Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
August 2014
N.B. Farmers are advised to seek further assistance from livestock extension officers,
which are available in all the regions of Swaziland.
The gross margins have been prepared by the Gross Margin Task Team (Marketing Advisory
Unit, Extension Staff, Livestock Marketing Unit (LMU), Horticulture staff, National
Gross Income
Item
Unit (Kg)
Growers
Yield
55
Price
240
Value
28
369600
Total income
369600
Unit (Kg)
Qty
Cost/Unit
Total Cost
Boar
3300
3300
Sows
10
1210
12100
50
90
221.00
19,890
50
10
263.00
2,630
Pig weaner
50
48
285.00
13,680
Pig grower
50
478
241.00
115,198.00
Pig finisher
50
178
226.00
40,228.00
12
800.00
9,600
85.50
342
Labour
months
Farrow sure B
40ml
Litterguard
100ml
714.00
714
Paperizine
100g
38.00
76
Ectoban
330.00
330
Iron injection
100ml
180.00
180
Eartags
25/packet
10
140.00
1,400
Eartag applicator
420.00
420
Teeth clipper
97.00
97
Pessaries
tablet
Water
months
1
12
E12/t
240
300.00
3,600
Transport
Abattoir
TVC
Gross Margin
BEY (kgs)
BEP (E/poker)
Break even price E18.7/ Kg
3,000
240
80
19,200
246,226
123,373.91
8,793.79
1025.9
18.7
159.89
In addition, the pig industrys future looks bright as the SADP program assisted immensely
in the procurement of breeding stock at Mpisi for multiplication. The production of sows and
boars locally will help farmers to revitalise their businesses and go back into production,
producing pokers for sale.
Market opportunities
The market for pork is available in the whole country. Most of the pork consumed in the
country is imported from the Republic of South Africa. There is also a need to form a central
marketing unit by farmers.
2.
Market opportunities
The market for goats is available in the country. There is also a need to form linkages by
farmers in order to facilitate proper supply to the market. Her Majesty, the Queen mother has
acquired a market for goats in Seychelles though the logistics have been not formalised.
ITEM/DESCRIPTION
INCOME
GROWERS
MANURE
TOTAL INCOME
VARIABLE COSTS
FEED
BROILER STARTER CRUMBLES - 50KG
BAGS
MIXED FOWL - 50KG BAGS
MEDICATION
NEWCASTLE VACCINE
FOWL POX VACCINE
DEWORMER - PIPERIZINE (200G)
VIRUKILL
KARBUDUST - 200G
TOTAL VARIABLE COST
GROSS MARGIN
BREAK EVEN PRICE/BIRD
COCKS
UNIT
PRICE/UNIT
TOTAL
VALUE (E)
1008
10
50
10
UNIT
COST/UNIT
(E)
50400
100
50500
TOTAL
COST (E)
24
155
290
222
6960
34410
4
5
3
1
2
45
60
38
170
80
180
300
114
170
160
42294
8206
41.96
846
ASSUMPTIONS
DESCRIPTION
# OF CYCLES/HEN/YEAR
TOTAL # OF CYCLES/YEAR
NUMBER OF EGGS/HEN/CYCLE
NUMBER OF EGGS/HEN/YEAR
TOTAL # OF EGGS/YEAR
HATCHABILITY
# OF HATCHED CHICKS/HEN/CYCLE
# OF HATCHED CHICKS/HEN/YEAR
TOTAL # OF HATCHED CHICKS/YEAR
MORTALITY
DEAD CHICKS/BIRDS
GROWERS
# SOLD BIRDS/YEAR
FEEDING QUANTITIES
BROILER STARTER CRUMBLES
(1KG/CHICK/6WEEKS)
MIXED FOWL (60G/DAY/BIRD)
BREEDING STOCK
GROWERS
NUMBE
R
5
100
15
75
1500
80%
12
60
1200
16%
192
1008
1008
1200
24 50KG BAGS
503.7
7257.6
10
145
155 50KG BAGS
Market opportunities
The market for indigenous chickens is available in the country. There is also a need to form
linkages by farmers in order to facilitate proper supply to the market. In addition, the
Ministry of Agriculture is promoting the commercialisation of indigenous chickens and its
taking shape as there has been multiplication centres established in the country which will
lead to securing good breeding stock.
4. Gross margin for 5- DAIRY COWS
(Small Scale)
ITEM
VALUE
TOTAL
VALUE(E)
QUANTITY
Sales
21900
197100
Empty bags
180
540
manure
400
800
600
1800
total income
200240
COST/UNIT
UNIT
TOTAL COST
Variable Costs
dairy cows
13000
65000
dairy meal
227
180
40860
knapsack sprayer
885
885
milking cream
90
90
milk filter
40
40
1465
1465
97
97
500
1500
330.45
330.45
teramycin
207
207
162
162
transport
1500
1500
teat dip
160
160
calf starter
250
10
2500
deadline (5L)
rumevite
hay
ectoban
114796.45
Gross margin
BEP (E/L)
BEY (L)
Assumptions
85443.55
5.24
12755.2
Lactating period is 305days per year and there is 50% chance that a calf will be male/
female.
VALUE
QUANTITY
Sales
Empty bags
manure
male calf sales
total income
4.5
3
400
600
UNIT/COST
Variable Costs
dairy cows
dairy meal
knapsack sprayer
milking cream
milk filter
deadline (5L)
rumevite
hay
ectoban
teramycin
Anthrax, botulism, black quarter
transport
teat dip
calf starter
Total Variable Costs
Gross margin
BEP(E/L)
BEY(L)
13000
227
885
90
40
1465
97
500
330.45
207
162
1500
160
250
TOTAL
(E)
VALUE
122000
720
2
10
549000
2160
800
6000
557960
TOTAL COST
20
720
1
4
4
2
2
12
2
2
2
1
4
40
260000
163440
885
360
160
2930
194
6000
330.45
207
162
1500
640
10000
446808.45
111151.55
UNIT
3.66
99290.8
Assumptions
Each cow produce a minimum of 20L per day
Lactating period is 305 days
Milk will be sold at E4.50/L
50% of the calves will be males
Yield
Price
Egg trays
4,333
30
129990
10
800
Manure
50 80
Value
Total income
130790
Unit
Layers
Laying mash
Packing 30 egg tray
containers
50kg
Electricity
Cost/Unit
Total cost
500 59.00
29,500
345 230.00
79,350
400
5.5 2,200
month
12
180 2,160
Labour
months
12
800 9,600
Water
months
12 300.00
Transport
Virukill
Vitamin stresspack
3,600
3,000
1 170.00
170
1 25.80
26
TVC
129,606
Gross Margin
1,184
BEP (E/tray)
29.91
BEY (trays)
4,320.19
Market opportunities
Informal market for layers is available in the country whilst the formal market is dominated
by large scale producers. There is also a need to form linkages by farmers in order to
facilitate proper supply to the market to avoid the adverse competition with giant producers.
There is also a need to do some marketing research by the farmers before venturing into this
enterprise.
6. GROSS MARGIN FOR 1000 BROILERS
Item
Unit (Kg)
Sales
Manure
Total income
Yield
50
Price/unit
Total Value
95
0 35
33250
100
10
1000
34250
Units
Box
50
50
50
100g
1000 doses
1000 doses
Litre
Bales
Unit
1000
20
30
20
4
1
1
1
4
Unit/ Cost
(E) Total Cost (E)
6.5
6500
290
5800
290
8700
270
5400
25.8
103.2
45
45
53
53
170
170
75
300
Transport
Wages
Gas Refill
Total Variable Costs
Month
Month
3
1.5
2
300
350
390
900
525
780
29276.2
Gross Margin
4973.8
BEP (E/bird)
30.82
BEY (birds)
837 birds
Assumption
Mortality= 5%
836.46
Market opportunities
Farmers are advised to get a market first before venturing into this enterprise. Currently the
market in this industry seems saturated.
10 cows
VALUE
ITEM
COST/UNIT(E) QUANTITY
Income
Revenue
Empty bags
Manure
offals
Total income
8377.2
3
50
600
20
288
100
20
167544
864
5000
12000
185408
COST/UNIT
QUANTITY
TOTAL COST
3000
20
60000
30000
142
288
40896
20448
162
162
419.95
330.45
1L
1
330.45
49.95
49.95
62
124
150
150
120
120
133
420
70
2.5
150
800
1
1
1
1
20
3
133
420
70
2.5
3000
2400
Variable costs
Stock (feeder cattle)
Feed
Fattening ration
Drugs and tools
Vaccine black qt +
botulism
Panacure
Ectoban
Eartag
permanent
marker
Eartags
for
cattle
yellow
Supona aerosol
Peni LA 15/15-VMD
100ML
Cattle weigh belt
Eartag applicator
Syringe
Needle
abbattoir costs
Hired labour
TOTAL VALUE
83772
432
2500
6000
92704
TOTAL COST
81
165.225
24.975
62
75
60
66.5
210
35
1.25
1500
1200
Transport
Total costs
Gross Margin
BEP/ animal
BEY (no of animals)
1500
1500
106357.9
79050.1
5317.895
12 animals
750
53178.95
39525.05
6 animals
Unit
Fish
Yield
570
Price/kg
242.25
Value
25
6056.25
Less TVC
Unit
Unit cost
Total cost
Variable cost
fingerlings
3f/m2
600 1.00
1,000.00
600
1,000
Fertilizers (LAN)
25 25
CaC03
45 45
Labour
Water
300 1,800
300
Transport
200
TVC
3,970
Gross Margin
2,086
BEP
16.39
BEY (Kg)
158.80
The gross margin indicates that the fish farming is viable. A farmer can earn about E2,086 per
cycle from 600 fingerlings. The breakeven yield is 158.80kg per cycle and breakeven price is
E16.39 per kilogram. The farmer should note that this margin can be obtained under good
aquaculture practices.
Market opportunities
The market for fish is available in the country. There is also a need to do some marketing
research by the farmers before venturing into this enterprise.
YIELD
(Kg)
720
Start Up Costs
Quantity
19.5
Cost/Uni Quantity
t
500
18
250
4
750
1
150
1
80
1
110
1
62
1
438
1
1933
1
Hive Boxes
Trap Box
Bee Suits
Gum Boots
Gloves
Hive Tool
Bee brush
Smoker
Training
Variable Costs
Transport
Labour Costs
Total costs
Year
1
Year
Year 2
1
19.89
1.11
734.5
41.03
1
Year
2
1404 1404
0
0
Total Total
cost
cost
9000
0
1000
0
750
0
150
0
80
0
110
0
62
0
438
0
1933
0
300
500
1432
3
-283
Gross Margin
E/unit
300
500
800
1324
0
Gross margin
(Langstroth)
for
20
Bee
Hives
Yield(Kg)
E/unit
1000
19.5
Quantit
y
Year
1 Year
(income) 2(income)
Income
2 Harvest per year
19500
19500
E/Unit
Unit
Total
costs
Total costs
Langstroth Boxes
850
18
15300
Trap Box
350
1400
Bee Suits
750
750
Gum Boots
150
150
Gloves
80
80
Hive Tool
110
110
Bee brush
62
62
Smoker
438
438
Training
1933
1933
Transport
300
300
Labour Costs
500
500
Total
21023
800
Gross Margin
-1523
18700
Start Up Costs
Variable Costs
BEP 1st
(E/kg)
Year
Year 1
Year 2
21.023
0.8
BEY
(Kg/Enterprise)
1078.10
41.03
Market Opportunities
The market for honey is available in Swaziland. There is also a need to form linkages by
farmers in order to facilitate proper supply to the market.