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V.
HAFNIA
- Not known to cause gastroenteritis
- Possesses delayed (+) citrate reaction
a. Hafnia alvei- the only sp
VI.
PROTEUS
- Dienes Phenomenon- 2 species in 1
medium: produce demarcation line
a. Proteus mirabilis b. Proteus vulgaris
- Widely recognized human pathogens
- Isolated from urine, wounds and ear &
bacteremic infections
- Produce swarming colonies or nonselective media such as sheeps blood
agar
- Colonies produce burned chocolate
odor
- Produce H2S
- Hydrolyze urea-pink
KLEBSIELLA
- GI tract of human and animals
- -large, very mucoid colonies- presence
of capsule
a. Klebsiella pneumoniae most common
spp
- with a polysaccharide capsule
- a frequent cause of lower respiratory
tract infections
- also causes wound infections, UTI and
bacteremia
b. Klebsiella oxytoca- identical to K.
pneumoniae
- indole (+)
c. K. ozaenae isolated from nasal
secretions and cerebral abcesses
d. K. rhinoscleromatis- isolated from
patients with rhinoscleroma infection of
the nasal cavity
III.
ENTEROBACTER
- Motile
- (+) in Simmons citrate
- (+) in KCN broth
- Methyl red (-)
- Voges-Proskauer test (+)
- Produces ornithine decarboxylase
a. Enterobacter cloacae
b. Enterobacter aerogenes
IV.
SERRATIA
- Opportunistic pathogens - nosocomial
outbreaks
- Ferment lactose slowly
- Resistant to a wide range of
antimicrobials
- Produce pigment
a. Serratia marcescens produce
characteristic
b. Serratia rubiaea
prodigiosin pinkred pigment
c. Serratia odorifera- gives off a dirty musty
odor like potatoes
VIII.
IX.
EDWARDSIELLA
(-) for urea
- (+) for lysine decarboxylase
- (+) for H2S
- (+) for indole
- (-) for Simmons citrate
a. Edwardsiella tarda- opportunistic;
cause bacteremia & wound infections
b. Edwardsiella ictaluri- cause enteric
septicemia in fish
c. Edwardsiella hoshinae- isolated from
snakes, birds and water
X.
XI.