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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Managing by facts
In God we TrustAll others bring data
ISO9000 Auditor
Statistical Thinking
All
Sources of Variation in
Production Processes
Materials
INPUTS
Operators
Measurement
Instruments
Methods
PROCESS
OUTPUTS
Tools
Machines
Environment
Human
Inspection
Performance
Variation
Many
sources of uncontrollable
variation exist (common causes)
Special (assignable) causes of
variation can be recognized and
controlled
Failure to understand these differences
can increase variation in a system
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Problems Created by
Variation
Variation
increases unpredictability.
Variation reduces capacity utilization.
Variation contributes to a bullwhip
effect.
Variation makes it difficult to find root
causes.
Variation makes it difficult to detect
potential problems early.
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Two Fundamental
Management Mistakes
1.
2.
Using data
Managing
a process
Understanding a process
Controlling a process
Improving a process
Collecting data-questions to
answer
What
Collection problems
Data accuracy
Representative data
Time series data
False data
Mistaken data
Incorrect data
Unavailable data
Useless data
to failure
Development phase
Team creating defect
Activity producing error
Function of the defect
Severity of the defect
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Possible causes
Communication
I didnt understand
what I was supposed to do.
Education I didnt know how to do it
Transcription I was doing it right, but
something went wrong in the process.
Oversight I just forgot.
Statistics
Descriptive
statistics
Inferential statistics
Estimation
Hypothesis testing
ANOVA
Regression
Data fitting
Goodness of fit test
2 = (fo-fe)2/fe
Ho: Data fits particular distribution
(specify parameters)
H1: Data does not fits particular
distribution (specify parameters)
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Statistical Methods
Descriptive
statistics
Statistical inference
Predictive statistics
Statistical Foundations
Random
variables
Probability distributions
Populations and samples
Point estimates
Sampling distributions
Standard error of the mean
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Descriptive statistics
Measures
chart
Frequency curve
Inferential statistics
Estimation
Hypothesis
testing
ANOVA
Regression
Important Probability
Distributions
Discrete
Binomial
Poisson
Continuous
Normal
Exponential
Statistical Tools
Sampling Methods
Simple
random sampling
Stratified sampling
Systematic sampling
Cluster sampling
Judgment sampling
Sampling Error
Sampling
size
Appropriate sample design
population
Analytic study analysis of a dynamic
time series