Leadership and

Management
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The study explains the leadership and management.

Executive Summary:
The following strategy focused on the leadership and managements importance in the
organization. Leadership describing the leading quality and management defining the
managerial process and general activities of the organization. Management includes the basic
activities of the organization counting planning, organizing, staffing, controlling activities.
This study explain the motivational theories and its importance in increasing efficiency of the
organization and elaborating importance of teamwork.

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Table of Contents
Introduction:.......................................................................................................... 2
Task 1..................................................................................................................... 3
Task 2..................................................................................................................... 8
Task 3................................................................................................................... 12
Task 4................................................................................................................... 14
Conclusion........................................................................................................... 17
References:.......................................................................................................... 18

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Introduction:

Management and leadership is very well known concept and largely discussed in business
world. To be efficient and to compete in competitive market of business manager and
management have to be competent. The following discussion moves on with the various
perspective of management and leadership along with motivational activities and discussing
importance of team work.

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Task 1

A.C 1.1: an analysis of the concepts of leadership and management.

Leadership:
Leadership is the way of directing and influencing a group of people to reach in a set up
goal.. Leadership is the process of influencing individual or to a group of individuals.
Leadership is change oriented. Here, a leader influences a group of individuals to achieve a
common goal. Unlike management, leadership cant be taught. Leadership is the inherent
aptitudes which can be broaden by proper training.
Leader must have relevant power. Power enabling the ability to change others behaviour.
Without proper power, no one can be a leader. So, power is the most important thing in
leadership. As, power is defined as the ability to change others behaviour. Who cant change
others behaviour, cant be a leader.
Management:
Management is the way of getting work done by others or employees. Management is
nothing but utilizing the resources of organization. Some specific Set up activities deals with
organizations resources to achieve organizational goal and objectives efficiently and
effectively is called management.
Management is result oriented, not change oriented like leadership. Management activities
are based on four basic Activities counting Planning, organizing, Leading, Controlling.
Planning- Planning is fixing a goal and deciding how to reach that goal. Here,
deciding a goal is goal setting step and deciding how to reach that goal is plan
setting step.
Organizing- Organizing means how best to arrange organizational resources and
organizational activities.
Leading- Leadership is an influence which changes behaviours comes from external
sources.

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 Controlling: Controlling means measuring or monitoring organizational performance

towards organizational goal.

Some management expert intends to add Stuffing as a basic function of management.

However, every function is interrelated to each other according to their activities.

A.C 1.2: An evaluation of the key management and leadership theories

There are some prominent management and leadership theories to achieve organizational goal
and to enrich organizational efficiency. Here we go with some famous management and
leadership theories.
Management theories:
Many writers expressed their opinion differently about the term management theory. Some
well-known and basic theories of management:
Scientific management theory: A very prominent theory of management is scientific
management theory. This theory was developed by F W Taylor. The main theme of
scientific management theory is the same resource but changing method which
increases production. According to scientific management theory, management is
nothing but increasing production by changing work method.
Taylor had two main contributions to scientific management theory1) Scientific management process
2) Differential rate system
Classical management theory: Classical management theory provides basic
framework of management. This theory has given a common or universal definition
of management.
It was developed through 1900-1930 in the early age of industrialization. In the early age
of industrial revolution, most of the workers become dissatisfied for their working
condition and work place, and for some basic needs. That time managers tried to solve

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those possible problems. Primarily, those problem solving methods used widely in most
of the organization.(education-portal,2014)
Behavioural management theory: Behavioural theory of management explains the
relationship between behaviour of workers and production methods.
Elton Mayo first showed the relationship between workers behaviour and work
method. He showed this relationship by the study named Howthorne studies an
experiment done by two separate but inter related research.(Cliffsnotes,2014)
Management Science: Management science is very recent theory of management.
Using statistics and mathematics to improve management process is management
science. Numerical tools and technique say for PERT used by manager in terms of
decision making.
Leadership Theories:
To enhance the Excellency of leadership and to have a better understanding some leadership
theories been developed.
i)

Trait theory

ii)

Leadership behaviour theory

iii)

Situational theory of leadership

iv)

Functional leadership theory

Trait Theory: There is an old and most common theory of leadership is Trait theory. Main
theme of this theory is leader cannot be made, leader can be by born. People born with some
traits. Those traits cannot be made, who can posses those traits as the part his personality, he
can be a good leader. However, it is not clear regarding the traits which are needed to be a
good and effective leader.
Leadership behaviour theory: As trait theory fail to find out the criteria to be an effective
leader, this theory of leadership originated. It said that, a leaders behaviour influence the
overall activities of workers. As the behaviour of a leader a leader can be- The bureaucratic
leader, The charismatic leader, The autocratic leader, The democratic leader, The laissez-faire

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("let do") leader, The people-oriented leader, The task-oriented leader, The servant leader,
The transactional leader, The transformational leader, The environment leader etc.
Managerial Grid is the most popular leadership behavioural model.
Situational theory of leadership: This theory said that, leadership depends on situation.
Under this theory, there are many theory of situational leadership. L.P.C theory is one of
them. This theory was developed by Fiedler. He states that, there are three types of leadership
situation.
1. Most favourable situation
2. Most unfavourable situation
3. Moderate favourable situation
Here, every situation has some factor and leaders decision depends on the factor of situation.
Functional leadership theory: Functional leadership theory states that, leader is always task
oriented. Leader expects highest output from his sub ordinates. To do a job more perfectly, a
leader expect more and more contribution from his group under control.(vectorstudy,2014)
AC 1.3: an assessment of the challenges of leadership and management practice.
Here we try to find out the challenge of leadership and management practice.
Challenges of leadership and management practice:
Though leadership and management are separate sometimes it becomes difficult to make
separate them from each other. It is the important challenge of practicing leadership and
management separately. Here are a strong discussion about the challenge of leadership and
management practice:
Globalization: In management practice globalization is most important challenge. Manager
must have aware about the present business and economic situation oh the whole world.
Political situation: Political situation of home and abroad be considered as another important
challenge of management and leadership practice.

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Social media: social media is an important way to promote product. It is a big challenge for
management/leadership to choose a perfect media to promote product and organization in
recent days.
Technology: Technology makes easier to accomplish an organizational goal. But choosing a
proper technology, using of it and getting proper benefit from this technology consider as the
main challenge of a manager /leader.
Overload of information: Technology makes easier to access in more information which
sometimes seems challenging to take better information for a leader/manager.
Complex environment: Now, business and commercial environment is too much complex.
This complexity is another challenge of a manager/leader.
( elementaryeducationdegreehq,2014)
Task 2

AC 2.1: An analysis of the key motivational theories and how they influence
organizational success.
Motivation is the enlargement of encourage the to pay more attention to their jobs.
Motivation is an internal force which accelerates the workforce behavior towards
achievement of goals. Force which cannot change behavior is not motivation. Without
motivation no performance will happen. Motivation is the key employs factor of
performance.
Motivational theories: There are a lot of motivational theories. Among them, here we analyze
some key motivational theoriesHierarchy theory of need:
It is the basic theory of Maslow. He states that, People have five basic needs which is fulfilled
gradually. These five needs can be categorized into two needs
1. Basic needs ( First four need of chart)
2. Growth needs ( Self actualization)

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(Source of chart: implypsychology)

It is an old motivational theory but Maslow described that every need come gradually
which id criticized.
ERG theory: It is just modification form of Maslows theory. Here needs are converted into
five to three. These three needs are;
1. Existence (combination of psychological need and security need.)
2. Relatedness ( combination of belongingness and something from
esteem)
3. Growth ( combination of something from esteem and self
actualization)
ERG can come in a different combination but in a step.

Two factor theory: This theory developed by Fredrick Herzberg. He states that, there are two
factors which influence motivation. Those are;
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Hygiene factors: Basic need of an workers are hygiene factor. Those are the right of labor.
Presence of those factors doesnt create satisfaction but absence of those factors creates
dissatisfactions.
Motivational factors: Those are called higher needs. Absence of those factors doesnt create
dissatisfaction but presence of those factors create more satisfaction.(analytictech,2014)
Equity Theory: human always compare with others. It is because, no one likes to be under
rewarded than others. So it is very important to make the perception to worker that, everyone
is equally rewarded according to their output(Analytictech,2014)
Motivational theories influence in organizational success:
Motivational theory whose was discussed earlier make a great influence to organizational
success. organizational success depends on the achieving goal which was set up in earlier.
Workers are the main key elements to achieve goal. To achieve goal, every worker have to
perform their best. Workers will contribute their best effort if he is satisfied. And he will
satisfied only when worker will think that, he is getting enough for his contribution. If
sometimes worker get unexpected extra reward he will be more satisfied and try his level best
to do his job perfectly.
Increasing productivity- is the key element of an organizations success. Motivated or
satisfied worker give his best effort in production, which helps to increase productivity and
achieve organizational goal. Different motivational theories influence in organization as
follows:
Maslows hierarchy theory shows five need level. Employee Satisfaction is not same
in every need level. Some are basic need oriented and some may be social need
oriented. So, it is to understand by manager which need is preferred by employee.
Only fulfilling his expected need can motivate employee which will increase
productivity and lead organization in their success point.

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 ERG theory can originate in different combination. Manager has to know about the
combination of employees need to satisfy their need combination and accelerate the
rate of production.
Two factor theory of motivation is very much important in term of being success of
an organization. Manager has to must aware about the hygiene factor as those are
basic needs of employees. After that motivational factor grow satisfaction which
ultimately increase production by employee according to group goal.
Equity theory deals with equal reward. If a employer rewarded equally or under
rewarded they will nit be motivated. Employee will only be motivated ,when they
will be over rewarded.
AC 2.3- An analysis of the contribution of performance management techniques as
organizational processes.
Performance management techniques(PMT) is the key tool to enhance the effective
performance of employee. Quality of employees performance can be increased by
maintaining performance management techniques. PMT contributes as organizational process
in following ways:
1. It should make clear that what a manager exactly want from employee. Knowing the
specific responsibility, employee will obey the responsibilities on which he has to
responsible to his leader.
2. It is to make clear the organizational objectives to employees as well as their specific
task criteria. It will help an employee to make his ,ind for his specific task.
3. Employee commitment to work is very much important to increase performance. So
leader has to take commitment from every employee to fulfill objectives.
4. Every staff performance should be monitored properly.
5. After monitoring performance of employee it is needed to make them correct if any
fault seen in their activity.
6. Sometimes in the middle of task, motivation may need to employee. It may be
financial or non financial whatever needed for employees
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7. After evaluating any task, it is to explain their performance to them. This explanation
must be clear to employee. Any kinds of complex language should avoid.
8. Leader can criticize in proper way as well as can make them correct to do a task. Only
criticism can discourage employee. Making correction must be needed with criticism
to increase the performance of employees.( 10mmt,2012)
Here we see that, in an organization performance management techniques contributes like
organizational process.
Task 3

A.C 3.1 An evaluation of the role of leadership and management in employee motivation
To achieve organizational success it is very much needed to motivate employees. Employee
motivation is much complex task than any other task because human mind is more difficult to
read. Human resource management is always hard and complex than any other management
process. To motivate employee management and leadership have to play a vital role as
because employee satisfaction is the key element of increasing productivity. Management has
to motivate and handle their employee very carefully as their doesnt grow any
dissatisfaction. Here are tried to discussed about the role of leadership and management in
employee motivation:
Forcing an employee doesnt give expected output. So while dealing with employee
management has to make sure that, employees is not in a condition of force. It is
managers duty to get his task done from employee with positive way.
Employees can expect good behavior from their leader. Expected good behavior is
one kind of motivation. So manager and leader has to deal with employee with good
manner and behavior. Thus employees can be motivated by getting his expected
behavior which create satisfaction among them.
Managers and leaders have to set up their work goal align with employee work goal.
It will be easier to evaluate employees performance according to their combined
goal. It also be easier for employee to do task according to combined goal.

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 Managers and leader have to be aware about the individual need of every employee.
Every employees need and satisfactory level wouldnt be same. So manager should
know the satisfactory level each of them.
Manager or leader can motivate his employees by establishing himself as an example.
Employee will be motivated and be encouraged to do task as the leader do.
To motivate employee, leader and manager has to establish fair system in every step
of work. Any kind of partiality or biasness to a definite employee can grow
dissatisfaction among other employees. So it is very important to make everything
clean and fair to every employee.
If leader and manager take decision with sharing and hearing from employees, here
employees thought themselves as an important fact to do work, and they will try do
work with their level best to keep their importance in decision making.
Another role of a leader to motivate employee is to act as a good communicator.
Effective communication can only influence them to make a task done.
After allocating task to employee, there may raise different problem. A leader has to
be ready to solve those problems and to guide subordinate in proper way. It is another
way of motivate employee to work.
Everyone be pleased if rewarded. When leader and manager give proper complement
for any done work or give financial reward like bonus- employee become more
motivated to accomplish work successful in future.
Proper employee recognition needed to motivate employees
Proper Working environment is one of the most important way to motivate employee.
Managers have to create an employee oriented work environment to motivate
employees of the organization.(forbes,2012)

Task 4
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.A.C 4.1 - An analysis of the development of teams

A team is an important tool to which helps to reach in set up target. Group work or team work
gives more fruitful result than any individual task. In group work it can be said that,2+2=5,
which is known as theory of synergy.
To work in team it is needed to develop teams according to job classification. Development
of team is one kind of job designing where employees work as a group to achieve a goal, than
working as individual workers. An effective team development can increase the creativity and
productivity of workers. So developing teams effectively make sure the success of work.
To develop an active and effective team there should follow some stage. Right people in
right place can be the motto while developing teams. Following stage should be followed to
develop effective teams:
1) Forming team is the first stage of developing a team. In this stage it is to decide more
carefully that which employee will be fit for which task. In this forming stage, every
employee of group must get to know each other. At forming stage team member has to
know about those things:

Mission of project

Main phase of mission

Project schedule(rough)

Responsibility of each members.

2) Second stage of team development is storming. It the process of knowing every issue
of conflict and competition among employees or group. Employees ideas, feelings,
attitude, belief can be shared with in organization in this stage. Before forward in next
stage, Every team member has to prove themselves having posses the problem solving
ability to accomplish work.
3) Norming stage is the third stage of team development. In this stage employee has the
willingness to change their belief with the logical consultation of others. Here every

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employee

acknowledges others contribution, and team issues be solved with

everyones effort. All team cannot reach this stage at a time.

4) In this stage also, every team cannot reach. In this stage team members become more
and more task oriented and people oriented during work. Every team work with more
togetherness to reach in their whole destination.(boundless,2014)
AC 4.2- An analysis of the roles and models of team leadership
Roles of team leadership: Leader has to perform vital role to develop a group. Roles of team
Leadership can be analyzed as below

Leader has to always aware about the mission and vision of team.

A leader has to try to make his team a star team among all. It is not a fact whether
there have any star member or not. A leader can make a team star with his good and
effective leadership.

A leader can make an work interesting which encourage others to perform well.

Motivation can make employee to more die hard to his work. An good leader can
motive his employee when needed.

Monitoring the every team member and make proper correction is another important
role of team leader.

Models of team leadership: from the several team leadership model, an important and
widely used model is Hills model of team leadership.

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Source of table: Northouse, G. (2007).

It can be categorized into 4 levels. they are:

Top level: leaders mental situation has an effect in effective team performance.

Second level: internal and external team leadership step is second level

Third level: this level is task oriented, influenced by environment

Bottom level: Here we see the four steps of team leadership model. in Final step, it
is evaluated that whether above three steps creates high Performance through
Development and Maintenance functions.(1000ventures,2014)

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AC 3.3- an evaluation of the role and usefulness of teams within the organization
Role and usefulness of team within an organization cant be ignore at all. To accomplish task
in more effectively, it is very much need to do task with group than individually. It is because
in group task many mind and their thoughts can be accumulated to perform a task which may
create more creativity. It helps an organization to reach in their destination. Here we can
evaluate the role and usefulness of teams within organization as follows:

Adaptability with new technology and globalization can possible with group work.
It increases the ability of workers equally.

Multiple strategy often implemented in various team work. It helps an organization to

develop their strategic management process.

When work divided into teams, it is needed to lead every team by one individual for
one team. This team leadership may change after completing any specific task. Its
helps organizations employees to develop their leadership qualities gradually.

Conclusion

The study explained the role and importance of the leadership and management and slightly
distinguished difference between them. A leader is a person who accompanied power through
his inherent power of charming and charismatic personality. On the other hand manager or
management is a platform to perform on the basis of the recruitment. Someway leadership is
a earned power where management is defined power. To be successful in the managerial level
of organization one has to be a perfect manager having leadership quality to achieve goals of
the organization.

References:
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