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Statistical Data
Un-Grouped Data
Individual Data
Grouped Data
Discrete Frequency Distribution
Mean
x=
Where,
x
n
x=
fx
x=
Where,
Where,
fx
N=
Weighted Mean
Not Applicable
x=
xw
x=
xw
Where,
x = Class Mid Value
1 |NSG ACADEMY - 9823782121
Trimmed Mean
Step1: Sort all n values
Step2: Calculate %
Step3: Discard Step2 value from lower
and upper end
Step4: Find mean of remaining
observation using above formula
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Combined Mean
+
+
Where,
=
=
=
=
=
Where,
A= Constant
Note: Change of origin = Add or Subtract a constant number from each value of
..
=
=
,
,
=
=
=
,
..
Median
N=
N
+ c. f.
Median(M ) = L + 2
h
F
Check
If N = Even
Where,
Median(M )
n
n
obsevation value + 2 + 1
2
=
2
observation value
If n = Odd
n+1
Median (M ) =
2
Median(M )
N
N
obsevation value +
+1
2
2
=
2
N=
observation value
If N = Odd
Median (M ) =
N+1
2
Mode
Mode(M )
= The value that occurs maximum number of times
Mode(M ) = L +
f f
2f f f
Where,
N=
Quartiles
Lower Quartiles Q1
n = Total Sample Size
N=
4 |NSG ACADEMY - 9823782121
N
+ c. f.
Lower Quartile(Q ) = L + 4
h
F
Check
If n = Even
Check
Where,
If N = Even
Lower Quartile(Q )
n
n
obsevation value + + 1
4
4
=
2
N=
observation value
If n = Odd
Lower Quartile(Q ) =
n+1
4
Lower Quartile(Q )
N
N
obsevation value +
+1
4
4
=
2
If N = Odd
Lower Quartile(Q ) =
N+1
4
Median Q2
N=
Check
If n = Even
Median(M /Q )
n
n
obsevation value + + 1
2
2
=
2
N
+ c. f.
Median(M /Q ) = L + 2
h
F
Where,
If N = Even
observation value
Median(M /Q )
N
N
obsevation value +
+1
2
= 2
2
observation value
If n = Odd
Median(M /Q ) =
n+1
2
If N = Odd
Median(M /Q ) =
N+1
2
N=
Upper Quartile Q3
3N
+ c. f.
Upper Quartile(Q ) = L + 4
h
F
Check
If n = Even
Upper Quartile(Q )
3n
3n
obsevation value + 4 + 1
4
=
2
If N = Even
observation value
If n = Odd
Upper Quartile(Q ) =
3(n + 1)
4
Where,
Upper Quartile(Q )
3N
3N
obsevation value +
+1
4
4
=
2
N=
observation value
If N = Odd
Upper Quartile(Q ) =
3(N + 1)
4
Decile
iN
+ c. f.
i Decile(D ) = L + 10
h
F
Where,
= 1,2,3 . .9
N=
Percentile
iN
+ c. f.
100
i Percentile(P ) = L +
h
F
Where,
= 1,2,3 . .99
N=
Range
=
Where,
L = Largest Item
S = Smallest Item
Quartile Deviation
.
Variance
Where,
Where,
N=
N=
Standard Deviation
Where,
Where,
8 |NSG ACADEMY - 9823782121
N=
N=
)+
Where,
=
+
+
+
+
Combined Variance
=
)+
+
Where,
=
Coefficient of Variation
. .=
| |
100
&
&
. .
A= Constant
) +(
Empirical Relation
Mean Mode 3 ( Mean Median )
, &
Skewness
Karl Pearsons coefficient of Skewness
3(
3(
Interpretation:
If
If
If
Remark:
The
+ 1 . . 1
+1
(
(
)(
)+(
)
=
)
Interpretation:
If
If
If
Remark:
The
+ 1 . . 1
+1
Kurtosis
Moments
Raw Moments
=
Where,
= 0,1,2, ..
=
Where,
= 0,1,2, ..
=
Where,
= 0,1,2, ..
=
=
Central Moments
=
Where,
= 0,1,2, ..
=
Where,
= 0,1,2, ..
=
Where,
= 0,1,2, ..
=
=
+2
+6
:
= 0,
< 0,
> 0,
= 0,
< 0,
> 0,
= 0,
< 0,
> 0,
Covariance
( , )=
( , )=
( , )=
)(
( )( )
( )
( )=0
( )
( )=0
)(
( , )
) =
) =
)(
)
1
)(
Remark:
| |1
Interpretation:
= +1,
= 1,
= 0,
| | > 0.8,
0.3 < | | < 0.8,
| | < 0.3,
.
.
.
Coefficient of Determination
( )=
Unexplained Variation
= 1
.
.
.
( ) = 1
6
( 1)
Where,
=
=1
+
(
+
1)
Where,
( ) =
1
12
( ) =
1
12
Regression
Regression Lines X on Y
=
Regression Lines Y on X
Regression Equations
( )
( )
Normal Equations
=
+
Regression Coefficients
) ( )( )
( )
( , )
) ( )(
( )
Coefficient of Correlation
Fitting of second degree curve
+
=
( , )
Where,
=
Multiple Regression
Equation of Plane of Regression of X1 on X2 and X3
=
Where,
,
,
=
Multiple Regression Equations when the deviations are taken from their means
[
=0
=0
=0
2
1
2
1
2
1
, ,
= 1,2,3
(1
)(1
)(1
)(1
(1
(1
, ,
= 1,2,3
Time Series
m-yearly moving averages for the Time Series
T
Y
t1
y1
t2
y2
t3
y3
.
.
tn
yn
For fitting linear trend y=a+bt , by least squares method, the Normal Equations are
=
Where,
=
=
(
=
=
1
(
2
)
) (
Exponential Smoothing
=
=
+ (1)
0<< 1
1200
400
100
100