Passive voice

Passive voice ( Kalimat pasif ) adalah salah satu kalimat yang sering di gunakan dalam
bahasa Inggris. Passive voice juga terdapat pada bahasa Indonesia,
misalnya makan menjadi dimakan,minum menjadi diminum.
Cara membentuk kalimat pasif adalah sebagai berikut :
1.
Mengubah objek dalam aktif menjadi subjek dalam bentuk pasif.
2.

Meletakkan by sesudah kata kerja utama dalam bentuk pasif sebelum subjek.

3.

Kata kerja yang dipakai adalah verb 3 yang didahului to be.

4.

Menyusun kalimat menyesuakan tenses.

Dalam bahasa Inggris terdapat bentuk yaitu :

A. Present Passive Voice
B. Past Passive Voice
C. Future Passive Voice
D. Modal Auxiliary Passive Voice

A. Present Passive Voice

1. Simple Present Tense

- Active
: Do / Does + Verb 1
I speak English every day.

She write novel every morning

- Passive
: Is / Am / Are + Verb 3
English is spoken by me every day.
Novel is write by her every morning.

2. Present Continous Tense

- Active
: Is / Am / Are + Verb ing

She is reading a novel.

Ali is singing a song.

- Passive
: Is / Am / Are + Being + Verb 3
A novel is being read by her.
A song is being sung by Ali.

3. Present Perfect Tense

- Active
: Have / Has + Verb 3

Sabila has studied english.

I have Written a novel.

- Passive
: Have / Has + Been + Verb 3
English has been studied by Sabila.
A novel have been written by me.

B. Past Passive Voice

1. Simple Past Tense
- Active
: Did + Verb 2
Rico studied English.
Rian drank water.

- Passive
: Was / Were + Verb 3
English was studied by Rico.
Water was drunk by Rian.
2. Past Continous Tense
- Active
: Was / Were + Verb ing

Rini was studying English.

We were reading a book

- Passive
: Was / Were + Being + Verb 3
English was being studied by Rini.
A book were being read by us.

3. Past Perfect Tense

- Active
: Had + Verb 3
Fany had drank coffe.
Reny had speak english.

- Passive
: Had + Been + Verb 3
Coffe had been drank by Fany.
English had been spoken by Reny

C. Future Passive Voice

1. Simple Future Tense

- Active
: Will / Shall + Verb 1

Tina will read a newspaper.

Fendi will study English.

- Passive
: Will / Shall + Be + Verb 3
A newapaper will be read by Tina.
English will be studied by Fendi.

2. Future Continous Tense

- Active
: Will / Shall + Be + Verb ing

Toni will be reading a book.

Rian will be studying English.

- Passive
: Will / Shall + Be + Being + Verb 3
A book will be being read by Toni
English will be being studied by Rian.

3. Future Perfect Tense

- Active
: Will / Shall + Have + Verb 3

Tian will have spoken English.

Toni will have read a newspaper.

- Passive
: Will / Shall + Have + Been + Verb 3
English will have been spoken by Tian.
A newapaper will have been by Toni

D. Modal Auxiliary Passive Voice

- Active

: Can - Could
May Might
Will Would
Must Had to
Shall Should
Ougth to
Toni can speak english
Rian may drink coffe.

- Passive

: Can Could

+ Verb 1
+ Verb 1
+ Verb 1
+ Verb 1
+ Verb 1
+ Verb 1

+ Be + Verb 3

May Might
Will Would
Must Had to
Shall Should
Ougth to

+ Be + Verb 3
+ Be + Verb 3
+ Be + Verb 3
+ Be + Verb 3
+ Be + Verb 3

English can be spoken by Toni.

Coffe may be drank by Rian

P a s s i v e Voi c e
Passive Voice digunakan ketika subject menunjukan pada
orang atau benda yang menerima tindakan (baik pelakunya
diketahui ataupun tidak).
Kalimat aktif bisa diubah menjadi pasif dengan syarat kalimat
aktif
tersebuttransitive yaitu
kalimat
yang kata
kerjanya
membutuhkan obyek.
Contoh kalimat yang pelakunya tidak diketahui :
This House was built in 1920
Contoh kalimat pasif yang pelakunya diketahui;
This house was built by my grandfather.
(yang membangun diketahui, yaitu my grandfather)

Ten s e C o n j u g a t i o n i n P a s s i v e Voi c e
1. Simple Present
Perlu
di
ingat, simple
present adalah
untuk
menyatakan
kegiatan yang bersifat rutin, tidak berubah, kebenaran umum
kebiasaan ataupun saran.
- Rumus dalam Aktive Sentence
S
-

V1 (+s/es)

[C]

Rumus dalam Passive Sentence

S

To Be

V3

am

V3

You/We/The y

are

V3

He/She/It

is

V3

Example :
[ A CT IV E ] So m e bo d y c l ea n s t h i s r oo m e ve r y da y.
[ PASS I VE ] Th i s r oo m i s c le a ne d e ve r y da y.

2 . P a s t Ten s e
Past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sudah
lampau
-

Rumus dalam Active Sentence

S

V2

[C]

Rumus untuk Passive Sentence

S

To Be

V3

I/She/He/It

was

V3

You/We/The y

were

V3

Example :
[ A CT IV E ] So m e bo d y c l ea ne d th i s r oo m ye s t e rd a y.
[ PASS I VE ] Th i s r oo m wa s c l ea n ed ye s t e r da y.
3 . P r e s e n t C o n t i n o u s Ten s e
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan
(sementara) dan cepat atau lambat pasti akan berhenti.
-

Rumus Active Sentence

S

am/is/are

V ing

Rumus Passive Sentence

S

To Be

Being

V3

am

being

V3

You/We/The y

are

being

V3

He/She/It

is

being

V3

Example :
[ACT IVE] Somebody is cleaning this room right now.
[PASSIVE] The room is being cleaned ri ght now.

4 . P r e s e n t P e r f e c t Ten s e
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sudah terjadi atau
sudah
selesai
dikerjakan
tetapi
kita
tidak
tahu
kapan
terjadinya karena kita baru mengetahuinya sekarang.

Rumus Active Setences

S

has/have

V3

[C]

Rumus Passive Sentences

S

Have /
has

Been

V3

I/You/We/ The y

have

been

V3

He/She/It

has

been

V3

Example :
[ACTIVE] The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it.
[PASSIVE] The room looks nice. It has been cleaned
5 . P a s t P e r f e c t Ten s e
Menunjukan kegiatan yang sudah selesai dimasa lampau.
B e d a n y a d e n g a n P a s t Ten s e , P a s t P e r f e c t Ten s e l e b i h l a m p a u
d a r i p a d a P a s t Ten s e . M a k a d a r i i t u , b i a s a n y a d a l a m p e n u l i s a n
Past
Perfect
digabung
dengan
Past
Ten s e
dengan
menggunakan kata After ataupun Before.
Rumus Active Sentence
S
-

had

V3

[C]

Rumus Passive Sentence

I/You/He/She/It/We/The y

had

been

V3

Example :
[ACTIVE] The room looked much better. Somebody had
cleaned it.
[PASSIVE] The room looked much better. It had
cleaned.
6. Present Future
Menyatakan peristiwa atau
dimasa mendatang.
Rumus Active Sentence
S
-

aktivitas

Will

yang

akan

been

dilakukan

V1

Rumus Passive Sentence

I/You/He/She/It/We/The y

Will

be

V3

Example
[ACTIVE] Joko will visit his friend
[PASSIVE] His f riend will be visited by Joko
7 . P a s t C o n t i n o u s Ten s e
Berarti sedang lampau. Dalam aplikasinya biasanya di gabung
dengan Past tense mengunakan kata penghubung When.
-

Rumus Active Sentence

S

Was/were

V ing

Passive Sentence
I/He/She/It

Was

being

V3

You /We/ T h e y

Were

being

V3

Example :
[ACTIVE] Fahmi was studying english at eight last night
[PASSIVE] English was being studied by Fahmi at eight last
night.

Kalimat yang mengandung kata Born

Harus diingat Born adalah kata pasif dan selalu sudah terjadi
(past)
Example :
Where were you born? (Dimana kamu lahir?)
Bukan ~Are you born? (Apakah kamu lahir?)
I was born in Chicago (Aku lahir di Chicago)
Bukan ~I am born (Aku sedang lahir)

P a s s i v e Voi c e w i t h Two O b j e c t
Jika kalimat aktif mempunyai dua obyek, maka kita
mengubahnya menjadi kalimat pasif dengan dua cara.
Example 1 The Guide will show you the Museum.
Kalimat diatas bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif ;
The Museum will be shown to you by the guide.
Dan juga
You w i l l b e s h o w n t h e M u s e u m b y t h e g u i d e .

bisa

Example 2 They didnt offer Ann the job.

Pasif menjadi Ann wasnt offered the job.
The job wasnt offered to Ann.

Th e C a u s a t i ve P a s s i ve Voi c e
Jika dalam keadaan passive voice sesuatu dilakukan
pada
subyek,
maka
dalam
causative
passive
sesuatu
dilakukan pada obyek.
Misal contoh dalam bahasa Indonesia.
Saya akan potong rambut.
Diterjemahkan I will cut my hair [SALAH]
Karena kita meminta seseorang untuk memotong rambut kita
sehingga terjemah yang benar I will have my hair cut.
Pola kalimat Causative Passive adalah

Have / Get + object + past principle

Rumus Passive Voice pada 16 Tenses

Kita tidak perlu memeprdebatkan jumlah sebenarnya tensis itu. Disini kita lebih
memfokuskan bagaimana perubahan dari active menjadi passive voice. Namun jika ada
yang masih butuh memahamai keseluruhan tensis ini, bisa melihat tulisan cara belajar
16 tenses bahasa inggris pada artikel sebelumya.
1. Simple Present Tense
Aktif : S + do/does + V1
Pasif : S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
Aktif : Students speak English
Pasif : English is spoken by students
2.Present Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students is speaking English
Pasif : English is being spoken by students
3. Present Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + have/has + V3 + O

Pasif : S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O

Contoh :
Aktif : Students have spoken English
Pasif : English has been spoken by students
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students have been speaking English
Pasif : English has been being spoken by students
5. Simple Past Tense
Aktif : S + V2 + O
Pasif : S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students spoke English
Pasif : English was spoken by students
6. Past Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students were speaking English
Pasif : English was being spoken by students
7. Past Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + had not + V3 + O
Pasif : S + had + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students had spoken English
Pasif : English had been spoken by students
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + had + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
Aktif : Students had been speaking English
Pasif : English had been being spoken by students
9. Simple Future Tense
Aktif : S + will not + V1 + O
Pasif : S + will be + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will speak English
Pasif : English will be spoken by students
10. Future Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + will + be + V1-ing + O

Pasif : S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will be speaking English
Pasif : English will be being spoken by students
11. Future Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + will + have + V3 + O
Pasif : S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will have spoken English
Pasif : English will have been spoken by students
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + will + have + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will have been speaking English
Pasif : English will have been being spoken by students
13. Simple Future Past Tense
Aktif : S + would + V1 + O
Pasif : S + would + be + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would speak English
Pasif : English would be spoken by students
14. Future Past Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + would + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would be speaking English
Pasif : English would be being spoken by students
15. Future Past Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + would + have + V3 + O
Pasif : S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would have spoken English
Pasif : English would have been spoken by students
16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + would + have + been +being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would have been speaking English
Pasif : English would have been being spoken by students