swimming
anewspaper
his mother
ashower
abroad
sister
tennis

week

month year

2
1

3
2
1

3
4

Write sentences about John's activities, using the table and thewords in
brackets. Use the Present Simple.
O (He/go/swimming/ ... ) ____t::if_goes
-------------(He/buy/a newspaper/ ... ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 (He/phone/hismother/ ... ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 (He/have/ashower/ ... ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4 (He/go/ahroad/ ... ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 (He/visit/his sister/ ... ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 (He/play/tennis/ ... ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PAGE 91

44 And, but, so, both ... and, either ... or, neither . .. nor
1 We use and and both ... and to link two

We use so to link a situation and a result:

- - --

similar ideas in one sentence:

She is h ungry.

Sbe is tired.

She is tired and hungry.

She is both tired and hungry.

SITUATION:

RESULT:

J'm tired.

I'm going to bed.

going to bed.
I'm tired, so T'm

They were late, so they mssed the train.

We use or and either ... orto talk about two

possibilities:
POSSIBJ LITY A:

POSSIBILITY B:

She's French.

She's Swiss.

L-..

We use but to contrast two different ideas:

------'

She's Frenih or Swiss.

She's either French or Swiss.
That man is either a footballer oran actor.
1 never work all day. I work either in the
morning or in the afternoon.

Heswims.

He doesn't play tennis.

5 We use neither ... nor to put two negative

statements together:
Peter didn't come. J oan didn't comje

'---- ----v--

He swims, but he doesn't play tennis.

I live in Bristol, but 1 work in London.

__J

Neither Peter nor Joan came.

The verb form (carne) is positive, beca use

neither ... nor makes the sentence negative:
Not

Practice

Put butor so in the gaps.

O The film was very long,

f _b\J1..__ it was interesting.

l _so_ _ wegothomelate.

1 The restaurant is very expensive, {

_ the food is terrible.

only rich people go there.
I don't have mucb free time.

2 I'm studying hard,

3 I've got her address,

I can write to her.

I haven't got her phone number.

we went to the seaside.

the sea was too cold.

f --

they wanted to eat in a restaurant.

We wanted to swim,

5 They didn't have any money,

6 I lost my bag,

l _

f'm not making much progress.

they couldn't go to a restaurant.

f ---- I went to the police station.

l _ _ l found f l Oin my pocket.

PAG E 92

B Combine these sentences with both ... and.

O Jane owns a shop. She owns a restaurant.

Jane owns both a shoR anda restaurant.

l This restaurant is cheap. lt is nice.

2 Christine bought a dress. She bought a jumper.
3 They play golf. They play tennis.
4 The film was funny. lt was exciting.

C Now combine these sentences with either ... or.

POSSIBILITY A:

She'sattheoffice.

POSSIBILITY B:

She'sattheairport.

She's either at the office or at the airRort. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

POSSIBILITY A:

Paul'sathome.

POSSIBILITY B:

Paul'satthesportscentre.

POSSIBILITY A:

TheshopisinEastStreet.

POSSIBILITY B:

TheshopisinFoxStreet.

POSSIBILITY A:

Herfatherisadoctor.

POSSIBILITY B:

Herfatherisadentist.

POSSIBILITY A'.

The museum is in Oxford.

POSSIBILITY B:

The museum is in Cambridge.

D Now combine these sentences with neither ... nor.

O Chris didn't have time to take a holiday. Sheila didn't have time to take a holiday.
Neither Chris nor Sheila had time to take a holiday".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The bus didn't arrive on time. The train didn't arrive on time.

2 David doesn't play tennis. Mike doesn't play tennis.

3 The restaurants aren't good. The hotels aren't good.
4 The English team didn't playwell. The Scottish team didn't play well.

E Joan is writing to Georg e. Put words from the box in the gaps.
so
-9eth-

but (x2)
either

and
or

I've arrived in Scotland. The weather is terrible! It's 0 both

cold

wet. The mountains are beautiful,

don't forget your
3
camera. The hotel is comfortable, _ _ _ _ it's very small. I want to write
sorne postcards, _,____ l've forgotten my address book. Can you bring it
2

with you? It's ____ in the kitchen

in the living-room.

PAGE 93

Formtables
Table A

Plural nouns

SINGULAR

PLURAL

book
apple
photo

books
apples
photos

+-es
With nouns that end with -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x,
weadd-es:

bus
dress
box

buses
dresses
boxes

-f/-fe-+-ves

wolf
life

wolves
lives
knives

+-s
With most nouns we add
plural:

to make them

We change -f/-fe to -ves in the plural:

knife

y-+ -ies

family

With nouns that end with a consonant* +-y,

we change the -yto -ies:

city
country

kcegulac nouns

man
child
foot

men
children

I/you/we/they

He/she/it

walk
leave
me

walks
leaves
uses

pass
finish

passes
finishes
teaches
goes

Table B

Present Simple

+ -s
After he/she/it, we add -s to most Present
Simple verbs:
+-es
We add -es to verbs that end with -ss, -sh,
-ch, -o (e.g. finish, go):

y-+ -ies
We change -yto -ies with verbs that end with
a consonant,._ +-y:

teach

families
cities
countries

fe et

go
do

<loes

cry
try
fly

cries
tries
flies

* Consonants:

b e d f g h j k 1m n p q r s t v w x y z
vo,vels: a e i o u
Syllables: 1htl=l syllable; 1vil st1=2 syllables;
1rel1neml berl=3 syllables

form tables

PAGE

94

Table C

-ing forms

+ -ing
With most verbs we add -ing:

-e-+ -ing
With verbs that end with a consonant"' +-e,
we delete the -e and add -ing:

INFINITIVE

-ing

FORM

walk
go

walking
going

come
have
take

coming
having
taking

make

making

ie-+ -ying

lie

lying

With verbs that end with -ie, we change -ie

to -ying:

die

dying

get

getting
running
shopping

-t-+ -tting
With verbs that end with one vowel* + one
consonant (e.g. sit, hit, shop), we double the

rnn

shop

consonant:
+-ing
But note that we do not double the

consonant,
(1)

when it is a y orw (e.g. play),

(2)

when the last syllable"' is not stressed

play
snow
remember
visit
listen

playing
snowing
remembering

visiting
listening

(e.g. VISit, L!Sten ):

Table D

Regular verbs: Past Simple and past participle

INFINITIVE

PAST SIMPLE

PAST
PARTICIPLE

+-ed
With most verbs we add -ed:

walk
finish

walked
finished

walked
finished

+-d

live
phone

lived
phoned

lived
phoned

Y-+ -ied
With verbs that end with a consonant"" +-y,
we change the y to -ied:

apply
try

applied
tried

applied
tried

p-+ -pped
With verbs that end with one vowel"" + one
consonant (e.g. stop), we double the consonant:

stop

plan

stopped
planned

stopped
planned

+-ed
But note that we do not double the consonant
(1) when it is a yor w(e.g. stay),
(2) when the last syllable"" is not stressed
(e.g. LISten, HAppen, Open):

stay
listen
happen
open
visit

stayed
lis tened
happened
opened
visited

stayed
listened
happened
opened
visited

With verbs ending with -e, we add -d:

* Consonants:

b e d f g h j k 1m n p q r s t v w x y z
Vowels: a e i o u
Syllables: 1 hitl=l syllable; 1 vil sitl=2 syllables;
1 rel nzem 1 ber1=3 syllables
forn1 tables

PAGE

95

Table E
INFINITIVE

Irregular verbs: Past Simple and past participle

PAST SIMPLE

PAST

INFINITIVE

PAST SIMPLE PAST

PARTICIPLE

be

was/were
became

been

drink
drive
eat

began
broke
brought
built
bought
caught
chose
carne
cost
cut
did
drank
drove
ate

lall
feel

fell
felt

begun
broken
brought
built
bought
caught
ch osen
come
cost
cut
done
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen

find
fly
forget

found
flew
forgot

becon1e
begin
break
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
do
1

g1ve
go

ha ve
he ar
hold
keep
know
learn

leave
lose

beco me

felt

found
flown
forgotten
gave
given
went
gone
had
had
heard
heard
held
held
kept
kept
known
knew
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
left
left
lost
lost

PARTICIPLE

make
mean
meet
pay
put
read
ring
rnn
say
see

made

meant
met
paid
put
read
rang
ran
said
saw

made
meant
met
paid
put

sell

sold

send
shine
show
shut
sing
sit
sleep
smell
stand
steal
sw1m
take
tea ch
tell
think
throw
understand
wear
wm
write

sent
shone
showed
shut
sang
sat
slept
smelt
stood
stole
swam
took
taught
told
thought
threw
understood
wore
won
wrote

read
rung
run
said
seen
sold
sent
shone
shown/showed
shut
sung
sat
slept
smelt
stood
stolen
swum
!
taken
taught
told
thought
thrown
understood
worn
won
written

form tables

PAGE

96

Table F

Comparative and superlative adjectives

ADJECTIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

+ -er/-est

long

We add -er /-est to short adjectives

(one-syllable* adjectives):

tall

longer
taller
younger
cheaper

the longest
the tallest
the youngest
the cheapest

big
hot
fat

bigger

the biggest

hotter
fatter

the fattest

more/most

expens1ve

more expensive

the most expensive

We use more Jthe most befare

famous

morefamous

the most famous

y-+ -ier/-iest
easy
But note that with adjectives ending with -y happy
(e.g. happy), we change -yto -ier /-iest:

easier
happier

the easiest
the happiest

Irregular adjectives

good
bad

better
worse

the best
theworst

ADJECTIVE

ADVERB

+ -ly
With most adverbs, we add -lyto the
adjective:

quick
bad
slow

quickly
badly
slowly

Y-+ -ily
With adjectives that end with -y, we
change the y to i and add ly:

easy
happy
lucky

easily
happily
luckily

Irregular adverbs

good
fast
hard
late

well
fast
hard
late

-g-+ -gger
With short adjectives that end with
onevowel* and one consonant+ (e.g. big),
we double the consonant:

young
cheap

the hottest

adjectives of two or more syllables*:

Table G

Adverbs

* Consonants:

b e d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z
Vowels: a e i o u
Syllables: 1htl=l syllable; l vil sitl=2 syllables;
1rel mem 1ber1=3 syllables

form tables

PAGE

97

Exit tests
You can do these tests when you have finished studying the units in this book,
in order to see if there are units that you should look at again. In the tests,
each question relates to the unit with the same nurnber, e.g. question 1 tests
something from unit l, question 2 tests something from unit 2, etc.

Exit test 1
Choose the right answer (a, b, e) and write a, b, ore in the box, as in the example.
O a Do

Does

1 Madrid a not is
2

Do you be

I a likes

b Is rou
b

e Are you hungry? Shall I make you a sandwich?

watch

5 He a be not

doesn't

be hating

e watchs TV every evening.

e like your new car. Where did you buy it?

b am liking

6 I bate

e- wasn't in Portugal. It's in Spain.

b isn't

3 Juliet a watches
4

0
D
D
D
D

e Are you know the answer?

e isn't reading. He's sleeping.

D
O

e am hating pop music. lt's boring.

7 George isn't in the office. He a works

b working

e is working

in New York at the moment.

8

a To be

Be

e Being careful! It's very dangerous.

9 How much <lid you pay foryour TV? a Were it

10

a Played you

Dd you play

11 She a haven't

hasn't

12 Joanna has a went

been

e gone to America. She's in New York at the moment.

b Are you be going

14

a Shall we to go

16 I a have got

Shall we going

will

e Will you going to see Paul at the weekend?

e Shall we go to the cinema tonight?

e are going to arriving atten o'd ock tomorrow.

have

e got a shower every evening after work.

17 Sheila's bought a new car. She paid f,12,000 for a them.

18 When I arrived, she a me m.ade a cup of coffee.

19

a Can Steve play

b Can Steve plays

20 Where a does the train be?.

21

a Wbo

What

e Was it expensive?

e not have finished her homework.

a Are you going

Did it be

e Do you play tennis yesterday afternoon?

13

15 They a are

ti her.

e it.

a cup of coffee made me.

O
O
O
O

e Does Steve can play the guitar?

b is the train?

D
O
D
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

e the train is?

e How many film did you see last night?

exit tests

PAGE

98

22 This is the a children's

children

e childrens' bedroom.

23 A: Does she drive to work?

B: No, she a <loes.

Can she speaks

e isn't.

25

a Can you help me,

must

28 She took a train home a in

under

31 Did you like a these

family

on

e at the afternoon.

An

[l

34

a There are

aren't any

There is

35 J don't like this film. a Its

e The table was very expensive.

L:

breads

Ll
Ll

e a bread at tbe supermarket?

e aren't no good restaurants in this town.

1_

e lt's 200 kilometres to the sea.

b

36 Can you give me a sorne more

37 I have a a lttle problems

e that paintings at the gallery yesterday?

32 Did you remember to buy a bread

33 There a isn't any

[ -]

e families live in that house.

those

e on the river.

29 I bought a table and a chair yesterday. a A

b

e Can you me help, please?

e must to visit Central Park. It's fantastic!

27 There's a tunnel a above

30 Three a familys

O
:=-1

e Can she speak Spanish?

May you help me,

lt's
b

e lt so boring!

LJ

an

e many advice, please?

a few problems

38 She bought me a a big, green, cotton

CJ

e few problem at the moment.

green, big, cotton

e cotton, big, green shirt.

39 They stole a eight millions dollars.
e

eight million dollars.

o
LJ
o

eight million of dollars.

40 Steven is OK. He looks a more happy

41 That was a a worst

the worst

42 She always eats a her food fast

43 1 play football a twice one month.

44 He's a or

happyer

e happier than Mike.

e baddest film I've ever seen!

b

b Does she can speak

24

26 You a mustn't

doesn't.

fast her food.

b

IJ

e her food fastly.

twice month.

e twice a month.

either e neither at home or he's at the shops.

Total:

exit tests

PAGE

99

Exit test 2
Choose the right answer (a, b, e) and write a, b, ore in the box, as in the example.
O I

je1

e He is happy.

You

1 Hello, I'm Mike and this is

2 There a be
3 He
4

b are

lives not

a Speak you

a .Aie you

b not lives

b Do you

a Forget not

9 Bill a wasn't
1O She a gived

11

b is coming.

dont remember

12 Have you a ever been

a Shall you

15

a I'm fly

has come.

been ever

b lt's going

b Shall 1
b l'rn flying

16 He a doesn't have

e Don't forget your passport!

e gives me sorne beautiful flowers yesterday.

Look! Your letter a has carne.

14

e doesn't remember his name.

e weren't at home last weekend.

gave

13 Look! a It's going to

e is being coming.

e Is you enjoying the concert?

b isn't
b

e Does you speak French?

Don't forgetting

e be mywife, Joan.

e doesn't live in London. He lives in Bath.

b Do you speak

7 1 'm not remembering

8

are

is many restaurants in London.

5 Look! The bus a is comeing.

6

e have (.9me.

e ever went to Australia?

e lt going rain.

e Will you buy you a newspaper?

e J will flying to New York on Sunday.

b don't have

e doesn't has any money.

17 1 saw a a programme interesting

an interesting programme

e interesting a programmc on TV last night.

18 We a a house in France bought.

in France a house bought.

e bought a house in France.

19

Has she got

Does she has got

20 Where a live Milce?

21 What a studied you

lives Mike?

b you study

O
D
O
O
O
O
O
O
D
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

D
D

e Does she have got our tickets?

e does Milce Uve?

[J

e did you study at university?

exit tests

PAGE 100

22

a Whose

Who's

e Who books are those?

23 A: Is she Spanish?
B: Yes, a she does.
24 Paul a can't
25

a May you

she did.

b could

e she is.

e can ski well when he was young.

b Could you to

e Could you open the window, please?

26 You a mustn't forget

b mustn't forgetting

27 They have a flat a on

b in

28 1always go skiing a at
29 Paris is a an

b the

a That

b This

32 I'd like a one

e at the second floor.

b on

e in the winter.

e a European city.

30 There are two a men

31

b mans

e man in the car.

e These meal was wonderful!

b sorne

e an information, please.

33 She's gone to the shops to buy a any

34 She's going to meet a them
35 Steve and a bis

b her

b sorne

b they

e no sugar.

e their at the station.

e him wife left an hour ago.

36 How a much museums

b many museum

37 Would you like a many

b a few

38 1 bought a a bine, new, plastic

39

e mustn't to forget your passport.

a Two hundreds sixteen

e many museums did you visit?

e a little sandwiches?

b plastic, new, blue

b Two hundred and sixteen

e new, blue, plastic football.

e Two hundred sixteen

people were at the concert.

40 London is a bigger than

b more big than

41 MountEverestis a thehigher
42 The team played a well.

b highest

b good.

43 l a every day walk to school.

e bigger more than Glasgow.

e thehighest mountainintheworld.

e goodly.

O
O

b walk to school every <lay.

e to school every <lay walk.

44 1 want to learn Japanese a but

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

or

e so l'm going to start classes next month.

Total:

exit tests

PAGE 101

D
D

Verbtenses
infinitive: start
Q UESTIONS

POSJ TJV E

N E GATJVE

fullforms
(short forms)

fullforms
(short forms)

f/you/we/they

start

Do 1start?

He/she/it

starts

do not start
(1 don't start)
<loes not start
(it doesn't start)

am not starting
(T'm not starting)
are not starting
(aren't starting)
is not starling
(isn't starting)

Am I starting?

<lid not start

(didn't start)

Did you start?

have not sta rtcd

(haven't startcd)
has not started
(hasn't s ta rted)

Have they started?

Present Simple
Does he start?

Present Continuous
You/we/ they
He/shc/it

am starting
(I'm starting)
are starting
( wc're starting)
is starting
( i t's starting)

Are you starting?

Is shc starti ng?

Past Simple
I/you/hc/shc/ it/wc/thcy started
1 Present

Perfect

l/you/wc/ thcy
He/she/it

have started
(l've started)
has started
(he's started )

Has she started?

Answer key to practice exercises

5
6
7
8

Unit 1

4 am

5 is
6 are not
7 are
8 lS

1 isn't

6 's

is
2 is not

J
B

IS

2 's
3 're
4 aren't
5 isn't
C

2
3
4

1 isn't . . . lt's
2 is ... He's

4 lt's . .. We

3 She's

6 are

Jt's

Unit 2
A 1 's cold/is cold.
2 're happy/are happy.
3 He's afrad/He is afraid.
4 She's bored/She is bored.
5 J le's hungry/He is hungry.
6 They're sad/Thcy are sad.
7 They're tired/They are tired.
B

Tbere isn't
2 Thereare

3 There'sffhere is
4 111ere are

D l Are you hungry?

2 Is shc your sister?
3 Am 1 late?
4 1\retheyfromAmerica?

7 're
8 aren't
9 aren'l
1O 'm

l'm Bjorn and this is Liv.

We're from Sweden.
J'm a doctor and Liv is a film star.
J'm Maria and this is Pedro.
We're from Mexico.
I'm a teacher and Pedro is a pop star.
J'm Jim and th is Mary.
We're from Australia.
I'm a bank manager and Mary is an art ist.
J'm 1omoko and this is Akira.
We're from Japan.
I 'm a dentist <l!1d Akira is a photographer.
l'm Rajiv and this is Vikram.
We're frmn Ind_ia.
I'm a scientist and Vikram is a farmer.

5 Thcrc's/Tberc is
6 Therc isn't
7 There are
8 There aren't

How areyou?
Is it coJd today?
Is sbe Spanish?
Are they from London?

5 Is he a tennis player?

6 Are you happy?

7 1s she at home?
8 Ishetwenty?
E

Are
2 'm/am
3 'm/mn

5 Is
6 's/is
7 's/is

4 Are

Unit 3
A 1 ,/
2 es
3 es
4 ./
5 ,/

6 s
7 es
8 ./
B 1
2
3
4

drink
studes
flics

5 Jive
6 finishes
7 sell

smokes

C J She doesn't work/do es not work in a bank.

2 l don't play/do not play golf.
3 Paul doesn't listen/does not listen to the
radio.

4
5
6
7
8
9

We don't speak/do not speak French.

You don't listen/do not listen to me!
My car docsn'l work/does not work.
1don't drink/do not drink tea.
Sheila doesn't eat/does not eat meat.
1 dou't un<lcrst.and/do not understand
you.

Are you a teacher?

2 Are they bored?
3 ls he afrnid?
4 Is sbe tired?
answer key

PAGE 102

eat
2 brusb
3 go
4 arri\'e
5 drink/have
{) start

7
8
9
10
11
12

work
likc
stop

Unit 5
A

havc/drink

leaw
watch

doesn't workidoes not work ... works

2 !ivcs in a ffat ... dnc:.1 livddoc:. nol !ivc

in a home.

She spcaks Frcnch. Shc docsn't spcak/does

not
ltalian.
4 She
like/<loe:. not like new films.
She likt'-" old films.

Unlt 4
A
2
3
4
5
6

likcsco{foc.
Jocsn't likc/Joes not like films.
Be lov('S his job.
Tk ha tes fish.
1le lovcs holidays.
He doesn't Jikc/docs not like golf.

feel
2 don 't undcrstand/do 1101 understand
3 think
4 don't like/do not likc
5 don't know/do not know
6 want
likc

5
6
7
8

9
10
JI

12

DocsJohn likcdogs?
Do you likc film<;?
Docs John drink coffcd
Do you drivc a car?
Does John play n musical instrumcnt?
Do you likc pop music?
Do you go to thc thcatrc?
Do you rcad books?
Oocs }ohn smoke?

Ooes ... havc a swimrning pool?

2 Do ali thl' banks change tourist-;' moncy
into pounds?
j
Does thc nmnber 38 bus stop at the
railway station?
4 Do lhc
:.l'rvc ty1)ical Eng!ish
food?
5 Docs thl conccrt finish bcforc eleven p.m?
6 Docs Lhc sightsccing tour start hcrd
7 Does th<. rnuscum sell souwnirs?

They arcn't working/arc not working.

They'rc sittingf llwy nrc siuing in Lhc gnrdcn.
...) l'm not studying/1 am not studying musk.
T'm lcarning/1 am learning Japancsc.
3 l lc's playing/I le is playing lcnni:..
Shc's winning/She is winning.
. Wc're spcnding/Wc are spcnding a dar al
the seas
The sun isn't shining/i5 not shining.

e
2
3
4
5
6
7

Do you spcak anr forcign languages?

2 Do you watch TV?
3 Oocs Jobn listen to th..: radio?
I

Look! Tle isn't working.

He's lislt.'ning to mu!)ic.
\\e'rc winning the match, hut we'rc not
playing well.
She isn't rea<ling a OC\\'>paptr.
She's \\'riting a lettcr.
You're watching thc TV.
Yu arcn't lii.tcning to ntt:!
Theyarcn't gclling rcadr.
Thcy'rc playing musk.
J'm studying Chines<.\
but J'm not lrarning Vt'r) Ja.,L.

is shining
are sitting
am drinking
are not -;wimming
are watching
art' travclling
is rcading
am writing

Unit 6
ls shc ha vi ng lunch?

2 Are you fcc ling sick?

3 Are thcy playing football?

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
l1
12

Is the c;1t slccping?

Are you rclaxing?
Js thc sun shining?
Is he coming to lhl.' cinema?
Are thcy listcning?
ls she c;1ting at thc moment?
ls it rJining hard?
Am 1gctting hl'llt'r at ten ni:.?
Are we winning the match?

answcr kcy

PJ\Gf.

H>J

B 1 Are you studying Engsh at the moment?

... Yes, l'm working/J am worki.ng hard.
2 Are they listening to the radio? ... No,
they'rc playing/they are playng CDs.
3 Is Peter washing now? ... Yes, he's
havng/he is having a bath.
4 Are they living in Madrid at the momcnt?
... Yes, 1hcy're Jearning/they are learning
Spanish.
5 ls David singing in a group this year? .. .
No, he's workinglhe is workng in a
restaurant.

./

2 X
3 X

5 ,/
6 ./
7 ./

C
2
3
4

moment?
6 1 don't remember/do not remember the
name of thc hotel.
7 She speaks three languages.
8 Thc sun is shining/'s sh.ining. Il's a

beautifuJ <lay.

9 X

10 X

Unit 8

4 ,/

D
2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10

l'm shopping/I am shopping

l'm lookfog/J am looking
l'm play ing/I am playing
She's working/She is workiJ1g
is she doing
Sbe's singing/She is singing
are they doing
They're studying/They are studying
We're painti11g!We are painting
is hdping/'s hclping

Unit 7
A 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

'm finishing/am finishing

<loes your sister travel
takes
arcyoueating
!ove
's snowing!is snowing
liflOWS

getup
./

./
finish
./
'm working/am working
7 'm eatiug/am eating
8 is ddnking/'s drnking

9
10
11
12
13

1 Take
2 Havc
3 Turnleft
4 llelp me!
5 Don't forgct
6 Stop the car!
7 Come

B 1
2
3
4

forget
tum
Be
13ring

8 Open
9 Pass
10 Don'tlisten
11 Don't be late!
12 Comein
13 Catch
5 wait
6 Open
7 make
8 Havc

Look out!
2 Comein.
3 Don't touch t!
4 ! lave an orangc juice.
5 Don't forget your urnbrella.

6 Turn right.
7 Listen to m e!

8 Pass the milk, plea.'lc.

does Joanna do

9 think .. .'s working/is working

B 1
2
3
4
5
6

You aren't eatinglarc not cating vcry much

at th e moment. Are you ill?
She knows thrce words in Italian.
J'm taking/1 am taki11g the bus to work
this week, but usually I walk.
J'm studying/I am studying Japancse this
year. It's vcry difcult.
Are you watching the television at the

./
play
./

watch

don't understand/do nol understand

14 Do you like

Unit 9
A 1 Jane and Michacl werc tire<l.
2 She was in 1he park.
3 lt was a sunny day.
4 You were late.
5 Theyweren't hungry.

6 We weren't at work.
7 I was thirsty.
8 You wcren't al school.
9 We werc at the cinema.
10 Paula wasn't happy.
1 1 Everyone was excited.
12 I wasn't afraid.

answcr key

PAGF. 104

B 1 Was your room comfortable?

2 Was the weather nice?

3 Wcrc the streets fu11 of peoplc?
4 Wcrc thc shops expcnsivc?
5 Was the city exciting al night?
6 Were the museums intcrcsting?
7 Werc thc people fricndly?
your flight OK?
8

1 wasbig.
2 wcre ltalfan.
3 was grt>en.

wasn't
Wcrc

1
2
3
4
5

wus
wcre
wcrcn't

Unit 11
A l

2
3
4
5
6
7

4 wcrc chcap.

5 wasnew.
6 werc bad.
6 wcre
7 was
8 Werc
9 werc

9
1()

'i.gonc
2 haven't caten
3 havcn't come
4 've opcncd
5 haven 't finished
(1 haven't drunk
7 've lost
8 've had

1 done
2 travelled
3 visitcd

Unit 10
A Sec box /Jclow.

worked
2 sent
3 drovc
4 visitcd

l lc didn't eat in the local restaurants.

2 1Je didn't play football on the beach.
3 l lc didn'l walkin the mountains.
4 l lc didn't improvc his Italian.
5 He didn't meet any ncw friends.
6 He didn't sce t he museums in Florence.

J..)id she buy a new table?

Od he work in london?
Did thcy play tennis ycstcrday?
Did James cook the dinner?
Di<l shc give a present lo Annc?
Did Paul leave the officc at six o'clock?
Did you pass your exams?
Did shc drive to Scotland?

D
2
3
4
5
6
7

5 arrived
6 won
7 took

] lived/stayed
2 workcd
3 found
4 started

5 left
6 staycd/livcd
7 rcturned

We've finished our work.

Thcy've bought a new house.
l've visitcd Ncw York five times.
They've gone to tbe cinema.
You've caten four bananas!
Thavcn't done any homcwork 1his wcck.
Thcy haven't phoned the doctor.
You havcn't taken any photographs.
He hasn't made any mistakes.
Wc havcn't watcbed any telcvision today.

drivcn

5 been
6 worked
7 staycd

8 swum

9
10
1]
12

writtcn
ea ten
sung
had

lived
14 madc
15 met
16 takcn
13

Unlt 12
A

l 1lave you been to Canada?

2 Have thcy cooked our breakfast?

3 Has Jane made any mistakcs?

4 1lavc we visited ali thc museums?
5 Has she writtcn to her mothcr?
6 Have you ever driven a Rolls Royce?
7 Havc yo u ever visited Buckingham Pa lace?
8 Havc you cver meta famous:fiJm star?
9 Have you cvcr secn a whalc?
10 Havc you cvcr been to Kenya?
11 1lavc you ever had a Mexican meal?

(unit 10)

-taked
lettve<I

..J.rmked

Moped

writed

meered-c rye&
swinuned

comed
l>eginned

seOOe<I

answer kcy

PAGE 105

-- -

f le's just made a phonc mil.

2 Jle's just lcft the house.
3 f le's just meta friend.
4 Thcy've just entcrcd a wood.
5 Th}"ve just lookcd al a map.
6 They've just found the money.
7 Thcy've just scen me!

nevcr ... been

2 yct
3 gone

evcr . .. ncvcr

5 yd ... just
6 yct

Unit 13
2 ' m not going to work
3 'm going to marry
4 ' re going to havc
5 ' re going to becomc
,
6 re going to win
7 ' m going to play
8 isn't going/'s not going to <::ook
9 're going to eat
B

D J Thcy'rc going to watd1 a film.

2 She's going to havc a swim.
3 He's going to play the piano.
4 They'rc going to eat a pi12,a.
5 l re 't going/l Jc's not goi.ng to win the
race.
6 It's going to rain .
7 Thcy arcn't going{l'hey're not going to
play tennis.

Unit 14
A

3 I1's going to rain this aflernoon.

4 Paul's not going/PauJ isn't going to drive

he.. .'ll 1akc

'11 be

3 won't win ... '11 makc

4 Will ... finish ...

won't havc
B 1 I'U open <1 window.
2 l'll givc you sorne moncy.
3 J'Jl makc you a Slndwkh.
4 1'11 give you the name of a language

sch,)ol.
J'll help you lo look for it.
6 1'11 phone for a taxi.
7 1'11 ask her to phone you tonight.
8 J'll go with you.

She's goingto buy a new car tomorrnw.

... Thcy're going to work hard this year.

']J
')

' m going to travd

1 Shall r
2 Shall wc
3 Shall

to Scotland.

4 Shall we
5 Shall J
6 ShalJ wc

5 Wc'rc nol going!Wc arcn't going lo finish

it today.

Unit 15

6 She's not going!She isn't going to huy a

newhouse.
Are
they going Lo win lhe match?
7
8 ls Mary going to leave her job?
9 Are you going to take the exam in )une?

Are you going to play golfevery day?

Are you going to take an umhrclla?
Are you going to swirn in the sea?
Are you going to eat fish and chips?
5 An you going to May in a luxury hotel?
6 Are you going to go to a disco?
l
2
3
4

l'm cating in a new restaurant tonight.

2 l'm going to a <"Oncerl next Tuesday.
.3 I'm going to 1he doctor tomorrow.
4 J'm tlying to Florida in August.
5 l'm seeing Mary this weekend.

B 1 I l e is/lle's climbing Mount Everest in March.

2 He is/I le's driving across the Sahara in May.
3 He is/He's sailing across the Pacilic in Ju1y.
4 He is/H e's flying over the Arnazon in
Septembcr.
5 lle is/lk's \Valking across thc Antarctic in
November.

are coming ... Are you having ...

playing
2 I'm flying .. . Are you seeing ... wc're
meeting

3 are driving . . . Are you staying .. . We'rc

visiting
4 I'm starting ... J'm selling

arnw,.er key

PAC F. 106

Unit 17

Unit 16
A l He's gota flat in the tow.n centre.
2 Have you gota car?
3 1haven't gol a brother.
4 She's gota hcadache.
5 Has Steve got brown hair?
() Joh11 always has a ho]jday in August.
7 She has a bath every friday.
8 Do you have a shower in the morning?
9 1always have lunch in the park.
10 They don't have a swimm.ing pool.
B l
2
3
4
5
6
7

she's gota ilat in Edinburgh.

1lave you gota headache?
She hasn't got blonde hair.
Do you havc a holiday every year?
he's having a shower.
I havcn't go1 a car.
Do you havc dinncr at seven?

4 ./
5 ./

6 l have a holiday in Spain every year.

7 ./
8 J have a bath at ten and l go to bed at
eleven.
9 They're having dinner at the moment.
10 ./
11 Have a good weekend!
12 ./

auxiliary:
must
are
have

e
D

} find ... on
2 1... bcautiful
3 badly ... match
4 You .. . must

5
6
7
8

pass ... easily

carcfully ... in
Saturday .. . Do
sick ... at

June .. . Mike ... Madison Avenue ... Statue

... Liherty ... Manhattan ... Monday ...
Josephine ... Mike .. . America
] d
2 a
3 a

4 h

7 d

5 d
6 f

8 d

Unit 18

1 ./
2 l don't have lunch every day.
3 Do you havc a shower every day?

[ A (unit 17)
noun:
r verb:
Spain
lives
Mar y
met
bag
swims

A See box below.

Theywon the match.

I le is eating a pizza.
Anna !oves films.
1 saw tlucc cats.
We played tennis.
Steve wants a new house.
Tforgotrny passporL
She is taking a photo.
He drank an orange juice.
They like golf.
Joe visited Mexico.
12 We Iost our money.

A l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

adjective:
wondcrful
Jarge
big
old

He is rich.
2 They likc sport.

3 We are studying.
4 She is a teacher.
5 The bus hasn't arrived.
6 Thcy'vc gonc.
7 l didn't like the programme.
8 They sent me a postcard.
9 Paul and Joe haveleft..

adverb:
quickly
slowly
well

pronoun:

You
1
shc

preposition:
Lo
on
in

L
answer key

PAGE 107

C 1
2
3
4
5

They sent us an invitation.

Sheila gave Mike a present.
1 made her a sandwich.
Tom brought Sally a newspaper.
My uncle gave me a job.
6 She left you a message.
7 Mary is sending them sorne flowers.
8 She brings him a coffee every day.

E 1 Was the airport busy?

2 Was the sea warm?
3 Were the restaurants expensive?
4 Did you learn any Greek?
5 Did Mary like the beaches?
6 Was the hotel comfortable?

Unit 20

1 They gave him a new car.

2 l was thirsty this morning.
3 Myfriends didn't arrive lastnight.
4 She lost her bag.
5 David is an actor.
f
6 1sent her a photograph.
7 We stayed in Turkey for a week.
8 Paul met bis wife in Scotland.
9 We didn't win the match yesterday.
10 Iwroteheraletter.
11 The film was wonderful.
12 They left today.
13 She hrought me a cake.
14 They ate their dinner at seven o' clock.

A l When do you get up?

2 Where <loes she come from?

3 When are they leaving?

4 Why is he waiting?
5 How are you?
6 How did you get to Scotland?
7 Where is the town centre?
8 Why <loes Paul drive so fast?
9 When <loes the film start?
10 Howwill you travel?
11 Why is she running?
12 Where <lid you buythat picture?

4 Why

A 1 Is she thirsty?
2 Can he swim well?
3 Were they ti red after the match?
4 Will she return to Mexico?
5 May I leave now?
6 Have they all left?
7 Shall we wait a little longer?

5 When

C 1 Where did you meet Toanna?

2 How <lid you go to the disco?
3 Why are yo u looking for a new job?
4 Where is the nearest hospital?
5 How do you get to Park Street?
6 When are they going to see the film?
7 \Vhy did she leave the partyat ten?
8 Where is he studying English?

2 Do es she visit her unele?

3 Did we begin the course in March?
4 Does her cargo very fast?
5 Didyoubuyanewtable?

'

C l
2
3
4
5

Do you like French music?

Are you staying in the centre?
Did you come by plane?
Have you gota flat?
Are you working in Pars?
6 Have you visited the museums?
7 Did you find your flat easily?
8 Do you like French food?

l
2

4
5
6

7 How
8 Where
9 Why

3 How

Unit 19

B 1 DotheyworkinLondon?

6 Where

B 1 When
2 Why

Do the teachers give homework?

Are the classes small?
Does the school organize trips?
Will I get a certificate atthe endofthe
course?
Shall 1 reserve a place now?
Can 1 pay bycredit card?

4 ./
5 was

1 ./
2 are
3 did

6 does
7 ./

Unit 21
A I Who
Which
3 Howmany
4 What
2

5 Which
6 Howmany

' --- --

Lk. !

7 Who
8 What
9 Which
10 Who
11 Howmany
12 What

':'Vliill

answer key

PAGE 1oS

did

2
3
..
5
6
7

werc
Ilowmany
do

Which
are

8
9
10
J1
12
13
14

Who
art'

What
did

Unit 23

is

Thcsc are Peter's keys.

2 Th is is thc boys' football.
3 This is my tcacher's bouse.
4 Thesc are my sislcrs' bikcs.
5 Th is is thc childrcn's room.
6 This is thc manager's chair.
7 Thesc are Mark's suitcascs.
8 Thcsc are thc
bags.
9 This is Joan's radio.

grccngrocer's
2 chemisl's
3 butchcr's
4 fishmongcr's

\Vho's
2 \ Vhosc
3 Who's

4 Who's

5 nrwsagent's
6 tobacconist's
7 hai rdresser's
5 \'\'hose

6 Whose
\:\'hose
8 Wh<>'s

Yes, l Jo.
No, she didn't.
Yes. I was.
).Jo, shl can't.

5 No, she wasn 't.

6 Yes. l will.
7 No, I can't.

8 Yes, he has.

Yes, he docs.
No, he docsn't.
2 Yes, he can.
No, he can't.
3 Yes, thcy will.
No, theywon't.

4 Whose clothes are ... They're

5 Whosc records are ...
6 Whosc bikc is ... 11 's

8 Yes, sh" is.

9 :\o, 1don't.
10 Yes, 1 did.
11 :\o, J'm not.
12 Yes, she has.

A 1 \\!hose pCJ)S are .. . They're

2 Whosc umbrella is ... It's
3 Whosc house is ... lt's

\\!'hose painting is ... Jt's

\Vhose bag is ... It's
Whosc apple is . .. lt's
Whose motorbike is ... It 's
\\'hose taxi is ... lt's
12 \Vhosc
are ... They'rc

2 No, 1havcn't.

B 1 No, he docsn't.
2 Yes, l do.
3 No, thcy aren't.
4 Yes, shc di<l.

Unlt 22

7
8
9
JO
11

7 Yes, hedid.

3
4
5
6

Who
is

1 \i\'hat did she buy?

2 Which book do they use?
3 Ifow man y languagcs are you studying?
4 What d id you see in Pars?
5 Who di<l you mcct at the airport?
6 How many litres nf pctrol are you going to
buy?
7 \iVhich train are you catd1ing?
8 Who will you v isit in Paris?

Yes, l will.

6
7

D
2
3
4
5
6

Yes, 1do.
No, 1don't.
Yes, thcy are.
No, they aren't.
Yes, 1 did .
No, 1didn't.
Yes, it is.
No, it isn 't.
Yes, they wcrc.
. 'o, theywcren't.
Yes, it does.
Yes, it is.
Yes, thcy will.
Yes, thcy are.
Yes, they can.
Yes, thcy do.

No, it doesn't.
- No, it isn' t.
No, tbey won't.
No, thcy aren 't.
No, they can't.
- No, thcy don't.

Unit 24
A

Can he sce the hills? ... Yes, he can.

Can he S<.'C lhc sea? ... No, he can't.
He can sce t he h i Us, but he can' t sec the sea.
2 Can they speak Japan ese? ... No, they can't.
Can thcy spcak Frcnch? . .. Yes, lhcy can.
Thcy cai spcak Japancse, but thcy can
spcak French.
3 Can he cal thc chi ps? ... Yes, he can.
Can he cal lhc fish? ... No, he can't.
He can eat t he chips, but be can't eat the

fish.

answcr kcy

PA<.iE 109

c.;imon Plum <.""ou/d drin" k'n lit of

orangc a da) wht.n he \\\lS five.
.'-1r' Plum ,:ould -.wim lt'n kilomelre'>
\\ htn 'he wa'> 1\\ eln.
3 t.r.mdmothcr Plum 1.ould dance all

whcn
w.1' ,'\l).
4 loan Plum muid ridc a hike \\ hen she wa.,

lWO.

e ,
-j

e,Kh d.1v whcn ht \\"'' 'il'\t'nfy.

"imon and Jo.rn wuld '>ki
thcy Wt"rc
fo u t.
wcrc ahle to

:"

\\Ce ablt to
was ahlc to
t wcrc abk to

:-1

\\'.l'i

lo

I mustn 't d<tnCt' ,1/1 night.

Unit 27

.1hk to

\H"l'

5 must havc
6 must1 tell
7 must buy
8 mu ... t go

1must nm
morning.
1 mustn 't
in the ,1ftcrnoon.
1 1 lllll\t ll 'I walt.h T\' ali day.
5 l
'isit my grandmothcr.
6 1
studv at night.

5 Gr.1ndfathcr Plum coukl \\,JI-. thirty miles

6

mut n 't forgct

2 must ask
mu'I fini-.h
mw.111'1 kavc

ahlc lo

111

frnnt of

:"

2 ncar

(>

ncxt lo
on

7 hchiml

tmda

4 abon

Unit 25
1 havc a gl.h" of orangt: juic(', pka"e?
2 Can wc listt?n lo your nt'\\ CD?
3 Can 1U:-l' vour phonl'. pkJsl.'?
-1
t.1y 1borrm\' y<Htr rnmrr.1 lonwrrnw?
5 Could} 1H1 pas:- thl' menu, pkase?
6 (Atn ynll po... t thi' lt..>ttrr forme?

8
2 4
j
2

in front of
2 lll'ar
./
"'4 ./

A 1

C:rn I havt two

2 ahm1:

Could I haH J singk room, pka'd

t ould 1 haH' J town plan?

3 nn

'

2
3
1

5
6

7 rnu..,I
8
9 nm'>tn't
10
11

must

musl
ll mustn't

in fronl

5 in

7 in
8 on

6 al

4 J.l

<ll

2 in
3 un

Unit 26
musl
must
mustn't
mustn't
must
mu't

6 nl'ar
7 at
8 undt..>r

Unlt 28

-1 C.m you makt. llll' a sandwich, plc,1sl.'?

abovc
7 on
8 in

1 ,11
3 l ll'Xl

( :oultl you carry une nf thl':>t' CJ!'IC:>?

2 Cou)J you tell me the wav l o BuckinglMm
P,ilact', pk.isd
Crn yn11 tcll ml' l ht l imc?

7
7 l

5 hehind

on

Crn 1 han snnw fish .md d1ip;., ple.N'?

Can 1 horrow \llll pl'n?

2 < an 1 turn nn 1he T\', plea,r?
j
f\ l.1y 1d1l;.c1h1: win<low?
1 Ma} 1 use your photornpicr. picase?

11 5
5 6

al

winll'r
2 w:ckend
3 Saturday
-1 lwo o\:l<Kk
.)
1990
6 hirthday

e
-1

./ ... in
m

on at ... .! ... in at
on

5
(l

011

./ ...
in

... ./
al

11l

... .!

auswcr key

PAGi:

no

D
2
3

4
5
6
7
8

J'm mecling Stcvc on \'\'t.'dncsday

morni ng.
J'm going to the hank al 1Oa.m. on Friday.
J'm going sailing at thc weekend .
J'm starting a new job ncxt Monday.
J'm visiting Egypt in Decembcr.
J'm sclling my house on January lOth.
J'm going to Mcxico n thc spring.
J'm learning to ski in April.
J'm buyinga newboat ncxtycar.

from June to August.

Unit 30
A

B See box bc/ow.

C

2
3
4
5
6
D

Unit 29

3 a

B
2
3
4
5
6

7 an
8 a

4 an
5 an

oncs ... ones ... ones

2 onc ... one ... one ... onc
l

A 1 this
2 These
3 These
4 This
5 Thcsc

a Japanesc city.
an English airport.
an lndian ri\'er.
a univcrsity tovm.
a Gcrman car.
a European country.

4 a ... a ... thc

3 onc .. . ones
.. oncs ... une

D 1 ,/

a thc. .. a- the
the a

4 the a ... ,/
5 ,/ ... the <1
6 the a
7 a thc

6 thosc
7 that

8 That
9 Tho!ic
10 That

How much are those pineapplcs?

2
3
4
5

Jlow much are these pcars?

1Iow much are thosc lcmons?

1Jow much are tbese cabbages?
1Jow much are those bananas?
6 1low much are tbese potJtoes?
7 How nrnch are thosc tomatocs?
8 How mucha re thcsc mclons?

5 a ... a ... Thc ... The

3 A ... an ... t hc ... the

2
3

Woukl you like one?

But thc.! strawberry oncs are niccr.
1like thc one with the red door.
This time I want a green one.
Thcrl' isn't an easy eme.
Do )OU mean the ones tbat we took in
IUrkcy?

Unit 31

6 a

1 a
2 a ... a ... the

c.:ars

7 sheep
chairs
childrcn
buses
foet

8
9
10
11

6 .knives

2 from 1Oo'dock.
3 from March.
4 from Monday to Friday.
5 from 1991 to 1994.
6 from January.

A 1 an
2 a

l people
2 hananai;
3 micc
4 watches

thcsc

2 This
3 thal
4 111osc

5 this
6 This
7 thosc

B (unit 30)
1

knivcs ,/
rnalchscountries ,/
wishes ,/
wives ,/
mans-

toolhs
dtys
potaLoes ,/
tomatos

matches ./
cities ,/
teetb ,/

pottttos

-c- 0ttntrys
-k-ffifes

mke ,/

-tneuses

answer key

wishs
mcn ./
fa milys
wifes
tomatocs ./
familb ,/
PAGE 111

Unit 32
A Sce box bclow.
2
3
4
3

6 p1cce.s
7 spoonfuls
litres
9 piece
10 kilo

slice

pieccs
bottle
pitcc
glass

a so me
2 ./
3 ./
4
asome
5 a some

D J
2
3
4

any

6 any
7 no

8 somc
9 any
lO any

Unit 34
A

6 ir somc
7 -ttf'l so me
8 ./
9 asome

3
4
5

They are arriving/They'rc arriving today.

meeting them at the statjon.
I'm looking for .Mary. Havc you secn her?
She is1 al home.
We saw a film callcd 'The Tiger' yesterday.
Have you S('Cll it?
Come lo thc sv..immingpool with us. Wc
are leaving/We're lcaving now.
They are meeting/They'rc meeting Paul
today. l lc is having lunch with thcm.
'There's Jack! He's gol a heavy suitcnsc.

rm

5 some
6 a
7 sorne

is
sugars
of

2 somc
3 somc
4 so me
5 no .. . sorne

Shall wc hdp him?

B 1 1.. . her ... she ... me
2 Shc .. . it .. . it ... her

Unit 33
A
2
3
4
5

3
1
5
6
7

There aren't any shops open today.

Can J havc sorne chccsc, please?
Are thcre any mui;cums in Cambri<lg('?
You can take any trnin from platform 9.
Do you speak any Spanish?
We've brought no moncy with us.

cal

chcese

clock

table
ncws

petrol
office
doctor

9 tJ1em
10 il
11 lt
12 me
13 they
14 us
15 wc
16 them

thiswcck.
3 You won't find any cake in thc cupboard.
4 Maria didn't havc ;my hcavy luggage with
her at the airport.
5 There aren't any lett<rs for you today.
6 We diJn't sce any snow on t11C mountains
this morn ing.

(unt 32)
house
advice
painting
holiday
temlis
cup
city
bread

You ... us .. . wc ... you

1 ... you . .. you ... me

Shc didn't givc me any advice.

2 Thcrearen't anygood films at thc cinerm1

=;

\'\'e ... you ... you ... us

They .. . him .. . he .. . them
lt . .. them ... thcy ... it

car
tea
cigar

beJ

pen
luggagc '

coffrc

cinema
shoe

park
hook

loast
jumper

sock
cloud

shirt

3
4
5
6
7
8

111ey
Shc
I Je
it

him

me

coat

sn<l"W

lemon

hall
teacher
'sugar
chair
money

museum
film

apple
rain ,,

nosc
' milk _,

, homework watch
,-nformation
banana
exam
hour
water
school
television
bike

answer key

PAGF 112

Unit 35
A 1 your . . . yours
2 her ... hers
.3 thcir ...
4 our ... ours
5 his ... his
6 mr ... mine:
7 her ... hcrs
8 thdr ... thciri.
9 our .. . ours
10 my .. . mine
11 his .. . his
12 rour ... yours
B 1
2
3
4
5
6

U nit 36
A

J11JJ)i.'

mine
2 ./
3 their books
... lt's

mme
2 h is
3 thcirs
4 ours

19

11ll1Ch

20 manr
man y

21

\Ve didn't hm.' much time.

l lavl' ynu scen many filmi. this ycar?
3 Jlow much milk did ynu huy?
... 1didn't gct much inform,1tion.
5 \Ve d idn't sce mtll l)' anim a ls.
6 l low much ,')t1gar Jo you wanl in your
coffec?
7 How many childrl'n do you have?
R Thcrcarc11'1 manr rrain.,.
man y
2 more
3 mu ch

man y
5 more
6 mu ch

more
8 man}
9 mon.

Unit 37
A

>-:o, 1,tica101 of c.1kc in town.

2 Yes, plcJSi.'. 1han a lot ofluAAagc.
3 Yci;, 1ml'Ia 101 oi11lcri.''>l ing peoplc.
I Yes, 1 havc a lo t of moncy J l the moment.
5 :-Jo, he> isn't. JJe has lot of thillgs to do.
6 Yes, slll' g,wc me ,1 lot of good ad vice.

a lot of ch<.cse
2 a lillk milk
3 a
1 a lot of cars

5 .,/
6 her brothcr
7 .,/

8 ./
9 ts food
10

man)

ou r
7 lheir

rn

man y
m u ch
many
mu ch
much
much
mmiy

9 manv

thcir
ours
hcrs

10 my
11 ynur

12
13
14
15
1(
17

10 much
1l many

hl'rS

8 yours
9 h is

m uch
2 many
3 InJll\'
+ mmh
5 mu ch
6 rnanr
7 much

!' a 1i ll lt. bn:ad

()

a cw hooks

7 a lh tk money/a

fewco ins

Would y0t1 lkl' a fcw biscuits?

2 Shall 1mak(' you a fcw ,,mdwiches?
3 \'\'ould you like a liClk d icl'Sc?
4 Can 1 bring you J littlc cake?
5 \\'ould y t)U likc a lillll.' milk in )OUr coffrc?
(l
\\'ould >u likc a littll' more sugar in your
cotfl'c?

travel
2 .,/

6 yours
7 his

3 a fe\\

7 ./
8 a fow

J is
5 .,/
a lillk

"'

tll1SW('f

k<.'y

P AG E

113

Unit 38
A hot ... ti red ... thirst-y .. . small .. . cold ... old

.. . big .. . wooden ... kind ... fresh ... grcat

B 1 wonderfl
2 difficuJt
3
4 ltalian

5 sad
6 hungry
7 terrible ... frcsh

1 sounds
2 look
3 smcll
4 looked
5 fe(']
6 fccl
7 look
8

2
3
4
5
6
7

American
Dutch
Australian
Chinese
South African
American

sixty-eight
thin y- lorth

17

rnetcnlh

9 German
Ita lian

1()

11

Russian

12
13

German
Indian

-feurty-nine ... for1y-nine ./

2 six hundred ./. .. fiill'-ht:mdrees3 furth ./... foith
-1 twelvth .. . twel fth ./
5 two thousand dollars ... two
thousan45-00tfrs
6

twenty- tlttee ... twenty-lhird ./

eighty-seveTI ... scventy-eight ./

eightth-. . . eighth ./
9 seventcen ,/... seventeenth

10

fiveth ... fifth ,/

11 scvcn million ./.. . seven
12 ninth ./ ... nineth
13 t hifLeenth ... thirt icth ./
14 threc hundred and nincty-five ./...

thre-e hundred ninety-tive-

2
3

8 French

Unit 39
A

12
13
14
15

a hundred nnd fifty

third
16 twenty-fifth

l green, cotton ... ./ 4 young, Polish

2 modcrn, Spanish 5 hig, ncw, Japancse
3 ./ ... large, black 6 ./

E 1 Swcdish

l four hundrcd and sixty-two

2 twentieth
3 first
4 twclflh
5 nine mi Ilion
6 tJ1rce hundred and len
7 eighth
8 a hundrcd and eleven
9 fourteen
JO sccond
1l fivc thousand

6
7
8

twcnty-threc on t11e second floor.

Jivcs in tJat eleven on the Jirsl JJoor.
lives in flat thirty-seven 011 the third floor.
livcs in flat fifty-four 011 thc fifth floor.
livcs in Aat sevcn ty-two on tbe seventb
floor.
lives in fla t twenty-fivc on thc seconcl loor.
li\'es in flat tifty- Bine on the fifth floor.
lives in flat sixty-one on thc sixth floor.

D 1 ninctecn scventy-six.
2 thc sixteenth of}une/Junc the sixteenth,
nincteen eighty-thrce.
3 the twent y-ninth of
September/September thc twenty-ninth.
4 nincteen eighty-scvcn
5 the tenth of January/January t be tenth,
nineteeu eighty-eight.
the ninth.
6 thc ninth
7 nincteen ninety.

Unit 40
A

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

b iggcr
more carcful

more expensive
better

fattcr
more famous

ncwer
moremodern
youngcr
cheaper
more delkious

12 rkher
13 .longer

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

hungrier
mcer

happier
more difticult
o lder

more beau1iful
friendl cr
hotter
morewonderful

worse

24 smalJer
25 s.a<ldcr

answcr key

PA<ai 114

AJaska is coJder than Spain.

Steve is hungrier than Jane.
Washington is smaller than Ncw York.
Mary is happier than Mike.
Tam youngcr than my brother.
Film stars are richcr than lcachers.
7 .Peter is friendlier than Chris.

8 1
2
3
4
5
6

J
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

than
more
is
Quecn Anne ... King John
expensive
slower
K.ing John .. . Queen Anne
Ionger

Unit 41
A
2

3
4

5
6

Manchester is the friendliest dty in

England.
The Manhattan is the most expensivc
restaurant in New York.
The Nilc is the longest river in the world.
Granada is thc most beautifttl town in
Spain.
The Mona Lisa is the most famous
painting in the wor]d.
Monl Blancis thc highesl mountain in
Europe.

Unit 42
A

1 Jt's thc biggest ship rve evcr sccn.

2 l Ie's the richest man J'vc cvcr met.

3 It's thc most difficult exam l'vc ever done.

4 rt's thc saddest film I've evcr seen.
5 She's the happiest person l've ever met.
6 lt's the most modern flat l've ever scen.
7 It's tJ1c hottest country I've evcr visited.
8 It 's the smallest dog I've ever secn.

' ( beautifully:

nowerfuJ
valuabJe
3 big old ( happlJy) happy
( cheaply)
4

awful 1,
5 young

horrible

cxpensive
hungrilY)
-badty)

...

B 1
2
3
4
5
6

dangerously.
fust.
Martn cooks wdJ.
J write slowly.
She dances wonderfully.
Sheila works hard.
7 Thcy don't lcarn quickly.fl'hcy Jcarn
slowly.

1 thc piano badly.

2 her breakfast slowly.
3 Arabic pcrfectly.

4 the road carefully.

5 their bomework well.
6 an hour late.
D

2
3
4
5
6
7

2
3
4
5

wonder(ul
dangerously"'\

B 1 thcworst
the most expensive
the chcapest
the most delicious
the best
6 the oldest
7 the hungricst
8 the nicest

.f...well
wonderful. .. .f
.f... ./... quickly
happy... ,/... beautifully
.f... bad
.f... slowly... easily
./.. . qujck

Unit 43
A
2
3
4

5
6
7

8
9

You must always lock the front door whcn

you leave.
Stcve and Jill play golf t wicc a month.
r usually eat a sandwich for lunch.
J somelimes go to jazz concerts at the
weekend.
My teacher givcs me a lot of homework
evcryday.
We hardly evcr see our Mcxican friends.
'J'hcy often go to Morocco for thcir
holidays.
Bill and Marie go to the theatrc four times
a year.
Thcy are rarely at home in thc evening.

answcr key

PAGb

u5

B 1 often eat Italian food.

2 sometimes watch TV.
3 They always get up early.
4 They never feel unhappy.
5 They hardly ever travel abroad.
6 They usually go for a walk on Sunday.
7 They rarely take taxis.

Jo..

C l He buys a newspaper everyday/once a <lay.

2 He phones his mother three times a month.
3 He has ashowertwice a day/two times a day.
He goes abroad once ayear.
5 He visits his sister three times ayear.
6 He plays tennis four times a week.

Unit 44
A

1 but

so
2 so
but

3 so
but
4 so
but

5 but
so
6 so
but

B 1 This restaurant is both cheap and nice. '.)2 Christine bought both a dress anda
jumper.
3 They play both golf and tennis.
4 The film was both funny and exciting.
C 1
2
3
4

Paul's either at home or at the sports centre.

The shop is either in East Street or in Fox Street.
Her father is either a doctor ora dentist.
The museum is either in Oxford or in
Cambridge.

D 1
2
3
4

Neither the bus nor the train arrived on time.

Neither David nor Mike play tennis.
Neither the hotels nor the restaurants are good.
Neither the English team nor the Scottish
team played well.

E 1 and
2 so
3 but

4 but
5 either

'

',.

'

t,
t;_
-4}

answer key

PAGE i16

Answer key to exit test 1

b

2 e
3 a
'1 e
5

6 a
7 e
8 b
9 e
10 b
ll b

12 e
13 a

e
a
16 b
17 e
18 e
14
15

19 a
20 h

2J

22

23
24
25
26
27

28
29
30
31
32
33

b
e
a
b
b
a
e
e
b
a
b

34 e
35 b
36 a
37 b

38 a
39

40 e
41

42 a
43 e
44

Answer key to exit test 2

1 a
2 b
3 e
4 b
5 b
6 a
7 b
8 e
9 a
10 b
11 b

23 e

13 a

24 b
25 e
26 a

12

14 b
15 b
16 l
17

18 e

a
20 e
21 e
22 a
19

a
28 e
29 e
30 a
27

31 a
32 b
33

34 a
35 a
36 e
37
38
39

40
4.1
42
43
44

b
e
b
a
e
a
b
e

answer kcy

PAGI.! 117

lndex
The numbcrs in thc indcx are unit numbcrs. Thcy are not pagc nuinbcrs.

diJ 10
do/does 3, 4

a 29,32,JJ
above 27
adiectivcs 38, 41

E
eithcr... or 44
evcr 12,4 1
evcry 28,43

comparatiw 40, 'fable f

nationality J8

order 38
posscssiw 35
supcrlative 41 ,

fast 42
feel 18, 38

advcros 42, T.1ble G

frequtn cy 43

irregul.1r -l2
-1-2
advice 32
age l
a ljttJe 37
a lotof 37
always '13

afew 37
from ...to 28
futurc
be going to 13

pre.sen! ("Ontinuous ! 5
will 14

am 1, 2

an 29
and '1'1
aoy 33

give 18
goingto 13
goue and bee.n 12

:tpostrophc 22
arel , 2

good/better 40
good/well 42

artdes 29
at 27, 28
:iuxiliary 17

got 16

hard 42
hardJyever 43

bad/badly '12
bad/worse 40
be 1,2, 9
been and gooe 12
bchind 27
bclicve 6
better 10

has/have 16
hate 6
he 34
her 34,35
bers 35
biln 34
bis 35

both ...and '11

bring 18
but ll

how many 2 1, 36
howmuch 36

e
can 24, 25
cardinal numbers 39
comparati\cadjectives 110, Tabk' F
could 24, 25
countable nom1s 32

D
dates 28, .H, 39

1
l 34,
impcratiH'S 8
in 27. 28
information 32
infrontof 27
. ing forms 5, 'fabk e
irregular \l'rbl) Table E
is 1, 2
it 34
its 35

in<lcx

PACE

u8

just 12

p<l>t participk 11. 12. foolt> J> & E

past simple 9, 10,'Jahle I> & E
pcnni"-"ion 25

K
know 6

L
last 28
like 6
look 18, 38
love 6

M
make 18

many 36, 40
may 25
me 34
mean 6
mine 35

modal vcrbs 2l, 25, 26

more 36, 40
much 36
ruust 26
my 35

pl:Ke Cprl'poi.ition") .,,

plural nouns 30, fohk A
.F>
po.;.st'ssiw pronouni.
place 2.7
time 28

prcscnt rnnt inuous 5, 6, 7

prcsent pl'rfcc1 11, 12
prcsmt simr lc 1. 2, 3, 4, 7. Table B
jllCl:!S 29
pronou ns 3tJ, 35

Q
quantity 36
qucstions 19, 20. 21. n

R
rarely 43
regula r
fah le D
rememhcr 6

requrst'i 25

nationality 38
near 27

neither ... nor 4'1

nevcr 12. 43
news 32
next 28
uext to 27
no 33
normally 43
nouns 17
countablc nouns 32
plural nou ns 30, Table A

'sis' 22
secm 18

propcr nouns 17
uncountabk nouns 32
numbcrs J9

o
obicct 18
ob ject p ronouns (me) 34

scnd 18
scntencc <>lructurc 18
shaJl 14

she j 4
shon ani.wcrs
smell .18

:n

so 44
sorne
33
sometimcs 13

sound 38
spcC'ds 29
subject 18
subjcc1 pronMms Cl J J.J
14

supl'rlativcad kctin:s 41,

obligation 26
offrrs 8, 14
oftcn 43
on 27, 28
oncea '13
one/oncs 30
ordi nal numbtrs 39

our 35
ours 35
in<lcx

PAGE 119

tast c 38
tenses
futurc U. Jtl, 15
p.1c;t
1O
present continuou:; 5, 6
present pcrfrct 11, 12
present simple 1. 2, 3.1
prcscnt simpk/prcsent coutinuous 7
than 40
thc 29, 32
thcir 35
theirs 35
them .H
there is/therc are 2
thcy 3'1
think 6
this, that, thesc, those 31
this (time) 28
timcl,.H
timl'(prcpositions) 28
twire 43

want
was/werc 9
W<'.1thcr l , 311
we 34
well 42
what 21
when 20
wher e 20
which 21
whichonc 30
who 21
whose 22
why 20
w ord ordcr 18
worse 110

y
'yes/no' qucst ions 19
yet 12
you 34
your 35
yours 35

uncountahle nouns 32
under 27
undcrstand 6
ns _
,4
usually 113

V
VC'rhs 17
fnturc 13, 14, 15
irregular w rhs
E
modalc; 2'1, 25, 26
p:1$t p.1rticiplcs 11, Table D & E
past simple 9, 10
prcscnt ('011t im1l)US 5, 6, 7
prcscnt pcrfoct J 1, 12
prcscnt simplr 1, 2, 3, 4
ngular vcrhs Table L>
word ordcr 18

index

J>AGF. 120

ISBN 0-19-431410-3

JJJJlUil