Rishab Khandelwal

804267162
Discussion 3C- Xiao, Q.

Homework 2:
1.54) No, we cant conclude that by increasing the dose of coffee, one can reduce the risk of developing
prostate cancer. This is so because this study was completely observational study. We dont have any
study of what kind of medicines these people were taking. This observation can be made more
conclusive by trying out a controlled experiment.
1.59)
(a) The treatment variable was whether the Medicaid expanded or not and the response variable was
the death rate and the number of people who reported as healthy.
(b) This was an observational study. The researchers didnt recruited people for their study. They simply
studied the effects of Medicaid expansion.
(c) We cant conclude that increase in Medicaid resulted in good results because this was an
observational study. Had this been a controlled experiment, we could have said that Medicaid expansion
resulted in good results.
2.3)
0.3

RELATIVE FREQUENCY

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
40

44

48

52

56

60

AGE (YEARS)
Series 1

2.4)

Column1

Column2

64

68

72

(a) About 4 men had 6 or fewer hours of sleep.

(b) The two modes are 7 and 8 hours of sleep
2.5)
(a) About 1 home doesnt have a television
(b) The most number of televisions in a home is 10
(c) About 27 homes have three televisions in the home
(d) About 6 homes have six or more televisions.
(e) 6 out of 90 home or in other words 0.0667 proportion of the homes have six or more televisions.

2.16)
(a) For both of the graphs, the mode occurs at 100 dollars. However, with the distribution showing the
spending done by women, it is more evenly distributed. And, the distribution showing the spending
done by men, it is skewed towards left.
(b) Men tend to spend more
(c) Women has more variation in its expenditures.

2.22)
(1) = (A)
(2) = (C)
(3) = (B)
2.37) No, the data doesnt support the view that the students shouldnt change their answers because
the largest percentage of change which has occurred has changed the answers from wrong to right.
2.49) This pie chart is hard to interpret because we are not able to figure out the exact number of
students of had a particular amount of sleep. Since no. of hours of sleep is a numerical variable, a
histogram or dot plot would be a better choice.
2.53) Two histograms- one for male and one for female would be a better choice as it will make our task
easy for a comparison between boys and girls.
2.57) The histogram is deceptive because the vertical axis doesnt start from zero. It could be more
effective if the vertical axis starts from zero.
2.60) The histogram for Top 90 schools is skewed towards the right whereas the histogram for Bottom
91 schools, the histogram is a bit evenly distributed and has more variation. This suggest that students
from the top 90 law schools have a greater probability to get jobs after graduation; whereas the

students from bottom 91 law schools have lower probability of landing a job within 9 months of
graduation.