Sea-Tel Onboard Personnel Training DAC-2202 Legacy Rev1.1

MARITIME TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
Onboard Personnel
Training
Training Manual
Richard Pimentel
This document is intended for MTN customers only. This document will provide the user with a
basic knowledge of MTNs VSAT system and functionality. This document is to be provided only
after training on the VSAT system has been provided by an MTN representative.
On-Board Personnel Training -
Sea-Tel DAC-2202 / Legacy
Table of Contents
Abbreviations & Terminology 4
Satellite Principles/ Theory . 5
iDirect Hub Remote Basics .. 11
All BDE Component Identification & Functions:
Sea-Tel Digital Antenna Controller(s) (DAC) . 13
Terminal Mounting Strip . 13~14
MUX plate (RF Modems) 15
iDirect Netmodem .. 15
Spectrum Analyzer/ RSA . 16
Cisco Router ... 16~17
Cisco Switch .... 17
Laptop .... 18
Uninterruptable Power Supply .... 18~19
NMEA Buffer .. 19
DAC Menu Navigation and Functionality .... 21~29
Setting and Identifying Blockage Zones (as seen from DAC, and in ADE) ... 26
Targeting a Satellite . 30
Performing a Satellite Cutover . 32
Setting Threshold 36
Maritime Telecommunications Network

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Setting Satellite Elevation & Azimuth Trims ... 37

Up/ Downloading of Options File
Saving Current options file to Laptop .. 39
Loading options file to iDirect Netmodem 40
All ADE Components Identification & Functions:
a. PCU ... 41
b. GPS ... 41
c. Level Cage ... 41
d. Level cage motor ... 41
e. Axes Motors ..... 41
f.
Servo Amplifiers .. 41
g. Home flag switch . 41

h. Azimuth Encoder . 41
i.
Circuit breaker... 41
j.
Power ring ..... 41
k. Rotary Joint ....... 41

l.
LNB ...... 41
m. Feed Assembly ..... 42

n. Pol Motor ..... 42
o. Pol Potentiometer ..... 42
p. BUC ...... 42

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
q. BUC Power Supply (if applicable) ...... 42

r.
Antenna Power supply ... 42
s. Waveguide ..... 42
t.
ADE RF Modems .. 42
u. Polang Relay Assy. .. 42

2.4m & 1~1.5m Antenna Components Photos .... 42~47
Antenna Initialization & 3 Axes Movement ... 47
Tx/ Rx Signal Flow .... 49

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Abbreviations/ Terminology
AC- Alternating Current

ACU- Antenna Control Unit
BUC- Block Up-Converter
CCW- Counter Clock Wise
CONUS- Continental United
States
Co-Pol Co Polarization
Cross-Pol Cross Polarization
CW- Clock Wise
DAC- Digital Antenna
Controller
DC- Direct Current
Directnet- Nomenclature for
MTN network configuration
using iDirect application
DRAM- Dynamic Random
Access Memory
EPS- External Power Supply
ES- Earth Station
Freq- Frequency
FSD- Frame Start Delay
GPS- Global Positioning
System
GEO- Geosynchronous Orbit
GUI- Graphical User Interface
H- Horizontal Polarization
IDU- Indoor Unit
IF- Intermediate Frequency
IFL- Interconnect Facility Link
IOR- Indian Ocean Region
LAN- Local Area Network
Lat- Latitude
LED- Light Emitting Diode
LEO- Low Earth Orbit

LES- Land Earth Station
LHCP- Left-hand Circular
Polarization
LO- Local Oscillator
Long- Longitude
LNA- Low Noise Amplifier
LNB- Low Noise Block (downconverter)
MEO- Medium Earth Orbit
MES- Mobile Earth Station
NetModem- iDirect satellite
modem
NMS- Network Management
Server
NOC- Network Operations
Center
OMT- Orthomode Transducer
PCU- Pedestal Control Unit
PLL- Phase Lock Looped
POL- Polarization
POR- Pacific Ocean Region
QOS- Quality Of Service
Radome- Protects antenna
from environment
RF- Radio Frequency
RHCP- Right-hand Circular
Polarization
RX- Receive chain or signal
Remote- shipside netmodem/
distant-end netmodem
SATCOM- Satellite
Communications
SCPC- Single Channel Per

Carrier
SNR- Signal to Noise Ratio
SSPA- Solid State Power
Amplifier
TCP/IP- Transmission Control
Protocol/ Internet Protocol
TDM- Time Division
Multiplexing
TDMA- Time Division Multiple
Access
TWTA- Traveling Wave Tube
Amplifier
TX- Transmit chain or signal
V- Vertical Polarization
VLAN- Virtual Local Area
Network
V-Sat Very Small Aperture
Terminal
The objective of this document is to provide vessel personnel with the basic knowledge and
understanding of how the MTN VSAT system operates and how to accomplish common everyday tasks.
This document is to be left with vessel personnel for reference purposes only. Any issues, questions,
and concerns about the MTN VSAT system, please call the MTN NOC at 1-954-538-4074.
5

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Satellite Principles/ Theory
Satellite Orbits
There are several types of satellite orbits; Polar, Low-earth, Medium-earth and
geosynchronous to name a few
MTN uses Geosynchronous/ Geostationary Satellites
An orbit that has the same orbital period as the Earth's rotation (23h 56m 4sec)
Orbit does not have an orbital inclination and eccentricity of zero
Orbit directly over equator
Orbital position measured by Longitude
Satellite positions are determined & referenced by its Longitude (e.g. 83 West)
East & West satellite positions are determined from 00 Longitude

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
On-Board Personnel Training
In V-Sat communications, the most commonly used frequency bands are C and Ku.
Radars operate at S and X bands, these bands and on either side of C and can cause
interference.
C-Band Frequencies Operate at:
Uplink 5925 to 6425 MHz
Downlink 3700 to 4200 MHz
Satellite translation frequencies will vary from satellite to satellite, but typically
work at 2225MHz for domestic C-band in MTNs network of satellites.
Ku-Band Frequencies
Uplink 14000 to 14500
Downlink (Mhz)
Band 1- 10950 to 11700
Band 2- 11700 to 12200
Band 3- 12200 to 12700
Satellite translation frequencies will vary from satellite to satellite, but typically work at
2300MHz for domestic Ku-band and 3300MHz for some international Ku-band (ABS-1) in
MTNs network of satellites.
FootPrints/ Beams
Global: Covers 1/3 of the Earth at one time.
Hemi: Covers a hemisphere, i.e. all of North and South America.
Regional: Covers a Continent or Countries and is smaller than a Hemi footprint
Area/ Spot: Covers very small areas in comparison to the other footprints, and are
usually located over small isolated land mass.

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Satellite Interference
Interference - Interference can come from electrical or physical sources. These sources
can introduce noise into the signal or impede the path or reception of the signal.
Microwave Communications The frequency spectrum of satellite communications is

shared among other industries. Microwave and some Radar are particularly intrusive
either in primary or harmonic frequencies.
Sun Outages The sun generates a level of RF noise all of the time and a significant level
at predictable times that are announced by most satellite providers. Storms on the sun
generate waves of energy that degrade most RF signals including satellite frequencies.
Rain Fade Significant levels of water moisture in the air will have a negative effect on
satellite communications because the water molecules in the air attenuate the signal.
The attenuation reduces the signal power level at the receiving end and the Signal to
Noise (S/N) ratio is reduced. The higher the frequency, the lower resulting S/N as a
result of rain fade.
Physical Blockage Other than the Radome, any additional physical mass blocking the
Line of Sight between the antenna and the satellite will decrease the power level and

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
performance of the satellite signal being received. Trees, buildings and towers are
typical sources of physical blockage that need to be mitigated to provide the best
performance.
Polarization
Polarization is a way to give transmission signals a specific direction.
Signals transmitted by a satellite can be polarized in four different ways:
linear (horizontal or vertical) or circular (left-hand or right-hand).
The purpose is to maximize the channels that are available for satellite
broadcasts, efficiently, both linear polarization and circular polarization which
can be applied concurrently for each transponder or frequency assignment.
Linear Polarized signals are transmitted by a satellite and sent as microwave energy in
either, a vertical (up and down) or horizontal (flat) polarization.
Geostationary
Arc
rti
c
al
Po
la
riz
at
io
Linear Polarized Satellites
or
iz
on
ta
l
Po
la
riz
at
io
Ve
Earth
Circular Polarization (C-Band) uses a varying polarization.
Instead of transmitting and receiving the RF signal along a linear plane (H or V),
circular polarization is transmitted and received in a helical rotating pattern
(LHCP = CCW direction and RHCP = CW direction as seen from the satellite)

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
lar
i za
tio
n
Geostationary
Arc
n
tio
ar
i za
i se
kw
oc
Cl
RI
gh
tH
an
Ro
Ci
ta
tio
n
rc
u
Co
la
un
rP
ol
te
r
Le
Cl
ft
H
oc
an
kw
i se
Ci
rc
u
Ro
lar
ta
tio
n
Po
Circular Polarized
Satellites
Earth
Feed Assembly
Orthomode Transducer is part of the feed assembly and is used to combine or

separate the Transmit and Receive signal paths. The Transmit and Receive
signals over the same waveguide section are 90 degrees to each other.
Isolation between the TX and RX signals is generally between 40 dB and 60 dB

(orthogonal shift) minimizing any possibility of interference.
10
This isolation protects the sensitive receiver front-end elements (LNB)

from burning out by the power output of the BUC.
Co-Polarization- is when both TX and RX signals are on the same polarity, i.e.
TX/RX - H/H or TX/RX - V/V. This is used on satellites specifically designed to
operate Co-Pol and requires a Co-Pol kit to be retro-fitted onto the antenna.
Applies to Ku-band antenna systems only.

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Satellite Links
Uplink
Transmission path from Earth station to Satellite
Downlink
Transmission path from Satellite to Earth Station
DirectNet Outbound Channel (Out-Route/Down-stream)
Signal from the Hub to the Remote
Outbound Uplink (Hub to Satellite)
Outbound Downlink (Satellite to Remote)
DirectNet Inbound Channel (In-Route/Up-Stream)
Signal from the Remote to the Hub
Inbound Uplink (Remote to Satellite)
Inbound Downlink (Satellite to Hub)
Outbound and Inbound signals use the same satellite and typically use the same
transponder.
Transponder
A Transponder is a satellite repeater, which accepts the weak incoming signals
from the Earth stations, boosts them, translates them from the uplink to the
downlink frequency, and re-transmits them to the Earth stations
Satellite Systems Equipment
11
Antenna- Receive
Reflector and Band-pass Filter
Band-pass Filter allows only desired signals to pass through
Amplifier- Receive
The Low Noise Blocker (LNB) amplifies signal and provides conversion to L-Band
The Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) increases the power level of the signal
Amplifier- Transmit
The TWTA or SSPA amplifies the power level of the signal to a level that the
Earth stations can receive
Antenna- Transmit
Block Up Converter (BUC) converts L-Band to RF and amplifies the signal
Mixer Local Oscillator (LO)
Converts any frequency to create a new frequency
Utilizes a local oscillator to mix and translate the received Uplink frequencies to
Downlink frequencies at the Satellite (and vice versa).
Utilizes a known stabilized frequency source (10MHz)

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Simple Satellite Conversion:
C-Band
Modem TX L-Band
1200MHz Modem to BUC
BUC LO
4900MHz BUC LO
TX Up Link Freq
6100MHz BUC to Satellite
Satellite LO
2225MHz Satellite LO
RX Down Link Freq
3875MHz Satellite to LNB
LNB LO
5150MHz LNB LO
HUB RX L-Band
1275MHz LNB to Line card
Ku-Band
Modem TX L-Band
1200MHz Modem to BUC
BUC LO
13050MHz BUC LO
TX Up Link Freq
14250MHz BUC to Satellite
Satellite LO
2300MHz Satellite LO
RX Down Link Freq
11950MHz Satellite to LNB
LNB LO
10750MHz LNB LO
HUB RX L-Band
1200MHz LNB to Line card
iDirect Hub Remote Basics
12
Signal to Noise Ratio

SNR is the measure of signal to noise for a digital communications system. It is
measured at the input to a receiver and is used as the basic measure of how
strong the signal is.

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Hub - Remote in-route path

Is a simple TDMA in-route over a single transponder from several remote sites.
Re
In-Route
ot
e
mo
2
te
ote
Re
Rem
Remote
Inroute- Multiple remotes transmitting back to Hub at Earth Station
Remote Equipment Configuration:

LNB and BUC are on the antenna above decks and iDirect netmodem (remote)
is mounted in the rack below decks.
Low Noise Block Down

Converter (LNB)
RX
Radio
Frequency
TX
Radio
Frequency
ES Down
Converter
LNA
ES Up
Converter
AMP
L-Band
RX
(to demodulator)
L-Band
TX
(from Modulator)
BUC (C or Ku)
13

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Below Decks Equipment (BDE) Components
Sea-Tel DAC
Is the man-machine user interface. Allows the user to command and control the
above decks antenna system and provides for visual display of antenna status
and diagnostics.
DAC-2200/2202
Terminal Mounting Strip (TMS)

Allows for interface of Synchro, SBS, or NMEA Gyro, input/ output of NMEA GPS,
external AGC input to Sea-Tel DAC
Older style TMS
14

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
15

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
BDE RF Modem Plate (Mux Plate)

Allows for BDE to ADE communications to have command and control of the
antenna, and allows for laptop to BUC communications. Typical set-up is 2 sets
below decks and 2 above decks.
iDirect Netmodem (Remote)

Is where data/IP information is modulated onto a frequency/ carrier and sent up
to the antenna for transmission to the satellite.
5000 series iDirect Netmodem
16

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Spectrum Analyzer/ Remote Spectrum Analyzer (RSA)

Displays the RX spectrum of bandwidth from the satellite
PSA-37XP
RSA-2150A
Cisco Router
Interfaces ship network to MTN network at the IP level
Cisco 3600 series Router

17

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Cisco 2600 series Router
Cisco 2811 Router
Cisco Switch
Interfaces MTN IP addressable devices to iDirect netmodem via VLANs
Cisco 2950 Switch
18

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Laptop
MTN rack laptop for MTN/ vessel use. For professional purposes only.
Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
MTN provided to support MTN rack and above decks antenna system during
ship power outages.
2kVA Powerware UPS or 6kVA UPS includes Controller (not shown)
19

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
5kVA powerware UPS (older style)
NMEA Buffer
Passes NMEA GPS/ Gyro to ACU, NMEA GPS to Netmodem, & Router for
Shiptracker, and is also a pass-thru for ext AGC and is used to program Garmin
GPS antenna, above decks.
Rev. 2 NMEA Buffer

20

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
SEA-TEL Digital Antenna Controller (DAC) Unit Menu Navigation & Functionality
Stabilized Antenna System Terminology-
DAC 2200 series Front Panel Functions:
The DAC-2200 and 2202 have Next, Select, and Enter buttons to navigate the display
menus.
The DAC-2200 and 2202 also has an Up, Down, Left, and Right arrows for further
selection and control. The new DAC has a tracking button to toggle tracking on and off.
21

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
DAC Menus
Ship menu has three entries
Latitude The latitude of the vessel location
Longitude The longitude of the vessel location
Heading The current heading of the vessel.
The heading has two entries. The right entry is the heading that the DAC is
receiving. The left entry is the echo from the heading that the PCU is receiving.
The Satellite menu has four displays with a sub menu under the receiver.
The top left is the current satellite that has been entered
The top right is the threshold entered
The bottom right is the AGC
The bottom left is the receiver menu and the sub menus under it. To enter into
the sub menu keep pressing the enter key (some versions of software you will
need to use the N/S/E/W key).
The receiver first has the tracking freq in L-band i.e. MHZ 1015
The next display will be KHZ or Baud rate.
Next will be tone, this is not used in MTN systems
Next will be volt horz/vert, this is not used in MTN systems.
Next is FEC, this is changeable to many settings. The MTN systems

use only the SCPC mode or the AUTO.
22
Next is NID, MTN does not use this function and it MUST be set to 0000
The Antenna menu has five displays:
The top left is Azimuth display. The AZ display is a calculation of Rel + Heading
+/- AZ trim.
The top right is Elevation display from the elevation angle sent back by the PCU

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
The bottom left is Relative display. The REL display is a position feedback from
the PCU of the encoder reading.
The bottom right is AGC display. This is the signal strength from the satellite.
The NEXT bottom left display is Polang display. The POL display is a direct
readout of the pole pot on the feed of the antenna and is sent to the DAC from
the PCU.
With the DAC-2200 and 2202 use the arrow keys to select the desired
axis position and change the numbers using the up / down arrow keys.
To slew the antenna, select the main antenna window with all four
displays present and use the arrow keys to move the antenna.
The Mode menu has active tracking and searching selections. Under the Mode menu is a
list of parameters. After the these parameters is the remote commands.
The first display is CONTROL TRACKING. The tracking function can be turned
on/off using the up arrow. The band selection can be changed using the down
arrow. The band select does not change the function of the tracking. Band
select is KuLo, KuHi, C, or X. (typically used for LNB Band selection)
Next is CONTROL SEARCH, use the up arrow to toggle this function on/off.
Search can only be enabled when the AGC is lower than threshold.
Next is the STATUS ERROR display. This display reflects the errors that the system has
accrued. The ERROR window has two sets of numbers.
The first set is the communication errors between the PCU and the DAC. The
number will increment for each missing data bit.
The second set of numbers is the specific errors that the DAC or the PCU has
detected.
23
The sum of the numbers will represent what error has occurred.

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
The next display is the REMOTE AUX. This is not activated and has no relevance.
The Set-Up menus should only be modified by qualified technicians. The Set-Up menu
will change the tracking, searching and function parameters. To access the menus press
and hold the left & right arrow keys simultaneously for 3 seconds or until auto trim or
EL trim is displayed.
24
AUTO TRIM: applicable in ACU sw ver. 6.06 >. Auto calculates & applies EL/AZ
trim (see below).
EL TRIM: This changes the EL display without changing the look angle. This is to
compensate for the differences in the machining of each antenna. The trims are
used to adjust the display value to the calculated value of the satellite.
AZ TRIM: This changes the AZ display without changing the AZ position. The AZ
TRIM is used to correct for the imperfections on the installation of the antenna.
The trims are used to adjust the display value to the calculated value of the
satellite.
AUTO THRES: This has the DAC calculate the threshold automatically. MTN does
not use this function and should be set to 0000.
EL STEP SIZE: This changes the size of the steps when in step-track. A value of
0001-0004 is for active step track. A value of 0000 is used for dish-scan tracking.
AZ STEP SIZE: This changes the size of the steps when in step-track. A value of
0001-0004 is for active step track. A value of 0000 is used for dish-scan tracking.
MTN uses a default of 0003 for step-track. NOTE: All Ku systems should be
running dish-scan.
STEP INTEGRAL: Controls the integration of steps, i.e.... the time the antenna
takes before the next step is initiated. MTN uses a default of 0060. A setting of
0000 activates dish-scan tracking. NOTE: All Ku systems should be running dishscan.
SEARCH INC: The search pattern is a spiral box pattern, the SEARCH INC
represents the incremental size the next pattern will be.
SEARCH LIMIT: Represents the overall size of the search box
SEARCH DELAY: Represents the amount of time the AGC can be below the
threshold before the search will begin.
SWEEP INC: This function is not used at MTN.
SYSTEM TYPE: This number represents the different features that are initiated
in the system.
Add the numbers together to activate the corresponding configuration
MTN uses 134 for C-Band and 198 for Ku-Band antennas
For the External AGC to be activated, the system type 2 and 128 must
always be combined.

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
For the older Ku-Band systems (i.e. 4003), the LNB voltage must be
enabled and the correct voltage selected from the receiver menu.
GYRO TYPE: This number indicates the type of compass interface that is
connected.
The most common gyro type at MTN is 2 or 360
POLANG TYPE: This number represents the polang type the system is in. MTN
only uses a POLANG TYPE of 0009 (Manual mode) or 0072 (auto pol mode)
0
Circular Feed (No polang function)
1
Manual mode
8
Pol pot readout
64
Auto Pol
A 9 is a 1+8 (Manual mode and Pol Pot readout) this mod is
used to read the pol pot and to manually rotate the polang. The
72 is an 8+64 (Pol pot read and Auto Pol) is set after a
calibration and cross-pol has been performed. The polarizer will
automatically adjust while the vessel changes location.
When using a circular feed, the Polang Type must not be set to
Auto.
POL OFFSET: This is the offset to trim out the polang when using the auto pol
mode.
25

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
POL SCALE: This represents the scale factor for the specific type of antenna
feed.
AZ LIMIT and EL Limit: AZ 1, 2, EL12/ AZ 3, 4, EL 34/ AZ 5, 6, EL56: This feature
disables tracking and searching within the specified azimuth and the EL blockage
areas.
The blockage zones will define an area of blockage relative to the
antenna on the vessel. All of the entries are X10. This is because there
are no decimals that can be entered. Example: An AZ limit of 1000
would represent a REL position of 100. An AZ limit of 1005 would
represent a REL position of 100.5. This is the same for the EL limit, an EL
limit of 450 = EL of 45. An EL of 455= EL position of 45.5.
AZ 1 will define the starting position of the blockage zone and AZ 2 will
define the end of that blockage zone. EL 12 will represent the height of
the EL position for the blockage zone.
There are typically three different blockage zones in the software.
AZ 1,2 and EL12 = Blockage zone one
AZ 3,4 and EL34 = Blockage zone two
AZ 5,6 and EL56 = Blockage zone three
(Drawings next page)
26

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Using Azimuth & Elevation Blockage Zones
Using Azimuth Blockage Zones

27

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
5v OFFSET: This function is used for TVRO with HCDC feeds

5v SCALE: This function is used for TVRO with HCDC feeds
The 5V pol motor is mounted on the end of the single C single Ku feed
that has Vertical, Horizontal, RHCP and LHCP capabilities with the
alignment of a dipole mounted in the OMT
TX POLARITY: The TX POL selects the polarity that the system will be
transmitting in. There are two setting for this display, 2 and 4. 2 represents
vertical TX and 4 represents horizontal. (Some 40xx systems the pol assy. has
been mounted 90 degrees out and this will reverse the logic).
TRACK DISP: The track display will change the function of the tracking window.
Depending on the setting for the TRACK DISP the front panel display will change
and the corresponding function will be active.
Tracking Display Index Table
Tracking
Display
Tdisp
Index
cNNN'
cmd
ADE Band select outputs
BDE sw1
Usage/Details
c0040
Tone 0, Volt 13, Aux 0
Off
Legacy C/X, KuLo/KuHi
c0041
On
Band Relay driven by AUX
KuLo
c0042
Off
Uses standard PCU SW
KuHi
C0043
On
Xp 13
40
c0040
Off
Xp/Cp, Dual Band LNB
Xp 18
40
c0041
On
Pol relay driven by AUX
Cp 13
40
c0042
Off
Uses standard PCU SW
Cp 18
40
c0043
On
Xp B1
130
c0040
Off
Xp/Cp, Quad Band LNB
Xp B2
130
c0044
Off
Tone switch driven by PWM-
Xp B3
130
c0041
On
PWM- controlled by Tone Select
Xp B4
130
c0045
On
Requires TVA enabled PCU SW 6.42c
Co B1
130
c0042
Off
Co B2
130
c0046
Off
Co B3
130
c0043
On
Co B4
130
c0047
On
Tracking Display Chart for Multi-LNB use
28

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
29
SAVE NEW PARAMETERS: To save any changes in the SETUP menu, you must be
in the save new parameters display
DAC-2200/2202
To save changes in a DAC-2202, press the left arrow key and
then enter. A verification of SAVED will appear.
REMOTE COMMAND: allows access to the PCU. With this function, the PCU
can be programmed, monitored, and controlled.
REMOTE MONITOR: allows the command to be viewed.
DISHSCAN: allows for easy toggling of the Dish-Scan function of the antenna.
This function needs to be in conjunction with other settings.
This function is present with version software 4.20 and higher.
SAT REF: allows for easy toggling of the Satellite Reference mode.
This mode must be used with ALL types of satellite compass input.
(Vector lite and Furuno).
This function can also be used if the vessel looses the gyro input or has a
defective gyro.
REMOTE TILT: is used for the level cage offset and is a trim to level out the level
cage.
REMOTE PARAMETERS: is used to save any changes made to the PCU. To save
press the up arrow and enter, the display will flash if the PCU accepted the
changes. If the changes are not saved, the last saved parameters will be
reloaded into the PCU.
REMOTE BALANCE: applicable in ACU sw ver. 6.06>. Removes voltage from
axes motors to balance antennas with motor brakes.
REMOTE UPLOAD: is used to program the PCU. This mode locks the ACU and
allows the data to pass to the PCU. To program the PCU the REMOTE UPLOAD
must be present in the display. To program the ACU this mode must NOT be
used.

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Targeting a Satellite
Using a DAC-2200/2202
Before beginning it is necessary to know some Information pertaining to the desired

satellite.
Position of the desired satellite_________________________________
Example: 325E, 64E, 40W
L-band tracking frequency ____________________________________

(Mhz)
Step:
1. Press NEXT key until SATELLITE display is found.
2. Press ENTER key to isolate satellite position.
3. Press Left or Right arrow key to select appropriate digit then use Up or Down
arrow key to change value to the desired satellite, <ENTER>. Turn tracking off by
pressing the tracking button (tracking/search light will go out). This will prevent the
ACU from going into search once the Satellite calculated Azimuth and Elevation are
reached.
1. Press NEXT and record the calculated AZ/ EL values.
a. AZ ________ EL __________
5.
If antenna did not lock on targeted satellite, begin a manual grid pattern search.
This will be done from the AZ & EL display under the ANTENNA menu,
a. Using calculated AZ/ EL values, begin sweeping AZ +/-20 degrees from the
satellite calculated position, then move EL 2 degrees up or down, then sweep
Azetc. continue sweep pattern by toggling back and forth between AZ & EL
display values by pressing the ENTER key. Once the pattern has been
completed in one direction, continue search in the other half of the grid
keeping the satellite calculated position in the center. Search using this grid
pattern until the desired satellite signal is found.
30

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
b. For e.g. (Beginning Elevation is the starting point of the grid search)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +40 deg AZ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
2 deg EL
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< -40 deg AZ <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
2 deg EL
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +40 deg AZ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

2 deg EL
<<<<< -20 deg AZ <<<<<<< Begin Elevation >>>>> +20 deg AZ >>>>>>>
2 deg EL
2 deg EL
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< -40 deg AZ <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +40 deg AZ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
2 deg EL
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< -40 deg AZ <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
c. This procedure should be done until satellite signal is found. If after sweeping +/- 5
degrees in Elevation, the signal still isnt found, increase Azimuth sweep to +/- 30
degrees (or 60 degrees total), and repeat step 5. Ensure heading, latitude and
longitude are correct.
Note: With a KU antenna, point accuracy more critical. The Elevation should only be
increased or decreased by 1 degree when performing the Grid Pattern search.
6. Once satellite signal is found record on-sat AZ and EL. Make sure to allow 8 seconds to allow
DishScan to adjust antenna pointing angles before recording.
a. AZ __________ EL ___________
7. Once appropriate satellite signal is found, locating the satellite is complete.
End of Page
31

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
- To ensure that the antenna is pointing in the correct area as it searches for the satellite, below is a
figure showing the antennas Azimuth pointing angle to the satellite and its RELATIVE position in
reference to the BOW of the ship.
N
W
HDG 240.3
REL 221.0
AM1 (40E)
Ship Lat= 30.37N
Satellite Longitude= 40.0 E
Ship Long= 28.5W
Azimuth Look Angle= 101.3 deg. (calculated value)
Ship HDG= 240.3 deg.
Elevation Look Angle= 9.9 deg. (calculated value)

Antenna RELATIVE Position= 221 deg.
32

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Performing a Satellite Cutover Using a DAC-2200/2202

Step 1Call the NOC on an alternate system and notify them that you are requesting a satellite cutover.
If you call using the V-Sat system, the connection will be terminated when the modem is reset.
a. When calling into the NOC you will need to identify who you are, your position, the
vessel that you are on, the type of antenna that you have. You will also need to
verify your location.
b. The NOC will look up the vessel and the location, with this information the best
satellite and settings will be determined. The NOC will then inform the user of the
new satellite, the new tracking frequency and to tune the Spectrum Analyzer to the
new frequency.
c. The user will be asked if the options file for the current satellite is saved to the
desktop, if not the user will need to retrieve the options file from iSite and save the
options file before the satellite change proceeds.
d. The NOC will PUSH the new options file to the modem if the system is in the
network. If the system is not in the network, a different procedure will need to take
place. The modem will reset and the lights on the front of the modem will
extinguish and go through a start up and self check sequence.
Step 2- DAC
Enter the new satellite and tracking frequency into the DAC
a. Press next key until SAT menu is displayed
b. Press <enter> until FREQ xxxx or MHz xxxx and AGC xxxx appears. (This will
depend on the type of tuner card in the DAC).
c. Using the arrow keys, enter in new frequency and then press <enter>
d. Tune the spectrum analyzer to the tracking frequency.
e. Enter the new satellite position by pressing <enter> until SAT xxx.x E/W is
displayed in the window alone. Utilize the arrow keys to change satellite longitude.
f.
Press <enter> once satellite position is changed.
g. The antenna will now move and target the new satellite entered
33

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Normal indication the netmodem will acquire a green RX LED and then a green TX LED and next
the network LED will go green. This will indicate that you are now in the network and have
acquired the new satellite.
The NOC will have the operator perform three tests: A Cross- Pol test if the system is linear (all of the Ku
band systems are linear), a Compression test, and a Threshold settings test.
The three steps that need to be performed are:
Cross-Pol or Compression Test (similar setup)
Step 1- laptop
To perform a cross pol test and a compression test the user will need to start a telnet session
with the modem.
a. Click on the Start icon then click Run and enter telnet with the IP address in the
command prompt. telnet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
b. Once in telnet session, enter username admin and password iDirect for the
password.
c. The NOC will give you a new TX frequency, write the frequency down so you can
reference back to it if need be.
Tx frequency ___________
STEP 2- DAC
Turn the tracking off on the DAC if the vessel is in port.
a. Press Tracking to toggle tracking off. Green tracking light should be extinguished
b. Press & hold; Left & right arrow keys simultaneously until Auto Trim or EL Trim is
displayed.
a. Press <enter> key until SYSTEM TYPE appears
b. Note SYSTEM TYPE and change to 4 if not already. This will ensure EXT AGC is
disabled.
Record the original setting before changing any settings in the DAC.
34

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Step 3- Laptop netmodem telnet session

To set up the modem:
a. Enter rx enable off <enter>. This will disable RX Lock on netmodem
b. Enter tx freq xxxx.xx <enter>, given by the NOC
c. Enter tx power -25 <enter>, at NOC direction
d. Enter tx cw on <enter>, at NOC direction
The NOC will instruct you to adjust the power level of the modem to the needed level for the test. To
continue Cross-Pol test go to step 4, if Compression test go to step 5.
Cross-Pol Test
Step 4- DAC
a. Press next key until Antenna menu (AZ/EL look angles) is displayed in window.
b. Press <enter> until POL xxx appears in window & record POL value.
Initial POL value _________
c. Press & hold ; Left & Right arrow keys simultaneously until Auto Trim or EL Trim is
displayed.
c. Press <enter> key until POL TYPE is displayed
d. Change display from 72 to 9 for manual skew of feed assembly.
e. Go back to the POL screen under ANTENNA menu NOC will instruct the user to
adjust the pol in a specific direction. The user might need to move the pol back and
forth by using the Up and Down keys to achieve the needed value at the earth
station.
Once the test is completed, record the value of the pol
f.
New POL Value __________
Calculate the difference of the original POL display value and new POL value; this number will be
negative or positive.
g. POL Difference __________
35

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Go to the POL OFFSET menu and adjust the number up or down accordingly.
a. Press and hold; Left & Right arrow keys simultaneously until Auto Trim or EL Trim
is displayed.
b. Press enter key until POL OFFSET appears
c. Enter POL difference value +/- the value currently displayed
Go to the auto-pol setting and enter 72 back into the system
d. Press Up arrow once until POL TYPE appears and enter 72, <enter>
The POL value should now read the new POL value that was recorded during the test
After the cross pol test is performed a compression test will be needed.
Compression Test
Step 5- Laptop netmodem telnet session
To perform Compression test all needed applications are already open.
Follow the instructions from the NOC and adjust the TX power accordingly in telnet session.
After the test is performed the NOC will have the user disable the TX and bring the system back into the
network
With the use of the telnet session the following commands will normalize the system
a. tx cw off <enter>, this will disable carrier
b. rx enable on <enter>. This will enable green RX lock
Never enter RX enable on before the TX CW is turned off.
The modem will acquire the network and the NOC will PUSH a new options file with the new settings
achieved with the tests that were just preformed, once the options file is PUSHED the modem will reset.
Allow the modem to acquire the network again and then:
36

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Step 6- DAC
Turn tracking back on if the tracking was disabled.
a. At DAC, press Tracking key, which will toggle tracking on
If the system type was changed, change the system type back to the original settings.
b. Press & hold; Left & right arrows simultaneously until Auto Trim / EL Trim appears.
c. Press <enter> key until SYSTEM TYPE appears
d. Enter in original SYSTEM TYPE; default is 134 C-band & 134 for newer Ku-band (198
for older Ku-band antennas (+64 for LNB voltage)), <enter>
The next test that will be needed is to properly set the threshold of the system.
Threshold Test
Step 7- DAC
Let the system peak onto the signal and achieve the highest AGC level. The NOC will then ask the user
to disable tracking and move the system up in elevation very slowly. The user will need to watch the
AGC setting and note the value when the system loses the network.
a. Press Tracking key to turn tracking off
b. Press the Up arrow moving the antenna elevation up
c.
Record AGC value when netmodem loses network.

AGC value_________
The value of the AGC when the modem loses the network will be the new threshold value.
Enter the new value into the threshold setting.
d. Press next until the SAT menu displays
e. Press <enter> key until THRS xxxx appears alone
f.
Enter in new threshold, and press <enter>
Turn the tracking back on.

g. Press Tracking key, toggling tracking on
Unless the NOC needs to perform any other tests the satellite cutover is now complete.
37

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Setting Azimuth & Elevation TrimsUsing a DAC-2200/2202

Before beginning it is necessary to know some Information pertaining to the desired satellite.
Position of the desired satellite_________________________________
Example: 325E, 64E, 40W
Step:
1. Record calculated AZ and EL values from Targeting a Satellite
a.
AZ value ___________ EL ___________
2. Record on-sat AZ and EL values from Targeting a Satellite

a. AZ value ___________ EL ___________
3. Find the difference between on-sat AZ value and calculated AZ value
a. AZ Trim____________ ex. Calculated AZ 100.0, On-sat AZ 96.5 (100.0 96.5) *10=
AZ Trim of 0035
4. Find the difference between on-sat EL value and calculated EL value
a. EL Trim____________ ex. Calculated EL 55.0, On-sat EL 57.3 (55.0 57.3) *10= EL
Trim of -0023
5. On DAC go to SET UP parameters and enter in new EL & AZ TRIM
a. Simultaneously press the left and right arrow keys until EL TRIM xxxx appears
b. Record existing EL TRIM
i. EL Trim ____________
c. Press <enter> key until AZ TRIM xxxx appears
d. Record existing AZ TRIM
i. AZ Trim ____________
6. AZ Trim value _______________ + __________________ = ________________
(Value from 5di)
(Value from 3a)
(new AZ TRIM value)
7. EL Trim value _______________ + __________________ = ________________

(Value from 5bi)
38
(Value from 4a)

Training Manual
(new EL TRIM value)

16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
8. Once new AZ/ EL TRIM values have been calculated

a. Go back to EL TRIM value by pressing the Up arrow key
b. Press the left or right arrow keys to select appropriate digits.
c. Use the up and down arrow keys to change value to new EL TRIM value and
press. <enter>
d. Press Enter and go to AZ TRIM value and follow the same procedure for new value
as above.
Verify new trim values:
9. Turn tracking off by toggling the Tracking key.
10. Press the NEXT key until the ANTENNA menu is displayed.
11. Drive antenna off satellite by changing azimuth & elevation, and verify that antenna
consistently targets desired satellite within .5 degrees. Refer to Targeting a Satellite if
needed. If antenna immediately finds satellite go to step 12, if not go to step 13.
12. To save new trim values
a. Simultaneously bumping the left and right arrow keys SAVE NEW
PARAMETERS should appear.
b. Press the left or right arrow key and then <enter>. PARAMETERS SAVED will
appear in the window if information was correctly saved.
13. If antenna for whatever reason does not target to calculated AZ and EL re-accomplish this
procedure.
14. If satellite cannot be found at all, refer to the Targeting Satellite section of this manual.
End of Page
39

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Up & Downloading of Options FileUsing iSite- iSite is the local GUI used to access the iDirect Netmodem to view & monitor parameters
and can be used to diagnose some netmodem problems. iSite also allows you to up and download
options file if needed. Note that when up and downloading options file that the netmodem refers to
saving the options file onto the laptop as uploading and sending the netmodem an options file from
the laptop as downloading. iSite should only be accessed by authorized personnel or under the
direction from an MTN representative.
Before loading a new Options file to the netmodem, the current options file should be saved.
To save (upload) options file to disk:

1. From the Component Tree menu,
right click on REMOTE; Select
Upload option to Disk
2. Alternatively, Select Option File
from the iSite Menu bar; Select
Upload to Disk
3. A previously created Options
Folder from the desktop will
open or you can select a drive or
location where the options file is
located and save to disk
4. It is recommended that prior to
servicing ANY remote the service
tech save the current
configuration for possible use
later if difficulties occur and the
unit needs to return to the
previous configuration)
40

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
To send (download) and options file to the netmodem:
1. From the Component Tree menu,

right click on REMOTE; Select
Download option from Disk
2. Alternatively, Select Option File
from the iSite Menu bar; Select
Download from Disk
3. A previously created Options
Folder from the desktop will open
or you can select a drive where
the options disk is located
4. Select the correct Options file
from the list (Note, loading the
wrong options file locally or
remotely can lock up the unit to
the point where it is inaccessible)
5. A prompt will ask Are You Sure
etc)
6. Select Yes
7. Another window will open and
state that the Options file was
successfully downloaded
End of Page
41

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Above Decks Equipment (ADE) Components Identification & Functions- 2.4m & 1~1.5m Antennas
Pedestal Control Unit (PCU) - PCU provides antenna control and voltage feedback for
stabilization. The PCU also provides communications to the ACU and distributes voltage to the
sensors and the motors. PCU will be labeled as PCU.
GPS- GPS antenna provides the system with Latitude and Longitude for antenna targeting.
Level Cage- Houses four sensors for stabilization. Five sensors for the new xx09 antenna
systems. (two separate tilt sensors) Level Cage will be labeled as Level cage.
Level Cage Motor- Provides the position of the elevation for elevation look angle. Level Cage
Motor will be labeled as Level cage Motor.
Axes Motors- All Sea-Tel antennas are 3 axes antennas. This means that the antenna moves in
Cross-level, Elevation, & Azimuth axes. All axes are controlled by an axes motor for those
respective axes.
The Cross level motor provides stabilization across the cross beam.
The Elevation axis motor provides stabilization in elevation axis without changing the
elevation look angle.
The Azimuth axis motor provides the yaw adjustment for stabilization and
compensation for ships heading change.
Servo Amplifiers- Supply the voltage and current to the motors. The amplifiers also control the
direction of the motors to compensate for vessel movement. Integrated into the PCU on all
1~1.5m & 97xx antennas. Servo Amplifiers will be labeled as Servo Amplifiers.
Home Flag Switch- Provides the initial reference for the Azimuth encoder during initialization.
Azimuth Encoder- Provides the relative position of the antenna, which is used in the calculation
of the satellites azimuth position.
Circuit Breaker- Provides ships AC voltage to the antenna system. Usually 220vac.
Power Ring- Consists of two sets of sealed ball bearings. The inner side of the bearing race is
where the AC power is applied from the circuit breaker. The outer race of the bearings is where
the AC is picked off and sent to the antenna power supply. This allows for continuous azimuth
rotation.
Rotary Joint- Is a two channel coax joint with an outer race and an inner race that the IF signal
passes through, allowing for continuous azimuth rotation while passing IF signals.
LNB- Resides on the Receive path and converts C-band or Ku-band signals to L-band.
42

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Feed Assembly- Is where the Transmit and Receive signals are focused, and sent to the satellite
(TX) or to the LNB (RX).
Pol Motor- Moves the Linear feed assembly to compensate for change in satellite angle.
Pol Potentiometer- Provides feed assembly position to the DAC via the Polang Relay Assembly.
Block Up-Converter (BUC)- Resides on the Transmit path and converts L-band signals to C-band
or Ku-band.
Antenna Power Supply- receives AC voltage via the power ring, and converts it to 24vdc for the
PCU. Power Supply will be labeled as Power Supply.
Waveguide- Resides on the Transmit path and is the medium in which the transmit signal is sent
from the BUC to the Feed Assembly. Can be Rigid or Flexible.
ADE RF Modems- Allow for communications between below decks DAC and above decks PCU,
and also allows for below decks laptop and BUC communications (if applicable). Typically 2 sets
below decks and 2 above decks, and runs over the RX cabling. RF Modems will be labeled as RF
Modem.
Polang Relay Assembly- Provides drive to the Polang motor to move the feed assembly and
provides polang potentiometer feedback to the DAC below decks. Polang Relay Assembly will be
labeled as Polang Relay Assembly.
2.4m
Waveguide
Elevation
Motor
Level Cage
BUC
GPS
PCU
Circuit Breaker
43

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
2.4m
RF Modems
AC Power Supply
CL Motor
Servo Amp
2.4m
Level Cage
Motor
Integrated Azimuth
Motor/ Encoder
44

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
2.4m
Flexible
Waveguide
Feed Assembly
LNB
Pol Motor
Pol Pot.
2.4m
Rotary
Joint
Power Ring
Some Components may be located in a different location on other

2.4m models.
45

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
1~1.5m
BUC
Power
Supply
Pol Aux
Relay
Assy.
Antenna
Power Supply
PCU
RF
Modems
1~1.5m
LNB
Level Cage
Motor
Level
Cage
GPS
antenna
Circuit
Breaker
46

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
1~1.5m
1~1.5m
BUC
EL Motor
47
CL Motor

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
1~1.5m
Pol Pot
LNB
RX cable to
RF Modem
TX cable
from BUC
Pol Motor
Feed Assembly
Some Components may be located in a different location on
other 1m & 1.5m antenna models.
Antenna Initialization & 3 Axes Movement
All Sea-Tel antennas move in 3 axes; Elevation/ Cross-Level/ Azimuth
Elevation is the Up & Down movement of the equipment frame where the
reflector is attached too.
Cross-Level is the side to side movement of the equipment frame where the
reflector is attached too.
Azimuth is the left to right movement of the antenna as the ship makes heading
adjustments.
Initialization- Is a sequence of startup steps that the antenna performs. The steps in the
initialization process are key to defining the sensor positions for operation. Some
sensors on the antenna are not direct feedback and need to have a starting position
defined.
Step 1
Level cage will turn CCW 90 degrees (depending on the view (angle) to the level
cage) and hit the level cage stop. The level cage will then turn opposite 45
degrees.
48
This operation is performed as the level cage motor will define the
elevation look angle. The motor does not have positive feedback and
Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
needs to have a predetermined starting position. The reason for the

back and forth motion is related to the mechanical stop positions for
the level cage, the system compensates by rotating the motor 90 steps
CCW to the stop (the reference point) and then moves back 45degrees.
The motor will pol slip against the stop until it has counted 90 steps; this
is the reason for the clicking. This will define the elevation starting
position when the antenna comes out of initialization. The elevation
look angle will be 45 degrees +/- the elevation trim.
Step 2
EL motor will activate and bring the level cage level.
When the level cage has stopped the elevation axis will drive the level
cage to level in the elevation axis. The system will use the tilt trim to
define were level is.
(The reflector will be positioned at 45 degrees.)
Step 3
CL motor will activate and bring the cross level beam to a level position.
Step 4
AZ motor will activate and turn the antenna CW until it trips the home flag.
49
When the elevation axis has found its position the cross level axis is
initiated and the antenna will move to find the tilt trim on the cross
level axis. The level cage will be level across the top. The cross level
beam will be perpendicular to the AZ post.
After the cross level has finished the Azimuth will start to rotate Clock
wise. On all systems, the azimuth will rotate clock wise. The antenna
will keep turning until it trips the home flag. The home flag is a sensor
either mechanical or electronic (depending on the system) the home
flag will define the starting position for the azimuth. The Azimuth does
not have direct feedback and needs to obtain a starting position. When
the antenna finalizes the initialization process, the relative position will
start at 0, unless a Home Flag Offset is configured in the PCU.

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1
Tx/ RX Signal Flow-
50

Training Manual
16 November 2010
Legacy rev. 1.1

Sea-Tel Onboard Personnel Training DAC-2202 Legacy Rev1.1

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Sea-Tel Onboard Personnel Training DAC-2202 Legacy Rev1.1

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

MARITIME TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

On-Board Personnel Training -

Sea-Tel DAC-2202 / Legacy

Maritime Telecommunications Network

On-Board Personnel Training -

Sea-Tel DAC-2202 / Legacy

Setting Satellite Elevation & Azimuth Trims ... 37

g. Home flag switch . 41

Power ring ..... 41

k. Rotary Joint ....... 41

m. Feed Assembly ..... 42

Maritime Telecommunications Network

On-Board Personnel Training -

Sea-Tel DAC-2202 / Legacy

q. BUC Power Supply (if applicable) ...... 42

Antenna Power supply ... 42

u. Polang Relay Assy. .. 42

Maritime Telecommunications Network

On-Board Personnel Training -

Sea-Tel DAC-2202 / Legacy

AC- Alternating Current

LEO- Low Earth Orbit

SCPC- Single Channel Per

Maritime Telecommunications Network

On-Board Personnel Training -

Sea-Tel DAC-2202 / Legacy

Satellite Principles/ Theory

MTN uses Geosynchronous/ Geostationary Satellites

Orbit does not have an orbital inclination and eccentricity of zero

Orbit directly over equator

Orbital position measured by Longitude

East & West satellite positions are determined from 00 Longitude

Maritime Telecommunications Network

On-Board Personnel Training

C-Band Frequencies Operate at:

Sea-Tel DAC-2202 / Legacy

Uplink 5925 to 6425 MHz

Downlink 3700 to 4200 MHz

Uplink 14000 to 14500

Band 1- 10950 to 11700

Band 2- 11700 to 12200

Band 3- 12200 to 12700

Global: Covers 1/3 of the Earth at one time.

Hemi: Covers a hemisphere, i.e. all of North and South America.

Regional: Covers a Continent or Countries and is smaller than a Hemi footprint

Maritime Telecommunications Network

On-Board Personnel Training -

Sea-Tel DAC-2202 / Legacy

Microwave Communications The frequency spectrum of satellite communications is

Maritime Telecommunications Network

On-Board Personnel Training -

Sea-Tel DAC-2202 / Legacy

Polarization is a way to give transmission signals a specific direction.

Signals transmitted by a satellite can be polarized in four different ways:

linear (horizontal or vertical) or circular (left-hand or right-hand).

Linear Polarized Satellites

Circular Polarization (C-Band) uses a varying polarization.

Maritime Telecommunications Network

On-Board Personnel Training -

Sea-Tel DAC-2202 / Legacy

Orthomode Transducer is part of the feed assembly and is used to combine or

Isolation between the TX and RX signals is generally between 40 dB and 60 dB

This isolation protects the sensitive receiver front-end elements (LNB)

Maritime Telecommunications Network