1.

2.

3.

4.

Do the levels of progesterone and FSH increase or remain low during the first few days of the
menstrual cycle?
A.

Progesterone and FSH both remain low.

B.

Progesterone remains low but FSH increases.

C.

Progesterone increases but FSH remains low.

D.

Progesterone and FSH both increase.

How is in vitro fertilization different from natural fertilization in humans?

A.

In vitro fertilization involves artificial injection of sperm into the uterus

B.

In vitro fertilization only involves one parent

C.

In vitro fertilization happens outside the body

D.

In vitro fertilization uses stem cells instead of eggs

What happens during amniocentesis?

A.

The amniotic sac fills up with fluid to prevent damage to the fetus.

B.

Amniotic fluid is removed to obtain fetal cells for testing.

C.

The amniotic fluid is replaced to avoid rejection problems with rhesus positive fetuses.

D.

Fluid is emptied from the amniotic sac during childbirth.

The levels of hormones vary during the menstrual cycle in women. Each hormone reaches its
maximum level at a different time in the cycle. In what sequence do the hormones reach their
maximum level, if the cycle begins at the start of menstruation?
A.

LH, progesterone, FSH, estrogen

B.

FSH, progesterone, LH, estrogen

C.

LH, estrogen, FSH, progesterone

D.

FSH, estrogen, LH, progesterone

5.
During fertilization in humans, where do the acrosome and the cortical reactions occur
most often?
Acrosome reaction

6.

7.

8.

A.

Vagina

Uterus

B.

Uterus

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

C.

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

Uterus

D.

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

What are the levels of the hormones estrogen, progesterone, LH and FSH during the menstrual
cycle at the time of ovulation?
Estrogen

Progesterone

LH

FSH

A.

High

Low

High

High

B.

High

High

Low

High

C.

Low

High

High

Low

D.

Low

Low

Low

Low

After fertilization what is the correct order of events?

A.

Embryo secretes HCG implantation of embryo in uterine wall stimulates corpus

luteum to grow

B.

Implantation of embryo in uterine wall stimulates corpus luteum to grow embryo

secretes HCG

C.

Implantation of embryo in uterine wall embryo secretes HCG stimulates corpus

luteum to grow

D.

Continued secretion of progesterone and estrogen embryo secretes HCG stimulates

corpus luteum to grow implantation of embryo in uterine wall

What is the location and function of Sertoli cells?

Location

9.

Cortical reaction

Function

A.

Seminiferous tubule

Feeding developing sperm

B.

Seminiferous tubule

Feeding interstitial cells

C.

Epididymis

Feeding developing sperm

D.

Epididymis

Feeding interstitial cells

During oogenesis how many gametes are produced from one oogonium, the cell that starts to
divide to produce gametes?
2

10.

11.

A.

B.

C.

D.

Which correctly describes the role of the epididymis in semen production?

A.

Produces fluid containing fructose to nurture sperm.

B.

Finishes maturation of sperm so that they are capable of swimming.

C.

Produces alkaline fluid with minerals to protect sperm.

D.

Produces fluid containing fructose and store mature sperm.

The diagram below shows the human male reproductive system and associated organs.

Which of the labelled structures indicate the bladder, prostate and urethra?
Bladder

Prostate

Urethra

A.

B.

C.

D.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Human sperm and eggs both consist of single cells. What is a difference between them?
A.

Sperm have more chromosomes than eggs.

B.

Eggs have more chromosomes than sperm.

C.

Sperm have a larger surface area to volume ratio than eggs.

D.

Eggs have a larger surface area to volume ratio than sperm.

Why is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) important in early pregnancy?

A.

It is required for equal cell divisions in the growing embryo.

B.

It stimulates the ovary to continue production of estrogen and progesterone.

C.

It increases the rate of cell division in the embryo.

D.

It promotes growth of the inner cell mass within the embryo.

What happens to the zygote immediately after fertilization?

A.

It remains in the uterus until placenta develops.

B.

It implants in the wall of the uterus.

C.

It divides by meiosis to form an embryo.

D.

It divides by mitosis to form a blastocyst.

What is the function of the epididymis?

A.

Mucus production

B.

Production of nutrient fructose solution

C.

Storage of sperm during maturation

D.

Secretion of alkaline solution

What is in vitro fertilization?

A.

Fertilization using donated sperm

B.

Artificial fertilization of an egg inside the body

C.

Fertilization of an egg outside the body

D.

Cloning technique to help couples conceive

17.

Which of the following outlines the roles of the two hormones oxytocin and progesterone
during childbirth?
Oxytocin

18.

19.

Progesterone

A.

causes uterine contraction

level rises allowing oxytocin

production

B.

level falls allowing progesterone

production

causes uterine contraction

C.

stimulates estrogen production

level falls allowing oxytocin

production

D.

causes uterine contraction

level falls causing oxytocin

production

Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum in the ovary of a woman at implantation?
A.

FSH

B.

LH

C.

HCG

D.

Progesterone

What is the origin and role of luteinizing hormone (LH) in spermatogenesis?

Origin

Role

A.

Interstitial cells of testes

triggers first meiotic division

B.

Pituitary gland

stimulates testosterone production

C.

Pituitary gland

triggers first meiotic division

D.

Interstitial cells of testes

stimulates testosterone production

20.
Women should periodically have a Pap smear test performed to detect cervical cancer.
Which letter indicates the cervix in the diagram below?

A
B
C
D

21.

Which of the structures labelled in the diagram below provide nourishment for developing
sperm cells?

From An Atlas of Histology by Freeman and Bracegirdle. Reprinted with permission from Pearson Education Ltd.

22.

23.

24.

25.

How does fertilization differ from copulation?

A.

Fertilization always produces a zygote.

B.

Only fertilization involves gametes.

C.

Fertilization is a conscious event.

D.

Fertilization can spread HIV.

In which of the following structures does meiosis take place?

A.

Epididymis

B.

Prostate gland

C.

Testis

D.

Seminal vesicle

Which organ secretes FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)?

A.

Ovary

B.

Testis

C.

Pituitary gland

D.

Placenta

Which of the following is regulated by positive feedback?

A.

Blood sugar

B.

Temperature

C.

Oxytocin levels

D.

Progesterone levels

26.

27.

28.

Which labelled structures represent the epididymis and the prostate gland?

Epididymis

Prostate gland

A.

III

B.

II

III

C.

IV

D.

IV

Which hormones cause the wall of the follicle to develop after ovulation and to secrete more
progesterone?
A.

FSH and LH

B.

LH and HCG

C.

HCG and oxytocin

D.

Oxytocin and FSH

Which of the following occur(s) at birth in the mothers body?

I.

Increase in oxytocin

II.

Increase in uterine contractions

III.

Increase in levels of progesterone

A.

I only

B.

I and II only

C.

II and III only

D.

I, II and III

29.

30.

31.

32.

What part of spermatogenesis in humans takes place while spermatids are associated with
Sertoli cells?
A.

Cell differentiation

B.

First division of meiosis

C.

Second division of meiosis

D.

Testosterone production

Which substance is at a higher concentration in the blood of a fetus compared with the blood of
the mother?
A.

Antibodies

B.

Glucose

C.

Amino acids

D.

Urea

What does oxytocin control?

A.

Brain development of the fetus

B.

Onset of ovulation

C.

Stimulation of uterine contractions

D.

Implantation of the blastocyst

How do the levels of oxytocin and progesterone change immediately prior to birth?
Oxytocin

Progesterone

A.

decreases

decreases

B.

decreases

increases

C.

increases

decreases

D.

increases

increases

33.

34.

35.

How does the amniotic fluid help the fetus during pregnancy?
I.

Supplies food to allow the fetus to grow rapidly

II.

Supports the fetus so that no part of it is under excess pressure

III.

Protects the fetus by acting as a shock absorber

A.

I and II only

B.

I and III only

C.

II and III only

D.

I, II and III

In the menstrual cycle in humans, which hormone causes the wall of the follicle to develop after
ovulation and to secrete more progesterone?
A.

Estrogen

B.

FSH

C.

LH

D.

Oxytocin

Which of the following are functions of the placenta?

I.

Gas exchange

II.

Stimulation of uterine contractions

III.

Secretion of progesterone

IV.

Secretion of estrogens

A.

I only

B.

III and IV only

C.

I, III and IV only

D.

I, II, III and IV

10

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

What is the outcome for each of the following processes?

Spermatogenesis

Oogenesis

A.

4 gametes

4 gametes

B.

4 gametes

1 gamete and 3 polar bodies

C.

2 gametes and 2 polar bodies

2 gametes and 2 polar bodies

D.

1 gamete and 3 polar bodies

4 gametes

What is the function of Sertoli cells?

A.

They nourish sperm.

B.

They produce testosterone.

C.

They nourish interstitial cells.

D.

They form the basement membrane.

Where does human fertilization most frequently occur?

A.

Ovary

B.

Oviduct

C.

Uterus

D.

Vagina

How can testis tissue be distinguished from ovary tissue, when seen using a light microscope?
A.

Testis tissue has a layer of muscle fibres and ovary tissue does not.

B.

Testis tissue is cooler than ovary tissue.

C.

Testis tissue contains tubules and ovary tissue does not.

D.

Testis tissue contains pain receptors and ovary tissue does not.

What happens to the polar bodies formed during oogenesis?

A.

They cause the acrosome reaction.

B.

They cause the cortical reaction.

C.

They pull chromosomes to the ends of the cell when the zygote divides.

D.

They are not used and break down.

Where is human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) produced?

11

A.

Ovary

B.

Anterior pituitary

C.

Embryo

D.

Posterior pituitary
(Total 1 mark)

12