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<Urban commoners:
Lower Classes craftsmen, bureaucratic personnel
<Brokers; Auctioneers;
Middlemen Commissioning merchants
Skilled tradesmen
Labor aristocrats Task masters
Pacemakers
(Mildling Class) Shopkeepers
Lower professionals and administrators
Native Principalia
<Appropriated common lands for their private
property
Chinese
<Also consolidated lands from the masses
Landless
Masses <Poor majority, dispossessed
Social Structure During Late
Spanish Regime
Absentee
< Spaniards including friar orders
Landlords
Salaried
<Spanish nationals
Administrators
- John Rawls
Social Justice Defined
• Equal allocation of basic needs.
• Preferential treatment for the poor and
under-privileged
• Extra reward for the meritorious
- David Harvey
Social Justice as Anti- Oppression
• Exploitation of labor
• Marginalization
• Powerlessness
• Cultural imperialism
• Violence
– against persons and property
– organized crime
Environmental Social Justice
• Maldistribution of environmental benefits
• Inequality in exposure to environmental
hazards and risks
• Spatial and social impact of natural
resource exploitation, e.g. logging, mining,
fishing, plantation crops, industrial
pollution
1st Principle of Social Justice: Equal
Allocation of Basic Needs
• Coverage on Sanitation
86.1% of population (2002)
MDG Target (2015) – 84%
MTPDP Target (2010) – 86%