Ligaya ng Pagiging Lugami:

Nobela at Pagsasabansa
- Nobela na ang makabagong Epiko
- Artipisyal ang konstruksyon ng anu mang epikong lumalabas ngayon
- Nobela vs Epiko
High Rereadability (Nobela) : Low Rereadabilty (Epiko)
Dynamic Characters (Nobela) : Static Characters (Epiko)
Societal Problem (Nobela) : Personal Problem (Epiko)
- Nobela vs Pelikula
No Time Limit (Nobela) : Has Time Limit (Pelikula)
Low Weight of Production (Nobela) : High Weight of Production (Pelikula)
Deeper and Imaginative Audience Reception (Nobela) : Shallow and Multimedia Audience Reception (Pelikula)
- Social Class with Access to Novels
Educated Class : must have the required knowledge and skill to fully appreciate the texts and its elements
Leisure Class : must have the freedom of time to devote into long readings
Reading novels is an acquired taste
- Epekto ng Pagiging Serial ng Pagbabasa ng Nobela
Author is now limited by having the readership and market in mind
Stories are either prolonged or shortened to maximize profits
Allows more people to have access to these books; increase in readership
- Transition from Novel to Movie
Comics as the transitional device
Visual aid in forms of drawings
Presence of Dialogue or sound effects to fill in for orality

- Ethos and Ethical Positioning

Nobela as an instrument of pedagogy

People/Students are just forced to read these texts

The act now becomes a form of work more than a form of leisure or enjoyment
Ethical Positioning
Reading is based on the synergy of the readers own emotions and thoughts to the characters own.

- Heteroglosia by Mikhail Bakhtim

Defined as the presence of multiple voices and perspectives of different characters in one story
Reader becomes exposed to more perspectives and ideas
- Chronotype by Mikhail Bakhtim
Defined as the spatial and temporal relations in a story
Events and physical space change the further you go into the novel
Changes in time/event can denote a change in space; change in space can denote change in time
- Posibility and Imposibities in Changing Society
Novels show the vision of changed society but not the methods to achieve it
Pessimistic and gives no direct solution to the roots of the problem

Mga Bagay-bagay ng Bayan:

Perspektibo, Realismo, at
Nasyonalismo
- Flaneur by Walter Benjamin
defined as idle or leisurely walking, observations are casually made and stumbled upon
In Noli, shows the clashing perspectives of the Narrator and the Main Character
There is a separation between what the character thinks is happening, and what is really
happening

- Importance of Perspectives
Shows realism in both what is inside and outside the novel
Helps avoid biases
Helps understand the thought process of the character as depicted by the Narrator
- Dalawang Pagkasulat ng Nobela
(1) What the Character Says and (2) What the Narrator Says
Needs two things to understand
(1) Flow of the Story
(2) Interconnection of the Characters
- Realismo
Guarded on what is true
Makes things easier to interpret
- Essayistic Mode
The ideas of Rizal are injected into his character, Ibarra
In this way Rizal is still able to share his comments and opinions on certain issues
- Papel ng Panitikan sa Pagbabago ng Lipunan
Pag mumungkahi ng solusyon sa mga problema
Gumawa ng sining para sa masa
- Nasyonalismo sa Panitikan
(a) iangkop ang sining sa pagtatalakay ng mga isyung panlipunan
(b) ilahad ang mga suliraning may kinalaman sa isyu
(c) panindigan

Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga

Tagalog
Salita

Sang-ayon sa Dominante / Kolonyal na

Panitikan

Sang-ayon sa Rebolusyonaryong
Pantikan [Ang Dapat Mabatid ng Mga
Tagalog]

Bulag

Pagan worship, and native/primitive

works (by Bagyot Rilim)

Being gullible or lied to

Hamak na asal

Native/barbaric manners
(Urbana&Felisa)

Abuse by the Friars; Abuse of Filipinos

against fellow Filipinos

Maling
panalampalataya

Pagan, animistic, native/primitive

wrong decision to believe or to follow

foreign influence

Liwanag ng
Katotohanan

Memorial de la Vida Christiana;

importance on colonial influence

Enlightenment; trusting in the

capabilities of our own country;
Awareness of bastardization

Mahal at dakilang
aral

Memorial de la Vida Christiana, Urbana

at Felisa, Sermon, Relihiyosong
Panitikan

tabing na bumubulag; darkness

- Two Ways of Looking at Philippine History

[Bi]partite View
Dark Age : Pre-Colonial
Golden Age : Spanish Colonialism
[Tri]partite View (by Zeus Salazar)
Golden Age : Pre-Colonial
Dark Age : Spanish Colonialism
Enlightenment Age : Revolution

May Bagyo Mat May Rilim

Tula
- serves as a promotional material for Memorial de la Vida Christiana en Lengua Tagala
translates to Memorial of the Christian Life in Tagalog
weapons were a luxury and status symbol for the IPs more than a defense tool
talks about enlightenment from the precolonial beliefs
establishes the inequality between the Spanish and the IPs
implied lesson: you have to know the linguistics of your target if you wish for a proper
colonization
- several images were used to entice people into colonization:
Weapon : Sandata : reference to MDLVC
Blindness : Nabulag : reference to IP lackings
Light : Liwanag : reference to MDLVC
Shipwreck : Naguiua : reference to IP lackings
Waves : Daloyong : reference to IP lackings

 Driftwood : Timbulang : reference to MDLVC

Handicapped : Pilay : reference to IP lackings
Crutch : Toncod : reference to MDLVC