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SAP2000
0
PROGRAM NAME:
REVISION NO.:
230mm
550 mm
60 mm
A
Section A-A
6m
Material Properties
E=
25x106 kN/m2
=
0.2
G=
10416666.7kN/m2
Section Properties
d = 490 mm
b = 230 mm
Design Properties
fck = 30 MPa
fyk = 460 MPa
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME:
REVISION NO.:
SAP2000
0
RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated based on the equivalent rectangular stress
distribution.
Country
cc
k1
k2
k3
k4
1.5
1.15
1.0
0.44
1.25
0.54
1.25
UK
1.5
1.15
0.85
0.40
1.25
0.40
1.25
Norway
1.5
1.15
0.85
0.44
1.25
0.54
1.25
Singapore
1.5
1.15
0.85
0.40
1.25
0.54
1.25
Finland
1.5
1.15
0.85
0.44
1.10
0.54
1.25
Denmark
1.45
1.2
1.0
0.44
1.25
0.54
1.25
Germany
1.5
1.15
0.85
0.64
0.80
0.72
0.80
Poland
1.4
1.15
1.0
0.44
1.25
0.54
1.25
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME:
REVISION NO.:
Country
Design
Moment,
MEd (kN-m)
Tension
Reinforcing,
As+ (sq-mm)
Design Shear,
VEd
(kN)
SAP2000
0
Shear
Reinforcing,
Asw/s (sqmm/m)
% diff.
Method
SAP
2000
Hand
SAP
2000
Hand
SAP
2000
Hand
SAP
2000
Hand
0.00%
CEN Default,
Slovenia,
Sweden, Portugal
165
165
916
916
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
UK
165
165
933
933
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Norway
165
165
933
933
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Singapore
165
165
933
933
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Finland
165
165
933
933
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Denmark
165
165
950
950
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Germany
165
165
933
933
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Poland
165
165
925
925
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME:
REVISION NO.:
SAP2000
0
HAND CALCULATION
Flexural Design
The following quantities are computed for both of the load combinations:
m, steel
= 1.15
m, concrete = 1.50
cc 1.0
k1 0.44
f ctm
bd = 184.5 sq-mm,
f yk
2/3
where f ctm 0.3 f cwk
= 0.3(30)2/3 = 2.896 N/sq-mm
COMB1
The factored design load and moment are given as,
wu = 36.67 kN/m
wu l 2
= 36.67 62/8 = 165.0 kN-m
8
The limiting value of the ratio of the neutral axis depth at the ultimate limit state
to the effective depth, x / d lim , is given as,
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME:
REVISION NO.:
SAP2000
0
k1
x
for fck 50 MPa ,
k2
d lim
where 1 , assuming no moment redistribution
k1 1 0.44
x
0.448
k2
1.25
d lim
The normalized section capacity as a singly reinforced beam is given as,
x x
mlim 1 = 0.29417
d lim 2 d lim
x
1 1 2mlim = 0.3584
d lim
lim
165 106
=
=0.1494 < mlim so a singly reinforced
m 2
230 490 2 1.0 20
bd f cd
beam will be adequate.
= 1 1 2m = 0.16263 lim
f bd
1.0 20 230 490
As cd = 0.1626
=916 sq-mm
400
f yd
Shear Design
The shear force demand is given as,
VEd L / 2 110.0 kN
The shear force that can be carried without requiring design shear reinforcement,
1/3
VRd ,c CRd ,c k 100 1 f ck k1 cp bw d
1/3
VRd ,c 0.12 1.6389 100 0.0 30 0.0 230 490 0 kN
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME:
REVISION NO.:
SAP2000
0
k 1
200
2.0 = 1.6389
d
AS
0
0.0 0.02
bd 230 490
cp
N Ed
0.0
Ac
The maximum design shear force that can be carried without crushing of the
notional concrete compressive struts,
VRd ,max cwbzv1 fcd / cot tan
where,
cw 1.0
z 0.9d 441.0 mm
v1 0.6 1 ck 0.528
250
0.5sin 1
vEd
5.33
0.2 f ck 1 f ck / 250
where,
vEd
VEd
0.9761
bw d
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME:
REVISION NO.:
SAP2000
0
Asw
VEd
110.0 1e6
249.4 sq-mm/m
s
zf ywd cot 441 460 2.5
1.15