Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Under Guidance of
Mr. Manish Pandey & Mr. Manish Singh
Mechanical Maintenance (Rotary)
Acknowledgment
I am thankful to Mr. Manish Pandey Sir for giving me an
opportunity to work on this topic while my stay at Rotary
Department.
I am also thankful to all the people of Rotary from Mr.
Manish Singh, Mr. Prabal Gupta, Mr. Ram, Mr. Manoj
Gupta, Mr. Subish, Mr. Jayant, Mr. Subish and Mr.
Shamroj Khan for giving me time out of their busy
schedule.
WHAT IS BEARING??
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative
motion and reduces friction between moving parts to only
the desired motion. The design of the bearing may, for
example, provide for free linear movement of the moving
part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may
prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal
forces that bear on the moving parts.
Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of
operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the
loads (forces) applied to the parts.
FUNCTIONS OF BEARING
The Bearing ensures free rotation of the shaft or the axle
with minimum friction.
BEARING CAGE
In applications involving rolling element bearings,
proper attention to cage design and materials
selection is essential in order to ensure reliable, longterm bearing performance. 3
With the exception of full complement bearings, all
rolling bearings contain a cage. The number of cages
depends on the number of ball or roller sets within the
bearing and on the cage design.
Classification of cages
(b)riveted cage
(c)snap-type cage
(d)window-type cage
Stamped metal cages are lightweight. They provide ample space inside the
bearing to maximize the effects of the lubricant.
Polymer cages
Polymer cages are injection moulded. Fabric
reinforced phenolic resin cage are also there, but only
for super-precision bearings.
Depending on the bearing type, design and size, the
following polymer cages are available:
(a) polymer window-type cage
(b) polymer snap-type cage
minimized.
Low density means that the inertial forces generated
are minimum.
Excellent running properties under poor lubrication
conditions permit continued operation of the
bearing for some time without the risk of seizure and
secondary damage.
Cage guidance
Stamped metal cages are typically guided by
the rolling elements.
Depending on the bearing type and design,
machined metal and polymer cages are
radially centred either on:
(a) rolling elements
Cage materials
Stamped metal cages
Sheet steel cages
Stamped sheet steel cages : continuously hot-rolled low carbon
steel.
Properties : Lightweight cages, Relatively high strength. Surface
treated to further reduce friction and wear. Used in Stainless steel
bearings
Sheet brass cages
Brass, Some small and medium-size bearings.
Properties : In applications like refrigeration compressors that use
ammonia, season cracking in sheet brass might occur, therefore
machined brass or steel cages should be used instead.
Type
Material
Brass
Properties
uses
Light Weight
cage
High Strength
Stainless steel
bearings
Susceptible to
corrosion from
NH3 and Other
Lubricants
Small and
Medium Sized
bearings
Type
Material
Properties
Machined
Steel cages
Non Alloyed
Structural
steel S355GT
Good wearing
and sliding
Properties
Not effected by
Lubricants
Machined
Brass
Cages
CW612N cast
or wrought
brass
Unaffected by
Lubricants
Max Temp.
3000 C
2500 C
Uses
Large
Bearings,
harsh
aggressive
Medium
Small and
Medium size
bearings
Polymer cages
Polyamide 66
Injection moulded polyamide 66 (PA66) with or without
glass fibres
Properties : Good combination of strength and
elasticity. Mechanical properties are temperature and
lubricant dependent.
Polyamide 46
Glass fibre reinforced polyamide 46 (PA46) is the standard cage material
for some small and medium-size CARB toroidal roller bearings.
Permissible operating temperature is 15 C (25 F) higher than for glass
fibre reinforced PA66.
Polyetheretherketone
Glass fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
High speeds, chemical resistance or high temperatures.
Properties : Superior combination of strength and flexibility, high
operating temperature range, high chemical and wear-resistance
Temperature <= 200 C (390 F).
Maximum temperature for high-speed use <= 150 C (300 F)
{ this is the softening temperature of the polymer. }
Phenolic resin
Lightweight, fabric reinforced phenolic resin cages Withstand
heavy inertial forces, but are not able to accommodate high
operating temperatures.
Used as standard in super-precision angular contact ball
bearings.
Polymer cages
Type
Material
Properties
Polyamide
66
Injection
moulded
PA66 w or
w/o Glass
fibres
Good
Combination of
strength and
elasticity
Temp &
Lubricant
Dependent
Polyamide
46
PA46
Greater Temp
Resistant
Max Temp.
Uses
200oC
150oC (High
Speed use)
High speeds,
chemical
resistance or
high
temperatures.
15oC (+PA66
Temp)
Small and
Medium size
bearings
Type
Polyetheret
herketone
Phenolic
resin
Material
Glass fibre
reinforced
PEEK
Properties
Superior
Combination of
strength and
elasticity
High Temp,
chemical and
wear resistance
Withstand High
Inertail forces
but not High
Temp.
Max Temp.
Upper : 70oC
(for
aggressive
media)
Lowe : -40oC
Uses
Applications
of High degree
of toughness
as in railway
axle boxes
superprecision
angular
contact ball
bearings.
Load
Ball Bearings
Roller Bearings
Heavy
Bearing
Shaft Diameter
Ball Bearings
Roller Bearings
Large
Bearing
Alignment
Chances of Misalignment
Normal
No
Bearing
Deep Groove ball
Bearings
Angular Contact
Bearings
Spherical Roller
Bearings
Load Direction
Radial
Combined
Radial and
Axial
Medium Axial
Cylindrical Roller
Bearings
Heavy Thrust
Visual
Bearing
High
Brass Bearings
Bearing
Rigidity Control
High
Normal
Bearing
Noise
Low (Household)
Ball Bearings
Medium
High
References
Thanking them in anticipation
1- Wikipedia
2- Gary Hughes, Product Engineering Manager at The Barden Corporation
3- SKF Rolling bearing Manual
Mechanical Engineering Design 7th Ed. Shigley
Design of Machine Elements by Bhandari
SCHAEFFLER Website
Thank you