Chapter 13 1 Two waves occupy 4.8 divisions, so 1 wave = 2.4div[1] Time for 2.4div = 2.4500s = 1200s[1] 1 Frequency = 1 = period 1200106 = 833Hz 830Hz [1] 2 a They travel through a vacuum. [1] Their speed in vacuum is 3108ms1.[1] b Microwaves have a shorter wavelength (or higher frequency) than radio waves. [1] 8 13 c i Between 10 and 10 m [1] 16 ii Using c = f, frequency lies between 10 and 1021Hz [1] 3 a Doppler effect source moving towards / away from observer leads to decreased / increased wavelength. [1] b Maximum frequency when boats velocity is directed towards the observer. [1] 420330 Observed frequency = 305 = 390Hz[1] Minimum frequency when boats velocity is directed away from observer. [1] 420330 Observed frequency = 355 = 390Hz[1] c When boats velocity is directed at the student.[1] 4 a
P C
i Any C correctly marked.
[1] ii Any R correctly marked. [1] b Vibrates[1] parallel to the direction of oscillation. [1] c Moves from the equilibrium position to maximum displacement, back to equilibrium, then to maximum displacement in opposite direction and back to equilibrium. [1] 240 times per second. [1] 320 d v = f leading to = 240 [1] = 1.3m [1] 5 a Wave transmitted by vibration of electric and magnetic fields [1]
at right angles to the direction of
propagation.[1] b i Intensity of light from star A is 14 that from B [1] 1 2 Intensity is proportional to r [1] 2 ii Intensity amplitude so amplitude intensity [1] Amplitude of signal from A is 14 = 12 that of B. [1] 8 310 [1] c v = f leading to f = 8 7.510 15 f = 410 Hz[1] 6 a Particles vibrate parallel to direction of propagation.[1] Perpendicular displacement of beam on screen relates to [1] parallel displacement of the particle. [1] 3 b 5 waves in 6 5 10 s so period = 6 103s [1] f = T1 = 167 170Hz [1] c v = f leading to v = 167 1.98 [1] 1 v = 330ms [1] 7 a Equal[1] Same time for one wave and thus same frequency[1] b Waves where the peaks or troughs do not occur at the same time have a phase difference.[1] One wave occurs in about 2.2 horizontal divisions and the waves are separated by 0.3div. [1] 0.3 Phase difference = 2.2360 = 5020 [1] 2 c Amplitude of upper wave is 3 of lower wave. [1] Since intensity amplitude2, ratio of intensity of upper wave to lower wave = 49 [1] 8 a Change in frequency [1] caused by a relative motion between source and observer. [1] fc b Observed frequency = (v+c) 14 8 [1] = 6.510 8 3.0105 (3.010 +6.410 )
= 6.486 1014(Hz)
[1]
Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014
Cambridge International AS Level Physics
Answers to end-of-chapter questions
change in frequency = (6.500 6.486) 1014
= 1.4 1012 Hz [1] c i Away from Earth [1] Red colour means longer wavelength and smaller frequency so Doppler effect indicates star is moving away. [1] ii Further away the faster the stars are moving away [1] 9 a i Lower[1] ii In the time between emitting one wave and the next, the source moves away. [1] The wavelength is larger or waves appear further apart. [1] Since v = f a larger wavelength is a smaller frequency.[1] fc = 4.001500 [1] b Observed frequency = (v+c) (1500+30) = 3.9216(MHz)[1] Shift in frequency = 0.078MHz = 78000Hz[1] c The Doppler effect occurs when the observer (the particles) moves away from the source (the transmitter). [1]
Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014
Mental Math: How to Develop a Mind for Numbers, Rapid Calculations and Creative Math Tricks (Including Special Speed Math for SAT, GMAT and GRE Students)